Towards implementation of the restated OECD Jobs Strategy Present situation and future challenges in

1
Towards implementation of the restated OECD Jobs
StrategyPresent situation and future challenges
in Japan OECD????????????????????

• A forum on the restated OECD Jobs Strategy in
  Tokyo
• October 30-31, 2006
• Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare Japan

2
Changes in the Total Population??????
The total population declined for the first time
Prospect
Actual
(10,000 people)
65 years old and over
1564 years old
14,000
14 years old and under
12,692
12,778
12,776
12,748
12,627
12,557
12,411
12,114
11,758
12,000
1,826
2,227
2,488
2,682
2,874
3,277
3,456
3,473
3,477
10,000
8,000
8,717
8,600
8,508
8,337
6,000
8,167
7,730
7,445
7,233
6,958
4,000
2,000
2,001
1,845
1,773
1,740
1,707
1,620
1,510
1,409
1,323
0
(Year)
1995
2000
2004
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
Percentage of population 65 and over to
population 15-64()
(20.9)
(25.9)
(29.2)
(32.2)
(35.2)
(42.4)
(46.4)
(48.0)
(50.0)
Source Figures of 1995, 2000 and 2005 from
Statistics Bureau, the Ministry of Internal
Affairs and Communications, National Population
Census . Figures of 2004 from Statistics Bureau,
the Ministry of Internal Affairs and
Communications, Population Estimates and
figures of 2010 and after from the National
Institute of Population and Social Security
Research, Projected Population of Japan
(estimated in January 2002)Medium variant .
3
Recent Employment Situation???????????????
Trends in Unemployment Rate, and Ratio of Active
Job Openings to Applicants
(?)
()
1.10
6.0
Record-high unemployment rate 5.5 (June and
August 2002 and January 2003)
Ratio of Active job Openings to Applicants 1.08
(August. 2006)

Record-high number of unemployed 3.85 million
(April. 2003 )
???? 5.5 14?8??15?1?
Over 5 for the first time(5.0, July 2001)
1.05
1.00
5.5
??????
0.95
Over 4 for the first time (4.0 April 1998)
0.90
5.0

0.85
Unemployment rate (right scale) ?????(???)
0.80
Unemployment Rate 4.1 Number of Unemployed 2.72
million (August. 2006)
0.75
4.5
Ratio of Active Job Openings to Applicants
Recent peak of 0.65 (from November 2000
to January 2001)
0.70
0.65
4.0
Under 0.5 for the first time (0.49, September
1998)
Ratio of active job openings to applicants (left
scale) ??????(???)
0.60
?????
0.55
Unemployment Rate
3.5
Recent bottom of 0.51 (from December 2001
to February 2002)
0.50
Record-low ratio of 0.46 (May and June 1999
0.45
0.40
3.0
4
6
8
10
12
2
4
6
8
10
12
2
4
6
8
10
12
2
4
6
8
10
12
2
4
6
8
10
12
2
4
6
8
10
12
2
4
6
8
10
12
2
4
6
8
10
12
2
4
6
8
(?)
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
4
Changes in labour force ?????????
2015?
2030?
2004?
(Total population 117.58 million)
(Total population 127.69 million)
(Total population 126.27 million)
An increase of 3 million workers
66.42 million workers
An increase of 5.1 million workers
Down 1.1million
Down 4.1 million
Down5.3 million
60 and over
Down 1.05 million
65.35
62.37
Workers can continue to work until 65 ?up 0.5
million
61.09
Workers can continue to work until 65 ?up 0.7
million
55.97
30 to 59
Balancing work and family responsibilities ?up
1.7 million(of which 1,300,000 are women)
Balancing work and family responsibilities ?up
3.1 million(of which 2,700,000 are women)
Young people play active role ?up 0.8 million
Young people play active role ?up 1.3 million
15 to 29
If various measures were implemented
If no measures were taken
If no measures were taken
If various measures were implemented
Source Figures of 2004 from the Ministry of
Internal Affairs and Communication, Labour Force
Survey. Figures of If no measures were
taken were estimated by the Ministry of Health,
Labour and Welfare, based on Labour Force
Survey. Figures of If various measures
were implemented were estimated by the Ministry
of Health, Labour and Welfare.
5
To promote labour participation???????????????

• Public Employment Services
• ???????????????
• Job-search assistance well integrated with
  provision of unemployment benefit system
• ?????????????????????
• More effective job-assistance Plan-Do-Check-Actio
  n (2004)
• ?????????????????PDCA???????????
• Guidance and assistance for enterprises
• ??????????
• Other labour market programs
• ?????????

6
To promote labour participation???????????????

• Young people ???
• Job-searching assistance towards regular
  employment
• ???????????????
• Elderly persons ???
• Reform of pension system ??????
• Duty of enterprises to raise the retirement
  age, to introduce a continuous employment system
  or to abolish the retirement age
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????
• Women ??
• Promote family-friendly arrangements by
  employers
• ??????????????????????????
• Employment services with considerate
  treatments for women caring for children
  ????????????????
• From welfare to work (People with disabilities,
  beneficiaries of public assistance, single
  parents)
• ???????(??????????????????)
• Benefit systems designed to make work pay
• ???????????????????
• More effective assistance towards independence
  through closer cooperation among authorities
  ?????????????????

7
Facilitate the development of labour force skills
and competencies???????

• Public vocational training ??????
• Providing training opportunities in public
  and private facilities (288 in total)
• ???????(?288??)???????????????
• Training to get more practical abilities
  good mix of experience in workplace and classroom
  lecture (2006-) ???????????
• Promoting HRD conducted by employers
  ?????????????
• Subsidies and accreditation ?????????
• Vocational abilities evaluation systems ????????
• Trade skill testing and white-collar
  evaluation test ???????????????
• Developing vocational ability evaluation
  standards classified by industries and types of
  job (2004-) ?????????????????????
• Laying out basic skills that are required
  of young people by companies and certifying
  acquisition of these skills (2004-) YES-?????
• Facilitating school-to-work transition ???????
• Career guidance and support for secondary
  school students
• with collaboration between PES and
  schools
• ???????????????????????????????

8
Tackling obstacles to labour demand while
addressing labour market duality
????????????????????????????

• Regional disparity ?????
• Programs for industrial promotion and
  employment creation in cooperation with local
  governments
• ??????????????????
• Disparity in working forms ?????????
• Ensuring balanced treatment according to job
  description, ability and working time is
  indispensable for decent work and labour demand
• ?????????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????

9
For more effective policies?????????????

• Discuss sufficiently with social partners and
  other stakeholders ???????????????????
• Phase implementation as appropriate ?????????????
• Prepare adequate safety net ??????????????
• Sharing experiences among countries Support from
  the OECD is appreciated (in cooperation with
  other international institutions, especially the
  ILO)
• ?????????OECD??????(ILO?????)