AIR FORCE OFFICE OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

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Steven Reznick
Steven Reznick
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AFOSR MISSION
Manage The Basic Research Investment For The US
Air Force
Partnerships in Excellence with Relevance
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BASIC RESEARCH A MILITARY NECESSITY
The first essential of the airpower necessary
for our national security is preeminence in
research. The imagination and inventive genius of
our people-in industry, in the universities, in
the armed services, and throughout the nation
must have free play, incentive, and every
encouragement. Gen. Henry Hap Arnold, 1944
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AFOSR WITHIN AFRL
HQ AFRL
TECHNOLOGY
DIRECTORATES
SPACE VEHICLES
AIR VEHICLES
MATERIALS MANUFACTURING
HUMAN EFFECTIVENESS
DIRECTED ENERGY
MUNITIONS
INFORMATION
PROPULSION
AFOSR BASIC RESEARCH IS THE FOUNDATION!
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• Air Force Office of
• Scientific Research

Office of the Director Dr. Lyle Schwartz Deputy
Director Col Steven Reznick Chief Scientist Dr.
Herb Carlson
Directorate of Aerospace Materials
Sciences Dr. Walter Jones
Directorate of Physics Electronics Dr.
Forrest Agee
Directorate of Mathematics Space Sciences Dr.
Clifford Rhoades
Directorate of Chemistry Life Sciences Dr.
Genevieve Haddad
Directorate of External Programs Resources
Interface Col T. Jan Cerveny
Directorate of Policy and Integration Col Don
Erbschloe
Human Resources Ms. Carolyn Maron
Directorate of Contracts Ms. Jackie Leitzel
Staff Judge Advocate Maj Timothy Hicks
European Office of Aerospace Research And
Development London Col Gerald OConnor
Asian Office of Aerospace Research And
Development Tokyo Dr. Terence Lyons
Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) International
Office Dr. Mark Maurice
All Program Managers have PhDs
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AF 6.1 INVESTMENT (by Research Area)
Biological Sciences (6)
Human Performance (6)
Space Sciences (4)
Atmospheric Sciences (3)
Education Programs (2)
Propulsion (8)
Physics (11)
Fluid Mechanics (5)
Structural Materials (6)
Solid Mechanics (8)
Electronics (12)
Chemistry (13)
Math Computer Sciences (16)
Total AF Appropriated Amount for FY01 213.8M
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AFOSR TEAM APPROACH(FY 01)
5,000 Researchers
AFRL Technology Directorates 130 Projects
AFOSR Ballston
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189 Universities 1,046 Grants
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Air Force Funding
65
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Industry 140 Contracts
Other DoD Agencies Funding
497 Documented Transitions
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As of Feb 01

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INVESTMENT STRATEGY

• Investment is High-Risk and High-Payoff
• Invest Broadly for Revolutionary Air Force
  Technologies
• Always Flexible - Dont Stagnate
• 3 Year Grants, 1 Year Options--Refreshes Research
• Grant average 6 Years, but No Entitlements
• Integrated Program (6.1, 6.2, 6.3)
• Leverage DoD, Other Agency, Private Sector and
  International Research
• AFOSR has No Infrastructure and performs No
  In-House Research

Requires Excellence and Relevance
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HOW AFOSR OPERATES

• AFOSR sets direction from top level guidance
• - AF Scientific Advisory Board, AFRL, AF,
  DoD
• AFOSR annually updates its Broad Agency
• Announcement (BAA) Supplements
• AFOSR WebPage http//www.afosr.af.mil
• Proposals from Universities, Industry, and AFRL
  Technical Directorates
• Proposals rated for Excellence External and
  Internal review panels
• Proposals rated for Relevance AFRL AFOSR

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IMAGING PHYSICS PROGRAM(Sample Research Program)
Spectral Polarimetric Phenomenology T. Caudill
(AFRL/VS)
Exploitation of Polarization Inf. M. Pesses (SAIC)
Image Formation Theory and Analysis M. Roggemann
(Mich. Tech. Univ.)
Astronomical Adaptive Optics R. Angel (Univ. of
Arizona)
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EXAMPLES OF BASIC RESEARCH CONTRIBUTIONS

• AFOSR-Sponsored Research Enabled
• Precision Navigation Kalman Filter - 1950
• Stealth Enablers High Frequency Electromagnetic
  Scattering - 1950
• Space Experiments (1st Contracts March 1957)
• Laser Invented Charles Townes 1958
• Computer Mouse Graphical User Interface 1960
• Airborne Laser (ABL) COIL - 1970-1995

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AFOSR ADDRESSES AF NEEDS(EXAMPLES)
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RESEARCHER ASSISTANCE AND SPECIAL PROGRAMS

• Researcher Assistance Programs -- Foster the
  Mutual Research Interests of the Air Force and
  Universities
• Fellowship Programs
• National Research Council Resident Research
  Associateship Program (NRC-RRA)
• NRC Summer Faculty Fellowship Program
• DoD National Defense Science Engineer Graduate
  Fellowship Program (NDSEG)
• Presidential Early Career Award Science
  Engineer (PECASE)

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RESEARCHER ASSISTANCE AND SPECIAL
PROGRAMS (continued)

• Special Programs
• Small Business Technology Transfer
• Historically Black Colleges and Universities
• and Minority Institutions
• Window Programs / Windows on Science
• AFOSR sends researchers from the U.S. to Asia,
  Europe, Canada, Central and South America and
  internal U.S. sites (Windows Programs)
• Average visit -- 1-6 months
• Researchers come to the US from other countries
  to lecture (WOS Program)
• Average visit -- 2-4 weeks

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NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL (NRC) ASSOCIATESHIPS

• Objectives
• Enhance research program of the host
  laboratory-- fresh ideas enhanced networking
  with RD community
• Provide prestige of national program
• Provide outstanding research experience for the
  Associate
• Value Added
• Proven selection process
• Effective NRC management at modest cost (18)
• Participate in national program
  (Lab and mentor(s)
  approved by NRC)

AFOSR provides centralized administration for AF
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NANOTECHNOLOGY

• Definition
• Creation of nanostructures with atomic level
• precision
• Simulation characterization of atomically
• controlled materials and nanostructures
• Analysis and exploitation of the electronic,
  optical,
• magnetic, chemical, biological and mechanical
• phenomena which become dominant in
• nanostructures

High Speed, Low Power Analog-to-Digital Converter
Objective
Resonant Tunneling Diodes

• Dramatic, innovative enhancements in the
  properties and performance of structures,
  materials, and devices with features on the
  nanoscale (i.e., tens of angstroms)
• Ultimate scaling to the smallest dimensions

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NANOTECHNOLOGY(continued)

• Approach
• Fabrication, synthesis, processing of
  nanostructures
• Nanoscale characterization
• Novel phenomena properties
• Nanodevice concepts (electronic, optoelectronic,
  magnetic)

Impact

• High density information storage (terabits)
• Superfast high performance computers
• Image and information processors
• Miniaturized sensor suites for surveillance
• Warfighter personal status monitors, esp.
  chem/bio
• High performance, affordable nanocomposites
• Miniaturized robotics for uninhabited platforms

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MICRO-SATELLITES TECH SAT 21

• Key Technologies
• Lightweight microsat hardware (flywheels)
• Distributed sparse aperture radar function
• Partitioned, distributed processing
• Ionospheric small scale structure
• Low power, low heat, rad-hardened chips
• Formation flying/micro-propulsion

• Description
• Integrated technologies enabling distributed
  satellite systems
• Cluster of formation flying small-sats form
  Virtual Satellite
• Cooperatively function as a multiple aperture
  sparse array

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UNIVERSITY NANOSATELLITE PROGRAM

• OBJECTIVES
• Leverage innovating thinking at U.S.
  universities to pioneer out-of-box solutions
  for nanosatellites
• Demonstrate state-of-the-art nanosatellite bus
  and payload technologies
• Demonstrate advanced mission concepts such as
  TechSat 21 formation flying
• DESCRIPTION
• DARPA and AFOSR funding 10 Universities 100K
  each to build total of 10 nanosatellites
• NASA Goddard providing 1.5M to standardize
  cross-links and navigation h/w
• AFRL/VS to manage prog, insert technology, and
  integrate and launch end of 2002/first of 2003
• TECHNOLOGY
• - Formation flying - Miniaturized sensors
• - Micro-propulsion - Guidance navigation
• - Multifunctionality - Collaborative processing

Deployment Structure
Shuttle Ejection System
Existing University NanoSats
Stanfords Sapphire left (25 lbs, 13 tall, 16
diameter)
Arizonas ASUSat left top view above (10 lbs,
9 tall, 12 diameter)
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RECENT AFOSR-SUPPORTED NOBEL LAUREATES
PROF. AHMED ZEWAIL CALTECH
PROF. DANIEL CHEE TSUI PRINCETON UNIVERSITY
PROF. STEVEN CHU STANFORD UNIVERSITY

Chemistry 1999
Physics 1997
Physics 1998
PROF HERBERT KROEMER UC SANTA BARBARA
PROF ALAN J. HEEGER UC SANTA BARBARA
PROF PAUL GREENGARD ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY
Medicine 2000
Chemistry 2000
Physics 2000
38 Nobel Laureates Performed AF-sponsored Basic
Research Before Awards
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AFOSR THEMES

• Broad Interdisciplinary Areas Funded and Managed
  to Achieve Significant Progress
• Topics Generated by AFOSR Program Managers
  Prioritized by AFOSR and AFRL/TDs
• Enhanced Funding of Themes During FY01 - FY03
  will Focus 20 of 6.1 Resources in Six Themes

Designated Themes

• Biologically Inspired Concepts
• Type II Quantum Computation
• Materials Engineering
• Plasma Dynamics

• Cooperative Control
• Miniaturization
• Science for Space

• Biologically Inspired Concepts
• Type II Quantum Computation
• Materials Engineering
• Plasma Dynamics

• Cooperative Control
• Miniaturization
• Science for Space

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AFOSR Future Directions

• Emphasis on Info Science,
• Bio Science,
• Nano Science, and
• Space Science
• Multi-Program Themes in
• Cooperative Control Materials Engineering
• Bio-Inspired Concepts Plasma
  Aerodynamics
• Quantum Computing Miniaturization Science

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BIO-NANO-INFO INTERFACE
Basic Research opens new realms of opportunity
biosensors biomaterials DNA assembly drug
delivery health monitoring human performance
nanostructure nanoelectronics nanomaterials nanoph
ysics nanochemistry nanofabrication
information architecture processing data handling
modeling simulation visualization
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BIO-NANO-INFO INTERFACE
Basic Research opens new realms of opportunity
biosensors biomaterials DNA assembly drug
delivery health monitoring human performance
nanostructure nanoelectronics nanomaterials nanoph
ysics nanochemistry nanofabrication
nano- physics
information architecture processing data handling
modeling simulation visualization
Produces Nano-Bio computation
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NANOSCIENCE NANOTECHNOLOGY (NST) WHAT IT IS
NanoTechnologies
NanoScience
NanoMachines NanoDevices NanoEngineering
Functionality
Foundation
NanoMetrology NanoAssembly NanoFabrication Theory
Modeling
NanoElectronics NanoMagnetics NanoChemistry NanoPh
otonics
Nano-Enhanced Technologies
Components Materials
Coatings Catalysts Structures Power Generation
NanoStructure NanoParticles NanoComposites
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NANOTECHNOLOGY
Definition

• Creation of nanostructures with atomic level
  precision
• Simulation characterization of atomically
  controlled
• materials and nanostructures
• Analysis and exploitation of the electronic,
  optical,
• magnetic, chemical, biological and mechanical
  phenomena
• which become dominant in nanostructures

High Speed, Low Power Analog-to-Digital Converter
Approach

• Fabrication, synthesis, processing of
  nanostructures
• Nanoscale characterization
• Novel phenomena properties
• Nanodevice concepts (electronic, optoelectronic,
  magnetic)

Resonant Tunneling Diodes
Objective
Impact

• High density information storage (terabits)
• Superfast high performance computers
• Image and information processors
• High performance, affordable nanocomposites
• Miniaturized robotics for uninhabited platforms

• Dramatic, innovative enhancements in the
  properties and performance of structures,
  materials, and devices with features on the
  nanoscale (i.e., tens of angstroms)

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BIOTECHNOLOGY

• Biotechnology has the potential to provide
  revolutionary options for design and production
  of weapon systems
• Commercial biotech industry focused on
  agricultural, medical/pharmaceutical, and
  environmental applications
• - minimal focus on DoD or Air Force
  application(s)
• Current ad hoc AFRL biotech efforts show near
  term promise
• - need coordinated programming to achieve
  synergistic and sustained returns on investment

AFRL Biotechnology Initiative will forge a
network of internal resources to capitalize on
external technology breakthroughs
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CONCEPTS FOR AEROSPACE BIOTECH (NICHE
DOMINANCE AREAS)
Enhanced Decision Making
Autonomous Bio- Designed Control Systems
Revolutionary Aerospace Biomaterials
AFRL Aerospace Biotechnology
Bio-Based CB Decontamination
Novel Biomolecular Sensors
Health Hazard Prediction Through Toxicogenomics
Niche Dominance DoD recognized, preferred
source
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SUMMARY

• AFOSR focuses the Scientific Communityon Air
  Force Warfighter Needs
• AFOSR forges Transitions of Innovative
  Technologies
• AFOSR has a reputation for Early and Accurate
  Selection of Premier Research Scientists
• Contact AFOSR at www.afosr.af.mil

AFOSR celebrates its 50th Anniversary 25 April
2002 Reagan Center, Washington, DC