Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev

1
Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev

• By Danny Ricchetti
• 4/5/07
• Global-Studies 2

2
Outline

• An Overview of Khrushchevs life.
• Early Life of Khrushchev.
• His political work in the Soviet Union in 4
  parts Early career/ascension. During World War
  II. Post World War II. As Premier of the
  U.S.S.R.
• Khrushchevs political downfall.
• Conclusion.

3
Overview

• Nikita Khrushchev became first secretary, (second
  in command) of the Moscow Communist Party in 1935
  under Joseph Stalin.
• In 1939, became a full member of the Politburo.
• 1955- Khrushchev and Nikolai Bulganin won power
  struggle against Georgi Malenkov and Lavrenti
  Beria. Bulganin becomes premier, but Khrushchev
  stays in charge of Communist Party.
• Became Premier of the Soviet Union in 1958.

Khrushchev- Picture 1
Politburo-Executive organization for political
parties, most notably in Communist Parties.
4
Early Life

• Born in Kalinovka to an illiterate family in
  1894.
• Father worked as a farmer and a coal miner.
• Family was unable to survive as farmers and moved
  to an industrial center in Ukraine in 1908.
• Nikita began working in a factory.

5
Career Beginning

• At age 18, Khrushchev joined a group of workers
  who organized a strike for better working
  conditions.
• Nikita continued his activism by helping organize
  strikes through 1916.
• In 1917, Khrushchev joins Bolshevik forces during
  the Russian Civil War, and served as a political
  commissar.

Russian Civil War Map- Picture 2
6
Early Political Career

• Received training from the Industrial Academy in
  Moscow, and upon graduation, was appointed a
  political post in Ukraine.
• After Stalin (right) won power over Leon Trotsky
  and Nikolai Bukharin, Khrushchev eventually rose
  to first secretary of the Communist Party in
  1935.
• Became a full member of the Politburo in 1939.
• Rise to power corresponded with the Great Terror
  in Russia.
• The Great Terror was a series of exterminations
  that Stalin began to consolidate his power.

Joseph Stalin-Picture 3
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Politics during WWII

• In 1941, Khrushchev sent to head the Communist
  Party in Ukraine.
• After the Nazis were driven out of Ukraine in
  1944, Khrushchev was responsible for restoring
  agricultural production, establishing order, and
  punishing traitors.
• He returned to Moscow in 1949.

8
Post World War II Politics

• Stalin died in 1953. Khrushchev and Nikolai
  Bulganin (right) won power over Stalins
  successor Georgi Malenkov and secret police chief
  Lavrenti Beria. Bulganin became premier in 1955,
  but Khrushchev was in charge of the Communist
  Party.
• In 1956, Khrushchev gave his Secret Speech to the
  20th Party Congress, attacking Stalins
  dictatorship and crimes against the people.
  De-Stalinization
• Ordered an invasion on Budapest to destroy 1956
  Hungarian Revolution. App. 2500 civilians were
  killed and 13000 were wounded.

Nikolai Bulganin-Picture 4
9
Khrushchev as Premier of the Soviet Union

• Khrushchev was promoted to Premier of the Soviet
  Union when Nikolai Bulganin resigned from office
  in 1958. Khrushchev was Premier from 1958-1964.
  
• Advocated many reforms with agriculture,
  industry, and administrative office.
• Reform advocacy contributed to an upsurge of
  independence movements in Eastern Europe.

10
Khrushchev as Premier cont.

• Believed in peaceful-coexistence with the West,
  but still boasted about the Soviets destructive
  power.
• Khrushchev initiated the Soviet Space Program
  that launched Sputnik, giving the Soviet Union a
  head start in the space race.
• Also negotiated with John F. Kennedy for a joint
  moon program, which ended when Kennedy was
  assassinated in 1963.

Khrushchev and Kennedy-Picture 5
11
Khrushchev as Premier cont.

• Khrushchevs term was marked by a series of
  crises with the West
• Was in power during the U-2 crisis of 1960,
  causing the Paris Summit between President
  Eisenhower and Khrushchev to collapse.
• Approved the construction of the Berlin Wall in
  1961, further damaging relations with the West.
  
• Began the deployment of nuclear weapons into
  Cuba, leading to the Cuban Missile Crisis of
  1962.

Building the Berlin Wall-Picture 6
Soviet Launch Site in San Cristobal, Cuba
12
Political Downfall

• Reforms, agricultural stagnation, and erratic
  political policies had alienated him from many
  powerful Soviet political groups.
• On October 15, 1964, Khrushchev was ousted out of
  the Premiership by Leonid Brezhnev.
• In 1966, Khrushchev was dropped from the
  Communist Partys Central Committee.

13
Conclusion

• Became one of Stalins top advisors as First
  Secretary of the Communist Party.
• Policy of De-Stalinization drastically changed
  politics in the Soviet Union, such as
  independence movements in Soviet satellite
  nations and an end to the prominent role
  forced-labor played in the economy.
• Became Premier of the Soviet Union in 1958.
• Believed in peaceful-coexistence with the West.
• Well-known for his liberalization policies and
  reforms.
• Played a major role in many crises between the
  West and Russia. (U-2, Berlin Wall, Cuban
  Crisis.)
• Khrushchev died on September 11, 1971.

14
Bibliography

• Information
• CNN Cold War-Nikita Khrushchev. 2004. By CNN
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• Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev. 2007.
  Encyclopedia Britannica Online School Edition.
  13 March, 2007. Britannica. http//school.eb.com
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• Khrushchev A Political Profile. 1959. By
  Medlin, William K. 14 March, 2007. JSTOR.
  Russian Review Volume 18, Number 1, p 23.
• Khrushchev Remembers. 1970. By Nikita
  Khrushchev, With an Introduction, Commentary, and
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• Complete History of the World 6th Edition. By
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• Pictures
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