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Choices in Relationships

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Positive Stress. Management Strategies. Changing Basic Values ... an effective stress reducer. Positive Stress. Management Strategies ... Stress Management ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Choices in Relationships


1
Choices in Relationships
  • Chapter Thirteen Stress and Crisis in
    Relationships

2
Personal Stress and Crisis Events
  • Definitions of Stress and Crisis Events
  • Stress is a reaction of the body to substantial
    or unusual demands (physical, environmental, or
    interpersonal) made on it.
  • A crisis is a crucial situation that requires
    changes in normal patterns of behavior.

3
Personal Stress and Crisis Events
  • Resilient Families
  • Resiliency refers to a familys strengths and
    ability to respond to a crisis in a positive way.
  • Several characteristics associated with resilient
    families include
  • Having a joint cause or purpose
  • Emotional support for each other
  • Good problem-solving skills
  • The ability to delay gratification

4
Personal Stress and Crisis Events
  • Several characteristics associated with resilient
    families include
  • Flexibility
  • Accessing residual resources
  • Communication
  • Commitment

5
Personal Stress and Crisis Events
  • A Family Stress Model
  • How a family experiences and responds to stress
    depends not only on the event but also on the
    familys coping resources and perceptions of the
    event.

6
Positive Stress Management Strategies
  • Changing Basic Values and Perspective
  • The strategy that many people cite as being
    helpful is changing basic values as a result of
    the crisis situation.
  • Exercise
  • Exercise has also been associated with successful
    crisis coping and better health.
  • Exercise is also an effective stress reducer.

7
Positive Stress Management Strategies
  • Biofeedback
  • Biofeedback treatment teaches a person to
    influence biological responses such as heart
    rate, nervous system arousal, muscle
    contractions, and even brain wave functioning.
  • Electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback,
  • Thermal or temperature biofeedback
  • Galvanic skin response (GSR) biofeedback
  • Neurofeedback

8
Positive Stress Management Strategies
  • Sleep
  • Getting an adequate amount of sleep is also
    associated with low stress levels.
  • Love
  • A love relationship also helps an individual cope
    with stress.
  • Similarly, intimacy in ones marriage, as well as
    being able to talk with family members, is
    associated with stress reduction.

9
Positive Stress Management Strategies
  • Religion and Spirituality
  • Spirituality, defined as having purpose and
    meaning in life, having inner resources, feeling
    connected to others, and being able to transcend
    ones physical or psychological condition may
    also be positively related to reducing stress and
    coping with crisis events.

10
Positive Stress Management Strategies
  • Friends and Relatives
  • By reaching out to friends and relatives, people
    do not feel so alone and vulnerable in the world
    and perhaps this enables them to prepare
    themselves for the worst
  • Multiple Roles
  • Another factor that helps individuals cope with
    stress is to be involved in multiple roles.
  • The greater the number of roles, the lower the
    depression and the higher the psychological
    well-being.

11
Positive Stress Management Strategies
  • Humor
  • Humor is associated with a number of positive
    outcomes, including stress reduction, physical
    health, mental well-being, and life satisfaction.
  • Other Helpful Strategies
  • Intervening early in a crisis.
  • Avoiding blame.
  • Keep destructive impulses in check.
  • Seek opportunities for fun.

12
Harmful Strategies
  • Harmful Stress Management Strategies
  • Some coping strategies not only are ineffective
    for resolving family problems but also add to the
    familys stress by making the problem worse.
  • These included keeping feelings inside, taking
    out frustrations on others, and denying or
    avoiding the problem.

13
Five Family Crises
  • Physical Illness and Disability
  • Major illness/injury to self was ranked the
    number 3 most stressful life event (from a list
    of 51) by over 3,000 adult respondents (death of
    spouse and death of close family member were
    numbers 1 and 2).
  • Although short-term illness and disability often
    produce stress in the family, long-term illness
    and disability have profound and enduring effects
    on family members and family life.

14
Five Family Crises
  • Physical Illness and Disability
  • Intimacy and Threatened Loss
  • Establishing Healthy Boundaries
  • Togetherness and Separateness

15
Five Family Crises
  • Extramarital Affair
  • Extramarital affair refers to the emotional and
    sexual involvement of a spouse with someone other
    than the mate.

16
Five Family Crises
  • Extramarital Affair
  • Extradyadic involvement refers to all pair-bonded
    individuals who are emotionally and sexually
    involved with someone other than the partner.
  • Gender Differences in Views of an Extramarital
    Affair

17
Five Family Crises
  • Reasons for Extramarital Involvements
  • Variety, novelty, and excitement
  • Workplace friendships
  • Relationship dissatisfaction
  • Revenge
  • Homosexual relationship
  • Aging
  • Absence from partner

18
Should You Seek a Divorce If Your Partner Has an
Affair?
  • One alternative is to end the relationship
    immediately on the premise that trust has been
    broken and can never be mended.
  • Other couples respond to a partners emotional
    and sexual involvement with acceptance.
  • When spouses do stay together after an affair,
    the price is high.

19
Five Family Crises
  • Unemployment
  • The effects of unemployment may be more severe
    for men than for women.
  • Drug Abuse
  • Spouses, parents, and children who abuse drugs
    contribute to the stress and conflict experienced
    in their respective marriages and families.

20
Five Family Crises
  • Teenage Drug Abuse
  • Drug Abuse Support Groups
  • Al-Anon

21
Five Family Crises
  • Death
  • Death of Ones Child
  • Intimacy and sexual needs
  • Views and feelings about having other children
  • Methods of childrearing to be used for the
    surviving child or children
  • Death of Ones Parent
  • Surviving the Suicide of a Loved One

22
Marriage and Family Therapy
  • Availability of Marriage and Family Therapists
  • There are around 50,000 marriage and family
    therapists in the United States.
  • Brief Solution-Based Therapy
  • The cognitive-behavioral approach focuses on
    the cognitions or assumptions that underlie a
    marriage or family with the goal of ensuring that
    these are accurate and functional.

23
Marriage and Family Therapy
  • Though these may be helpful for getting e-mail
    answers to e-mail questions, ongoing on-line
    marital therapy is virtually unknown.
  • Since effective marriage counseling requires the
    participation and involvement of both spouses,
    on-line marital therapy is made difficult since
    both partners would need to be on-line at the
    same time.
  • In addition, nonverbal interaction behaviors
    cannot be observed by the therapist.
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