Respiratory Diseases in Finisher Swine: Learning as You Go

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Respiratory Diseases in Finisher Swine Learning
as You Go

• Brian Payne, DVM
• Bethany Swine Health Services
• Sycamore, IL

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Respiratory Pathogens

• Bacterial
• Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia
• Actinobacillus suis
• Bordetella bronchiseptica
• Hemophilus parasuis
• Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
• Pasteurella multocida
• Salmonella cholerasuis
• Streptococcus suis

• Viral
• Porcine Circovirus - Type 2
• Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome
  Virus
• Pseudorabies Virus
• Swine Influenza Virus
• Parasite
• Ascarids
• Toxoplasmosis
• Other
• Fe Deficiency
• Fumonisin

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Respiratory Disease Clinical Signs

• Coughing
• Sneezing
• Thumping
• Abnormal snout growth

• CNS signs
• Tear-stained eyes
• Fevers
• Lethargy
• Decreased intake/ADG
• Poor FG
• Decreased water consumption
• Mortality

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Respiratory Disease Triggers

• Pathogen overload
• Ventilation stress
• Temperature, gasses and humidity
• Social stress
• Overcrowding, mixing and moving
• Health stress
• Concurrent diseases, immune suppression
• Nutritional stress
• Malnutrition
• Genetic selection and growth

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Case Study 1
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Case Study 1

• You get a phone call from a producer
• I am starting to see a lot of coughing and
  thumping. A couple died in the past week and two
  this morning

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• And by the time you get therein 2 hours

Five More!
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What Do You Do?

• Just like in school, you need to know/complete
  the basics
• History
• Walk-through (P.E.)
• Diagnostics
• Treat
• Reassess
• Learn from your successes/failures

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History

• What age/size are the pigs?
• How many are there?
• What is the farm history of respiratory disease?
• Are there clinical signs at the sow farm?
• When were the first clinical signs?
• Are they off feed? Water?

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History (cont.)

• What is the vaccination history?
• What is the treatment history?
• Feed? Water? Injectable?
• Has the producer performed necropsies?
• What has the weather been?
• Any malfunctions in the building environment?
  (Check highs/lows)

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Walk Through
42 degrees outside
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Walk Through

• This is your clinical exam
• View the room quietly before you enter
• Watch the pigs
• Listen to the pigs

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Case Study 1
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Necropsy
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Necropsy
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Necropsy
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Case Study 1

• Histopathology Results
• Bronchointerstitial pneumonia
• Multifocal suppurative necrosis of lungs
• Reactive lymph nodes
• Virology neg for PRRS, SIV, PCV2
• Bacteriology
• Cultured Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia

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Case Study 1

• Penicillin and Excenel
• Susceptibilities
• Broad-spectrum
• Withdrawal Period
• Penicillin 15 days
• Excenel 4 days

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Case Study 1

• How did we do?
• This one was a success
• Death loss to a minimum
• Only 2 more died as a result of APP
• Prevention
• Increase air flow
• With pigs that are APP positive, always provide
  fresh air
• Stale air will trigger clinical signs

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Case Study 2
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Case Study 2

• 2 site production system
• Sow center Breed to Wean
• Family farm
• Single nursery
• Two finishers
• All confinement

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Case Study 2 Pig Flow

• 1,500 head groups every 8.5 weeks
• Weaned into nursery
• 8 weeks in nursery
• Moved to either F1 or F2 on rotational basis
• 17 weeks in the finisher
• Total days to market 170 days

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Case Study 2

• Turns 34 and 35 had less than desirable
  performance (ADG and FG)
• Mortality remained 3.5-4.0
• At the time, no notable clinical signs throughout
  the nursery, grower and finishing stages
• At least from what I knew then!

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Case Study 2Wean-to-Finish ADG
Turn
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Case Study 2Wean-to-Finish FG
Turn
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Case Study 2

• Group 36 occupies F2
• Hogs have been on site for 135 days
• How many days until average days to market?
• 35 days, but 1st group will be marketed in 20
  days
• This is the second group to get a mild cough
  right around this age
• During early 2006 we had a lot of H1N1 SIV going
  through the area
• Caused a mild cough and off-feed for about 2 days
• Other than that, it seemed harmless
• My assumption the previous and current group were
  infected with SIV

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Case Study 2

• The cough progressed to a very deep cough,
  lingered for 1 week, now day 145 on feed
• Thumping pigs
• Necropsy

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Case Study 2

• What do you do?
• Diagnostics
• What are you looking for?
• Which pig(s) do you want to sample?
• What samples do you take?
• What tests do you request?

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Dx-Lab Results

• Mycoplasma PCR positive on lung tissue
• Histopathology of lungs determined to be caused
  by a bacterial pathogen
• Mononuclear infiltration (bronchi and vessels)
• Bronchointerstitial pneumonia
• Non-specific
• SIV PCR negative
• No other significant findings

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How to treat this group?

• Mass medicate?
• Individual treatments?

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Prevention Strategy

• Vaccinate
• Choosing a product
• Choosing the correct timing
• Choosing a dosing program
• Pulse medication
• Choosing a product
• Choosing the time

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How Did We Do?

• Mortality was never an issue
• Vaccination with 1 dose of commercial Mycoplasma
  vaccine has been a success
• Monitoring water consumption was useful on the
  following group (37) as they were not vaccinated
• Decreased water consumption 1-2 days prior to
  any clinical signs
• Immediately medicated with Lincomycin soluble

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Case Study 2Wean-to-Finish ADG
-What is the cost of this? -A 0.1 drop in ADG
17 lighter by market -At 48 / cwt 8.16 /
hd -1,440 pigs per turn marketed 11,750

Turn
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Case Study 2Wean-to-Finish FG
-What is the cost of this? -A 0.1 improvement in
FG 2.20 / hog cost savings -1,440 pigs
marketed per turn 3,200

Turn
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Case Study 2

• It looked like flu!
• It sounded like flu!
• Therefore, it must be
• Mycoplasma

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Case Study 2 Conclusions

• What is a clinical sign?
• We are trained to view the animal
• Look beyond the pig
• Daily intake and feed delivery
• Water consumption
• Dont assume that because 1 disease is running
  through your practice area that because your
  clients case looks similar to the others that it
  is that same ole disease

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Feel Free To Contact Me

• Brian Payne, DVM