Learning is Not Compulsory''' Neither is Survival' W' Edwards Deming 1900 1993

1
Learning is Not Compulsory... Neither is
Survival.W. Edwards Deming (1900 - 1993)

• Agenda
• Please Silence Your Cell Phone
• Questions and Announcements
• Learning Objectives
• Chapter 5 Learning and Creativity
• Reminders

2
Learning Objectives

• LO1 Define Learning and Its Importance
• LO2 Apply Operant Conditioning, the Social
  Cognitive Theory and Vicarious Learning
• LO3 Determine Impact of Self-Control and
  Self-Efficacy on Learning
• LO4 Describe the Nature of the Creative Process
  and the Determinants of Creativity
• LO5 Identify Factors of a Learning Organization

3
LO1 Define Learning and Its Importance in All
Jobs

• Learning Relatively Permanent Change in
  Knowledge or Behavior
• Discussion
• Why is Employee Learning and Creativity Important
  to Your Job as a Manager?
• What Can You Do to Encourage Employees to Learn
  and be Creative?

4
LO2 Apply Operant Conditioning, the Social
Cognitive Theory and Vicarious Learning

• Operant Conditioning (Ex. 5.1 Page 148)
• Antecedents
• Encourage Desired Behavior
• Positive Reinforcement Valued Rewards (Bonus )
• Negative Reinforcement Reprimand or Scold
• Discourage Undesired Behavior
• Extinction - Determine what Stimulates Unwanted
  Behavior and Eliminate it.
• Punishment Negative Consequence, Progressive
  Discipline Policy

5
Reinforcement Schedules

• Continuous Reinforcement Reinforce Every
  Occurrence
• Partial Reinforce Behavior Intermittently
• Fixed (Time) Interval Reinforced After Fixed
  Period of Time
• Variable (Time) Interval Reinforcement
  Administered After Varying Period of Time
• Fixed Ratio Reinforce After Behavior Has
  Occurred a Fixed Number of Times
• Variable Ratio Reinforce After Behavior Occurs a
  Varying Number of Times

6
Behavior Modification (Ex. 5.3 Page 155)

• Identify Behavior to be Learned
• Measure the Frequency of the Behavior
• Analyze the Antecedents and Consequences of the
  Behavior
• Antecedents - Example Policies and Procedures
• Consequences Positive and Negative Reinforcers
• Intervene
• Evaluate

7
Social Cognitive Theory and Vicarious Learning

• Social Cognitive Theory Recognizes Impact of
  Employees Thoughts, Feelings, and Social
  Environment on Learning and Behavior
• Vicarious Learning Learn by Watching Another
  Person Perform the Behavior
• Example New Restaurant Server Job Shadows a
  Star Performer

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Lets Practice

• Identify Behavior to be Learned
• Measure the Frequency of the Behavior
• Analyze the Antecedents and Consequences of the
  Behavior
• Antecedents
• Consequences (Positive and Negative)
• Intervene
• Evaluate

9
LO3 Determine Impact of Self-Control and
Self-Efficacy on Learning

• Self-Control Conditions Self-Managing Behavior
• Low Probability Behavior Take Initiative to
  Learn Something You Dont Enjoy
• Self-Reinforcers Reward Yourself
• Set Learning Goals That Determine When You Will
  Self-Reinforce
• Administer Reinforcement When Goal is Met

10
Self-Efficacy

• Belief You Can Perform (Learn) Task
• Sources of Self-Efficacy
• Past Performance
• Vicarious Experience or Observation of Others
• Verbal Persuasion
• Perception of Your Physiological State
• Learning By Doing Simulators, Internships, Our
  Company Simulation

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LO4 Describe the Nature of the Creative Process
and the Determinants of Creativity

• Creativity Generation of Novel and Useful Ideas
• Innovation Successful Implementation of Creative
  Ideas
•  
• Creative Process (Ex. 5.5 page 164) Recognition
  Gather Info Produce Creative Ideas Select
  Ideas Implementation
•  
• Characteristics of Creative People (Ex. 5.6 page
  166)
• Individual Differences Internal Locus of
  Control, Self Esteem, Intelligence
• Task-Relevant Knowledge
• Intrinsic Motivation Motivated by the Work
  Itself

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Characteristics of Organization That Contribute
to Creativity (Ex. 5.6 page 166)

• Level of Autonomy - Freedom or Independence to
  Make Decisions
• Form of Evaluation Provided Feedback and
  Encouragement
• Reward System Bonuses and Raises
• Importance of Task Feeling That Task Employee
  is Working on is Important to the Organization

13
LO5 Identify Factors of a Learning Organization

• Organizational Learning Desire to Find New Ways
  to Improve Effectiveness
• Key Activities
• Encourage Self-Mastery, High Self-Efficacy
• Develop Schemas to Understand Work Activities
  How Your Job Affects Work of Others
• Encourage Learning in Groups/Teams.
• Communicate Vision for the Organization
• Encourage System Thinking
• Knowledge Management Knowledge Banks

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Did You Learn?

• LO1 Define Learning and Its Importance
• LO2 Apply Operant Conditioning, the Social
  Cognitive Theory and Vicarious Learning
• LO3 Determine Impact of Self-Control and
  Self-Efficacy on Learning
• LO4 Describe the Nature of the Creative Process
  and the Determinants of Creativity
• LO5 Identify Factors of a Learning Organization

15
Reminders

• Thursday Our Company Simulation
• Next Week Chapter 7, Motivation
• Two Weeks
• Exam 1 Chapters 2, 3, 5, 7
• Chapter 9, Stress