R

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RD for Very Forward Calorimeters
W. Lohmann, DESY

• LHC tribute
• General RD schedule ILC
• New structure for detector
• RD
• CLIC and SBelle
• FCAL overview

Labs involved Argonne, BNL, Vinca Inst,
Belgrade, Bukharest
Univ. of Colorado, Cracow UST,
Cracow INP, JINR, Royal Holloway, NCPHEP,
Prague(AS), LAL Orsay,
Tuhoku Univ., Tel Aviv
Univ. , West Univ. Timisoara, Yale Univ. DESY
(Z.) Associated
Stanford Univ. IKP Dresden Guests from
CERN
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Tribute to LHC
LHC CR
ATLAS

CMS
First circulating beam at Sept. 10 2008
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ILC Design
First stage 90 500 GeV Second stage up to
1 TeV Luminosity 500 fb-1 / 4years
1 ab-1 at 1 TeV L 2 x
1034 cm-2s-1 Polarisation 80 e-
50 e (later phase) Beam energy
lt 10-3 uncertainty Options GigaZ (high
lumi running at the Z), e-g, g-g
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The GDE and its Mission (Accelerator)
GDE Global Design Effort

• Produce a design for the ILC (performance,
  costing, industrialisation plan, siting)
• Coordinate worldwide prioritized RD
• - Demonstrate and improve the
  performance of the components
• (cavities, cryomodules, RF units)
• - Reduce costs
• - Test and improve reliability

Director B. Barish 3 regional directors B.
Foster (Europe)
M. Nozaki (Asia)
M. Harrison (Americas) 480
physicists and engineers worldwide
The RDR (reference design report) for the ILC
was released in 2007 Plan was an Engineering
Design Report in 2010 Due to black december
2007 (Budget cuts in UK and US)
New RD plan with two phases, one ending 2010,
one ending 2012
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Research Director (Detectors, RD)
The ILCSC recruited Sakue Yamada to serve as ILC
(DetectorPhysics) Research Director

• The RD will be responsible for
• Devising procedures that will result in two
  contrasting and complementary detector designs
  (based on Letter of Intend, LOI)
• Guiding the global detector RD effort
• Form a management structure and appoint a
  detector advisory group (IDAG)

More Details under
http//www.fnal.gov/directorate/icfa/Charge20for
20the20ILC20Research20Director.pdf
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ILC Research Directorate Organisation
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TDP1 and TDP2
Detector design phase I
TDP-1 (GDE)
2010

• Prioritized RD for
• risk reduction
• (gradient, Cryomodul
• performance with
• beam, RF units)
• Beam Delivery system,
• Final focus

• RD on prioritized areas and
• critical elements
• Complete detector specifications
• Initiate technical design work
• Update physics performance
• Develop MDI scenarios

TDP-2 (GDE)
2012
Detector design phase II

• Complete technical design and RD needed for the
  project proposal
• Complete reliable cost role up
• Project plan developed

• Include LHC results in performance requirements
• Complete RD,
• develop integration into a real detector,
  technical design for the ILC proposal
• Complete MDI solution
• Reliable cost role up and financial plan

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Detector Example
Muons (instrumented iron)
Hadrons (HCAL)
Photons, electrons (ECAL)
Track measurement (TPC)
Flavour tagging (pixel detectors)
Forward region
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EoIs, LoIs, Plan and Schedule
Three groups submitted in march 2008 EoIs ILD,
SiD, 4th.C LoIs for detector technical designs
are expected march 31 2009. An LoI must
include - the description of the detector
- the list of participants and explanation of the
recources - the critical RD areas -
simulation studies to demonstrate the physics
performance - the plan for the completion of
the technical design The critical review of the
LoIs submitted will be done by the IDAG IDAG
will validate detector designs and will give
guidance for an advanced development FCAL is
expected to prepare contributions to ILD and SiD
This will be a major activity in the fall of the
year
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FCAL challenges
Precise Luminosity measurement Gauge process e
e- e e- (g)
Events
e
L N / s
Q, (rad)
Count Bhabha events
Events
From theory
Goal Precision lt10-3
Inner acceptance radius lt 10 µm Distance
between Cals. lt 600 µm Radial beam
position lt 1 mm
Translates into the following requirements
Energy (GeV)
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FCAL challenges
Electron veto copability is required from
physics down to small polar angles to suppress
background in particle searches with missing
energy signature (hermeticity)
e.g. Search for supersymmetric particles at small
Dm
Exploit longitudinal Shower profile
average tile energy subtracted

Local deposition from a single high energy
electron
Widely spread depositions from Beamstrahlung (allo
wing a bunch-by-bunch lumi estimate)
Local deposition from a single high energy
electron
Two compact (small Moliere radius) and finely
segmented electromagnetic calorimeters match
these requirements (plus a GamCal for assisting
beam tuning)
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BeamCal and LumiCal (Example LDC, 14 mrad)
LumiCal
TPC
HCAL
BeamCal
ECAL

• precise (LumiCal) and fast (BeamCal) luminosity
  measurement
• hermeticity (electron detection at low polar
  angles)
• mask for the inner detectors
• GamCal 150 m downstream for fast luminosity

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Sensor RD BeamCal

• pCVD diamonds
• radiation hardness under investigation (e.g.
• LHC beam monitors, pixel detectors)
• advantageous properties like high mobility,
• low eR 5.7, thermal conductivity
• GaAs
• semi-insulating GaAs, doped with Sn and
• compensated by Cr
• produced by the Siberian Institute of
• Technology
• SC CVD diamonds
• available in sizes of mm2
• Radiation hard silicon
• CVD Chemical Vapor Deposition

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Sensor prototypes LumiCal

• - Sensor prototypes designed
• Contacts to several manufacturers
• Tower Semiconductors Israel
• Hamamatsu
• Canbera
• Sintef

• - Fan-out design thin, low cross talk

• Design of Sensor plane prototypes, ASICS ready
  for prototypes in 2008 (EUDET)
• prototypes of a calorimeter ready for tests in
  2012/14 (depending in the support)

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FE Electronics Development

• accelerator delivers bunch trains
• High occupancy in the forward
• calorimeters - read out after each
• or a few bunch crossings,
• fast feedback

Stanford Univ.

• 32 channels per chip
• all data is read out at 10 bits
• for physics purposes
• Low latency output, sum of all
• channels is read out after each
• bx at 8 bits for beam diagnosis
• (fast feedback)
• 0.18-?m TSMC CMOS technology
• Prototype available end 2008

Cracow UST

• One FE ASIC will contain 32 64 channels,
• 10 bit
• One ADC will serve several channels
• (MC simulations Still not finished)
• AMS 0.35 mm technology
• prototypes available

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Data transfer

Need one more level in the readout architecture
for the interface to FONT and to the detector
DAQ. Design and prototyping effort
DAQ
FONT
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CLIC SBELLE
CLIC Compact Linear Collider (length lt 50 km)

• Electron-Positron Collider
• Centre-of-mass-energy 3 TeV
• gradient 100 MeV/m
• Luminosity in peak gt21034

Physics motivation "Physics at the CLIC
Multi-TeV Linear Collider report of the CLIC
Physics Working Group, CERN report 2004-5
ILC- CLIC working group (Detector) Lucie
Linsen, Francois Richard, Dieter Schlatter, Sakue
Yamada
CLIC CDR 2010 TDR
2014 Possible approval 2016 First beam
2023
Important for us Time structure of the beam
readout timing of the detector
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CLIC SBELLE
SBelle is an upgrade of KEKB Luminosity Phase 1
(2013)
Phase 2
2 x 1035 cm-2s-1
8 x 1035 cm-2s-1

• Upgrade of the detector is in the prepareation
  phase,
• Very forward region of the detector needs
  instrumentation
• Opens an opportunity to use silicon pad layers as
  under
• development for LumiCal

three layers of silicon pad rings may give the
necessary performance
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Conclusions

• Priority topics of RD within FCAL
• Refine and Complete simulations studies for
  compact and
• fast electromagnetic forward calorimeters,
  GamCal
• contribution to the LoIs
• Develop large are radiation hard sensors and
  precision
• sensors
• feasibility of a BeamCal
• Develop laser position monitoring with mm
  accuracy
• ensure precision of the Lumi
  measurment
• ASICS with high readout speed, large dynamic
  range,
• large buffering depth and low power dissipation
• prerequisite for fast, fine
  segmented and compact
• calorimeters
• Fast feedback for luminosity optimisation, fast
  data
• transmission
• new developments (eg. CLIC, sBelle) are coming
  up we have to
• react

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backup

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FCAL challenges
Energy deposition from beamstrahlung in the
innermost calorimeter (BeamCal)
Beamstrahlung is a new phenomenon at the ILC
(nm beam sizes)

• Bunches are squeezed when crossing (pinch
  effect)
• Photon radiation (at very small angle)
• Part of the photons converts to ee- pairs,
  deflected to larger angles)

A measurement of photon and pair energy allows a
bunch-by-bunch luminosity estimate
important for beam-tuning
Beam pipe
The ratio is proportional to the
luminosity Feedback for beam tuning
Dose absorbed by the sensors up to 10 MGy/year
! Radiation hard sesnors needed
For LHC people 1 MGy 1017 e-/cm2
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Structure of the detector community organsation
WWS organizers

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IDAG Members

• Experiment Detector
• Michael Danilov ITEP
• Michel Davier (Chair) Orsay
• Paul Grannis Stony Brook
• Dan Green FNAL
• Dean Karlen Victoria
• Sun-Kee Kim SNU
• Tomio Kobayashi Tokyo
• Weiguo Li IHEP
• Richard Nickerson Oxford
• Sandro Palestini CERN

Phenomenology Abdelhak Djouadi Orsay Rohini
Godbole IIS JoAnne Hewett
SLAC   Accelerator Tom Himel
SLAC Nobukazu Toge KEK Eckhard Elsen
DESY

• The ILC project is moving forward with a new plan
  stretched to 2012
• taking into account the impact of funding
  cuts in UK and US
• (to reach the goal foreseen for 2010)
• Seek for synergies with CLIC
• Synchronisation between GDE and detector
  community (led now by S. Yamada) is kept.
• Continuation and consolidation of detector
  designs with LoIs next year