JRC Corporate Image Toolkit (CIT)

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1st MENTORE Event IPSC Projects based on
Satellite Navigation Systems
IPSC - Institute for the Protection and Security
of the Citizen http//ipsc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ G.
Baldini, J. Hofherr
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Joint Research Centre
The Mission of the Joint Research Centre is to
provide customer-driven scientific and technical
support for the conception, development,
implementation and monitoring of EU policies. As
a service of the European Commission, the JRC
functions as a reference centre of science and
technology for the Union. Close to the
policy-making process, it servesthe common
interest of the Member States,while being
independent of special interests,whether private
or national.
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Joint Research Centre
Our Structure 7 Institutes in 5 Member
States IRMM - Geel, Belgium Institute for
Reference Materials and Measurements ITU -
Karlsruhe, Germany Institute for Transuranium
Elements IE - Petten, The Netherlands Institute
for Energy IPSC - Ispra, Italy Institute for the
Protection and Security of the Citizen IES -
Ispra, Italy Institute for Environment and
Sustainability IHCP - Ispra, Italy Institute for
Health and Consumer Protection IPTS - Seville,
Spain Institute for Prospective Technological
Studies
2800 staff 300 M/y budget ( 40 M/y
competitive income)
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IPSC Focus

• IPSC provides research-based, systems-oriented
  support to EU policies, in particular EU Security
  related policies (risk, anti-fraud). Two key
  objectives to be addressed
• Supporting the development of a European area of
  Freedom, Security and Justice
• Contributing to the development of Global
  Stability and Security
• The Institute maintains and develops its
  expertise and networks in information,
  communication, space and engineering technologies
  in support of its mission.

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IPSC Structure
Stephan Lechner DIRECTOR Stephan Lechner DIRECTOR Stephan Lechner DIRECTOR Stephan Lechner DIRECTOR Stephan Lechner DIRECTOR Stephan Lechner DIRECTOR
                                   
JAMES GRAY MANAGEMENT SUPPORT G01 JAMES GRAY MANAGEMENT SUPPORT G01 DELILAH AL KHUDHAIRY SUPPORT TO EXTERNAL SECURITY G02 DELILAH AL KHUDHAIRY SUPPORT TO EXTERNAL SECURITY G02 JACQUES DELINCE AGRICULTURE G03 JACQUES DELINCE AGRICULTURE G03 THOMAS BARBAS ff MARITIME AFFAIRS G04 THOMAS BARBAS ff MARITIME AFFAIRS G04 MICHEL GERADIN EUROPEAN LABORATORY FOR STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT G05 MICHEL GERADIN EUROPEAN LABORATORY FOR STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT G05 ALOIS SIEBER SENSORSRADAR TECHNOLOGIESAND CYBERSECURITYG06 ALOIS SIEBER SENSORSRADAR TECHNOLOGIESAND CYBERSECURITYG06 ANDRE POUCET TRACEABILITY AND VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT G07 ANDRE POUCET TRACEABILITY AND VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT G07 WILLEM JANSSENS NUCLEAR SAFEGUARDS G08 WILLEM JANSSENS NUCLEAR SAFEGUARDS G08 ANDREA SALTELLI STATISTICS AND ECONOMETRICS G09 ANDREA SALTELLI STATISTICS AND ECONOMETRICS G09
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Regulations Standards
The definition of policy and regulations is an
iterative process where many stakeholders are
involved.
Government
Standardization bodies
Regulations
Standards
Operational Needs
Research Centers
Research
Workshops Studies with End Users
Pilot projects and Prototypes
Technologies
Industry
The use of standards is a strategic tool to
raise competitiveness.
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IPSC and MENTORE
Why IPSC is interested to MENTORE

• Pilot projects like the ones developed in MENTORE
  are essential to
• Identify challenges and issues on the
  implementation of Applications.
• Introduce feedback to the chain of
  regulation/standards/technology.
• Identify gaps in standard and research.

MENTORE team is investigating important aspects
related to the security and safety of the
citizen, which is the core activity of IPSC.
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IPSC projects

• IPSC has been working for many years on a number
  of projects related to Tracking and Tracing
• Transportation of Dangerous Goods
• Maritime Security
• Livestock transportation

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IPSC projects
Transportation of Dangerous Goods
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Transportation of Dangerous Goods

• Policy Context
• Framework Directives 94/55/EC and 96/49/EC are
  the basis.
• 1994/55EC Council Directive on the approximation
  of laws of the Member States with regard to the
  transport of dangerous goods by road.
• 1994/55EC was amended by 1996/86/EC,
  1999/47/EC, 2000/61/EC 2001/7/EC, 2003/28/EC,
  2004/111/EC, 2006/89/EC.
• 1996/49/CE Council Directive on the approximation
  of laws of the Member States with regard to the
  transport of dangerous goods by rail.1996/49/CE
  was amended by 1996/87EC, 1999/48/EC, 2001/6/EC,
  2003/29/EC, 2004/89/EC, 2004/110/EC,
  2006/90/EC.Also Commission Decision 2005/777/EC
  of 13 October 2005 amending Decision 2005/180/EC
  on authorizing Member States to adopt certain
  derogations pursuant to Council Directive
  96/49/EC with regard to the transport of
  dangerous goods by rail.
• 1995/50/EC Council Directive on uniform
  procedures for checks on the transport of
  dangerous goods by road amended by 2001/26 and
  2008/54/EC.

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Transportation of Dangerous Goods
JRC Project SIMAGE SIstema integrato per il
Monitoraggio Ambientale e la Gestione del rischio
industriale e delle Emergenze The main aim of
SIMAGE Transport was to implement a pilot
information system for the near real-time
monitoring of vehicles carrying hazardous freight
and provide early alert warnings to the competent
authorities in the case of emergency associated
with the dangerous goods transport.
Framework Agreement between DG JRC and the
Italian Ministry of Environment
1995-2005. About 13.5 millions Euro
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Transportation of Dangerous Goods

• Main communication paths are
• between the control centre and the driver for
  emergency management needs
• between the driver and the cargo for setting up
  the typology of cargo, quantities carried and
  alarm values for the sensors
• between the cargo device and the fixed equipment
  for identifying the trailer and the cargo being
  carried
• between the fixed equipment and the control
  centre to indicate passage of a cargo

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Transportation of Dangerous Goods
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Transportation of Dangerous Goods

• Conclusions
• Monitoring the transport of dangerous substances
  is not only a technological challenge, but also
  and,
• perhaps more importantly, a participatory
  challenge.
• Need for an harmonization of the rules for the
  transport of dangerous goods in one of piece of
  EU law covering road, rail and inland waterway.
• Resistance by operators for adoption of tracking
  tracing technologies if added-value for them
  and for society is not clearly identified.
• Prototyping and Pilot projects are quite useful
  to identify challenges and issues in
  implementing regulations and to identify the
  existence or lack of appropriate standards.
• An emerging issue is the standardization of
  messaging structures for data exchange between
  interested and authorized parties as well as the
  availability and reliability of the communication
  chain .

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IPSC projects
Monitoring of fishing vessels
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Monitoring of fishing vessels

• Problem The oceans are being over-fished
• Response Track fishery vessels, establish
  no-fishing zones
• How fishery vessels are being tracked
• VMS Vessel Monitoring System
• Satellite based tracking system for fishery boats
• Comprised of a VMS box on each fishing vessel
  AND A database application at the Fishery
  Monitoring Center
• The VMS box includes a GPS device that is able to
  determine the vessels position
• The VMS box sends a position every 1-2 hours
• Problem Fishermen dont like to be tracked, some
  even cheat !
• Response Find out how to secure VMS boxes so
  that cheating is more difficult.

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Monitoring of fishing vessels
Policy Context
COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) No 2244/2003 of 18
December 2003 laying down detailed provisions
regarding satellite-based Vessel Monitoring
Systems
Art 6   2. In particular, the master of a
Community fishing vessel shall ensure that(a)
the data are not altered in any way(b) the
antenna or the antennas connected to the
satellite tracking devices are not obstructed in
any way(c) the power supply of the satellite
tracking devices is not interrupted in any way
and(d) the satellite tracking devices are not
removed from the fishing vessel. 3. It shall be
prohibited to destroy, damage, render inoperative
or otherwise interfere with the satellite
tracking device.
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Monitoring of fishing vessels
Focus of Maruse study
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Key findings A dishonest Fishermans viewpoint
Monitoring of fishing vessels

• Extra profit from black landings can exceed 1
  million EUR over 2 years
• Skippers of larger boats have considerable
  financial resources
• Could
• compromise technology
• attempt to corrupt law enforcement (out of scope)
• Simple GPS  fraud kit  available for 2 000 EUR
• Disable antenna, open box, feed into RS-232 port
  ( invasive )
• Sophisticated GPS signal simulators available for
  about 100k EUR
• Connect to antenna itself ( invasive )
• Radiate towards VMS box ( non-invasive )

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Why Galileo?
Monitoring of fishing vessels

• Galileo Differentiator for VMS
• Enable adequate protection for incoming and
  outgoing VMS signals
• Incoming authenticated signalgt Galileo
  encrypted signal
• makes a fake signal infeasible

Galileo authentic signal
This may also be valid for AIS and LRIT
systems. Like VMS, these systems can also be used
for vessel tracking. While AIR and LRIT are used
for merchant vessels instead of fishing vessels,
these systems use GPS positions as well and they
could be prone to tampering In this case Galileo
could also provide additional security.
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IPSC projects
Animal welfare in livestock transportation
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Animal welfare in livestock transportation

• Problem
• only few of the animal welfare requirements can
  be verified at road-side checks or after
  transport (retrospective)
• Community legislation was amended in 2004
• to ensure better enforcement of the standards,
  in particular by increasing the traceability of
  such transport operations
• and new elements introduced
• Navigation system for long journey animal
  transports (gt 8 hours)
• Temperature recording and warning system

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Animal welfare in livestock transportation
Policy Context
Regulation (EC) 1/2005 on the protection of
animals during transport

• Article 6(9) navigation system over long road
  journeys
• as from 1 January 2007 for vehicles for the
  first time in service
• As from 1 January 2009 for all road vehicles.

Annex I appropriate navigation system allowing
for recording and providing information
equivalent to those required in the journey
log and concerning opening/closing of the loading
flap
Annex I temperature monitoring and recording
system which alerts the driver of the vehicle
when the temperature in the animal compartment
(s) reaches the maximum or minimum limit.
gt Implementing measures required
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Animal welfare in livestock transportation
Concept for the system proposed by JRC

• a largely autonomous system to control and verify
  animal welfare parameters during transport
• a) transport times resting times
• b) temperatures
• providing the possibility of on-site and real
  time remote access to data
• to establish a connection with TRACES via TRACES
  certificate number

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Animal welfare in livestock transportation
Principle
Communication
Decentralised remote receiver e.g. private
Service Provider
GPRS/GMS
Positioning and time
GPS/ Galileo
Authorised user (Transporter)
Central EU wide receiver, e.g. TRACES Web Server
Direct download
Authorized users (authorities for animal welfare)
Remote access to data in real time
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Animal welfare in livestock transportation
System characteristics

• The On-board-unit (OBU) obtains and records at
  least
• time and position of vehicle
• temperatures in animal compartment(s)
• opening/closing of loading door(s)
• entering by driver
• Entering of information by the driver should be
  limited
• journey status (start, rest, resume, end of
  journey)
• TRACES certificate number(s)
• species, category, total number of animals loaded
• number of animals injured or dead during journey

Data recorded and sent by the OBU are
distinguished by the VIN of the vehicle, date and
time when recorded
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Animal welfare in livestock transportation
Where further information can be found on the
proposed system?

• JRC animal welfare website http//awt.jrc.it
• Technical Specifications Report
• Impact Assessment Report
• Scenarios Report how it could step up the
  effectiveness of animal welfare controls)

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Animal welfare in livestock transportation
State of play regarding technical solutions

• JRC carried out laboratory and in-field tests of
  a system conforming to the technical
  specifications (recordings - downloading data
  transmission to a remote receiver transmission
  from a remote receiver to TRACES receiver).
• Working on a second generation of navigation
  system which could also handle the electronic
  identification of animals loaded/unloaded.
• A number of service suppliers for the transport
  industry developed systems largely conforming to
  the technical specifications some are already
  in use.

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Animal welfare in livestock transportation
Some points of the concept (and Technical
Specifications) are not agreed on by all Member
States

• The proposed system combines temperature
  monitoring and navigation systems to avoid
  duplication of devices and information, allowing
  shared use and simplification of systems
• Second OBU in truck trailer
• Remote transmission of recorded data.