Pavement Construction an introduction to pavements and the big picture

1
Pavement Constructionan introduction to
pavements and the big picture
2
In the U.S., lots of people drive.
Data from FHWA Highway Statistics 2005
3
Lots of money is in driving.
4
The U.S. has lots of roads.

• But, the U.S. ranks
• 14th in per capita car ownership (behind Belgium)
• 11th in VMT per mile of road network (behind
  Luxembourg)
• 36th for vehicles per mile of road network
  (behind Cyprus/France)

Data from the Economist Pocket World in Figures,
2008 Edition
5
About 63 of U.S. roads are paved. Thats a very
high percentage.Most (95) of paved roads have
an HMA surface.
6
Roads get a lot of use
Data from FHWA Highway Statistics 2006
7
and their use is growing. Fast.
Data from FHWA Highway Statistics 2005
8
Do pavements cost a lot? Yes
9
and no.
Woodland Park Zoo Doo Annual Spring Fecal
Fest 206.625.POOP 30 gallon trash bag 10 Zoo
Doo 67/ton
Dense-Graded HMA 2007 4th Qtr. Avg. Unit bid
price Eastern WA 51.77 Western WA
82.22 Average HMA 61.36/ton
10
Why do we need pavements and why do we make them
out of HMA and PCC?
Photo courtesy of Joe Block
11
Dirt Road Olympic Peninsula (ca. 1924)
Washington Localities Collection, UW Digital
Collections
12
Greenwood Ave. N 85th St. N. Seattle (1904)
13
Last of the mail wagons Seattle (1913)
14
Lots of horses makes lots of filth.

• Lots of horses
• 1 per 23 people (in large cities)
• Teamsters ? 328 (1870 1900)
• Filthy
• NYC sanitation removed 15,000 carcasses annually
  in the 1880s
• Each horse dropped 10 20 lbs of manure daily
• NYC manure 800,000 to 1,300,000 lbs daily
  (150,000 tons annually)
• NYC Central Park stable had a 30,000 ft3 pile of
  manure next to it

15
Horses are unhealthy, expensive and dangerous.

• Unhealthy
• Expensive
• 1,200 for a tandem in 1850
• Freight costs
• Chicago to NYC 7.50/ton (railroads)
• NYC local delivery 5.00/ton (horse power)
• Dangerous
• Traffic fatalities were higher for wagons and
  carriages than for streetcars

16
From Clay McShanes Down the Asphalt Path, The
Automobile and the American City (1994)
17
Block Boys and Horse Manure Pitt St., Sydney,
Australia (n.d.)
From the City of Sydney's Sydney Streets
exhibition (www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/history/Sy
dneyStreets)
18
Muddy Dirt Road County Road near Index, WA (1911)
UW Digital Collections
19
The pull of pavements.
From M.G. Lay, Ways of the World (1992)
20
Cobblestone Road E Republican St., Seattle
21
Macadam
22
Plank Road Front St., Port Angeles (1914)
Asahel Curtis Photo Company Collection, UW
Digital Collections
23
Woodblock Paving Macquarie St., Sydney, Australia
(1925)
From the City of Sydney's Sydney Streets
exhibition (www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/history/Sy
dneyStreets)
24
Brick Road James St. from 4th Ave., Seattle (ca.
1922)
Seattle Photograph Collection, UW Digital
Collections
25
Woodblock Paving Overlaid with Hot Mix
Asphalt Park St., Sydney, Australia (1929)
From the City of Sydney's Sydney Streets
exhibition (www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/history/Sy
dneyStreets)
26
Warrenite Pavement Bothell Rd. (1912)
Industries and Occupations Photographs, UW
Digital Collections
27
Warrenite Pavement Bothell Rd. (1912)
Industries and Occupations Photographs, UW
Digital Collections
28
Independent Asphalt Paving Co. Seattle (ca. 1907)
Seattle Photograph Collection, UW Digital
Collections
29
Types of Pavement in Major U.S. Cities
From Clay McShane, Down the Asphalt Path, the
Automobile and the American City (1994)
30
1957 PCA Illustration
31
Weve paved a lot.
32
The challenges in construction are simple in
nature but complex in execution.
Essentials Knowledgeable people Good
communication Adequate financing Innovation
Public Demands Mobility Defect-free Smoothness Spe
ed of construction Fair price