The Growth of Industry

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Chapter 19

• The Growth of Industry

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Railroads Lead the Way

• The first Transcontinental Railroad was completed
  in 1869.
• The fast-growing national rail system encouraged
  the expansion/growth of the ________
• Economy
• This railroad expansion also influenced
  consolidation, which was the practice of
  combining separate companies, in the industry

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Improving the Railroads

• Because of the growth in railroads trains would
  build their tracks differently so that only one
  specific companies train could use that track
• Railroad companies would compete with each other
  for customers

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Inventions

• Thomas Alva Edison received over 1,000 patents
  in his lifetime
• Wilbur Wright He was the first to fly in an
  engine powered plane
• Alexander Graham Bell Invented the telephone
• Henry Ford Pioneered the assembly line, he the
  Ford Model T

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Inventions 1852-1899

• Elish Otis Elevator Break
• Henry Bessemer Bessemer Process
• George Pullman Rail Sleeping Car
• Thaddeus Lowe Ice Machine
• George Westinghouse Air Break
• Stephen Dudley Field Electric Streetcar
• Alexander Graham Bell Telephone
• Thomas Alva Edison Incandescent Lightbulb
• James Ritty Cash Register
• Lewis Howad Latimer Improved Lightbulb Filament
• Jan E. Matzeliger Shoemaking Machine
• Sarah E Goode Folding Cabinet Bed
• Granville T. Woods Automatic Air Break
• Charles and J. Frank Duryea Gasoline-Powered
  Car
• John Thurman Vaccum Cleaner

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The Age of BIG BUSINESS

• Railroads were the FIRST business to form
  corporations, or incorporate soon manufacturing
  firms and other businesses would join
• Andrew Carnegie Was a large steel company owner
  as well as a philanthropist who built more than
  2,000 libraries

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The Age of BIG BUSINESS cont

• Monopoly Total control of an industry
• Example John D. Rockefeller did this by owning
  the stock and right to ALL oil companies
• Robber Baron A wealthy owner of a large
  corporation that people did not like

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Industrial Workers

• Factories and mines were unhealthy, noisy and
  unsafe places to work
• However, men women and children worked in these
  places.
• Because of these conditions unions would start to
  form
• What is a union?

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Unions

• Unions were dissatisfied workers who organized
  into groups to demand
• Better pay
• Safer conditions
• Some unions were formed based on the skills of
  certain workers these were called Trade Unions.
• People in certain crafts or trades
• Example carpentry

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Unions cont

• The Knights of Labor met secretly because their
  employer would fire those who joined unions.
• The American Federation of Labor represents
  skilled workers in a variety of crafts.
• International Ladies Garment Workers was
  formed because of the Triangle Shirt-waist
  Company fire in 1911

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The Unions Act

• Slight economic depression in the 1870s and
  1890s led companies to lower wages and fire
  workers.
• Unions responded with large strikes and sometimes
  violence
• The Haymarket Riot of 1886 would leave 11 dead
• Striking workers from McCormick Harvester Company
  gathered to protest the killing of four strikers
  from the previous day
• The police ordered the crowd to break up and
  someone threw a bomb killing seven policemen.