CS 502 Architecture of Web Information Systems Spring 2003

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CS 502Architecture of Web Information
SystemsSpring 2003
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Who am I?

• Founder of Cornell Digital Library Research Group
• http//www.cis.cornell.edu/infoscience/research/dl
  /home.html
• Member of Information Science Program
• http//www.cis.cornell.edu/infoscience/
• Director of Technology, National Science Digital
  Library
• http//www.nsdl.org
• Research areas interoperability architecture,
  metadata, content architecture
• Publications, Personal, etc.
• http//www.cs.cornell.edu/lagoze/

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Libraries vs. Web
Discovery Preservation Organization Trust Privacy
Selection Public Serice
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What is a library?

• Functions
• Selection
• Organization
• Support
• Preservation

• Characteristics
• Standardized
• Professionalized
• Service-oriented
• In it for the long-haul
• Conservative

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What is the Web?

• Decentralized/Anarchic/Illegal
• Agreements are technical (at best)
• Roles are undefined and fluid
• You dont have to be an expert (or no one knows
  you are a dog)
• Immediate
• Ephemeral

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What is a Digital Library?
Evolutionary perspective digital libraries as
institutions that are the continuation of
libraries (library automation and digitization as
the link between libraries and digital
libraries). Revolutionary perspective digital
libraries as technical/organizational/economic/leg
al layers on top of networked information (the
Web) that render existing libraries obsolete.
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What is a Digital Library?
Digital Libraries are organizations that provide
the resources, including the specialized staff,
to select, structure, offer intellectual access
to, interprete, distribute, preserve the
integrity of, and ensure the persistence over
time of collections of digital works so that they
are readily and economically available for use by
a defined community or set of communities Waters
1998
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What is a Digital Library?
A Digital Library is a collection of information
which is both digitized and organized Lesk 1997

• Lesk 1997 addresses other aspects when
  answering the questions What does it take to
  build a Digital Library?
• Digital content
• Access to content (search and retrieval)
• Preservation of content
• How to pay for digitial libraries (in parallel
  to maintaining traditional libraries)
• Social issues (access to information democracy
  resistance to reading on-line)

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What is a Digital Library?
A digital library is a managed collection of
information, with associated services, where the
information is stored in digital formats and is
accessible over a network. Arms CS502 sp00
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Many facets of the problem/solution
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Technical Trade-offs
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Course Web Resources

• http//www.cs.cornell.edu/Courses/cs502/2003SP/

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Code of Academic Integrity
http//cuinfo.cornell.edu/Academic/AIC.html
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Some Pet Peeves
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And now for some history
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Library of Alexandria

• Established by Ptolemy I in 290 BC
• 532K papyrus rolls
• Acquisition by copying mandate
• Destroyed in 490 AD during burning alive of
  Hypatia, the last keeper of the library

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Melvil Dewey

• Father of modern librarianship
• Frustrated by dedicated shelving method
• Invented method of classifying into 10 categories
• 21st edition of Dewey Classification system now
  published
• Started ALA

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S. R. Ranganathan

• Colon Classification System
• 42 main classes
• Subject classification by appending facets within
  class who, what, when, where

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Vannevar Bush

• As We May Think Atlantic Monthly 1945
• Pivotal landmark in hypertext research
• This is the essential feature of the memex. The
  process of tying two items together is the
  important thing

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Claude Shannon

• Father of Information Theory
• Seminal The Mathematical Theory of
  Communication
• Data vs. Information

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Henriette Avram

• Mother of MARC, Melvil Dewey of the 20th
  Century
• Developed MAchine Readable Cataloging (MARC)
• Allows standardization and sharing of
  bibliographic records

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J.C.R. Licklider

• Man-Computer Symbiosis
• Developed the idea of the universal network and
  interactive computing
• Developed and led ARPANET funding initiative

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Inventors of Internet

• Cerf, Kahn, Metcalfe, etc.
• Packet rather than circuit switching
• Layered protocols (TCP/IP, telnet, ftp)

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Ted Nelson

• Inventor of the notion of non-sequential
  writing and term hyptertext and hypermedia
  circa 1960
• Founder of Project Xanadu

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Gerard Salton

• Preeminent figure in modern information retrieval
• SMART information retrieval system basis of many
  well-known IR concepts
• Among founders of Cornell CS department

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Tim Berners-Lee

• Inventor of the World Wide Web CERN 1989
• First client and server 1990
• Directory of World Wide Web Consortium and
  faculty at MIT