GURU GOBIND SINGH INDRAPRASTHA UNIVERSITY

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GURU GOBIND SINGH INDRAPRASTHA UNIVERSITY

• Vision
• The University will stimulate both the hearts and
  minds of scholars, empower them to contribute to
  the welfare of the society at large train them
  to adapt themselves to the changing needs of the
  economy educate them for cultural leadership to
  ensure peace, harmony and prosperity for all

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GURU GOBIND SINGH INDRAPRASTHA UNIVERSITY

• MISSION
• The Guru Gobind Singh Indarprastha University
  shall strive hard to provide a market oriented
  professional education to the student community
  of the India in general and of Delhi in
  particular, with a view to serving the cause of
  higher education as well as to meet the needs of
  the Indian industries by promoting establishments
  of colleges and schools of studies as centres of
  excellence in emerging areas of education with
  focus on professional education in disciplines of
  engineering, technology, management, medicine,
  education, pharmacy, nursing, law etc

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BRIEF OVERVIEW

• 52 PROGRAMMES RUNNING IN 7 UNIVERSITY SCHOOLS
  AND 86 AFFILIATED COLLEGES
• IMPARTING PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION TO MORE THAN
  35000 STUDENTS
• ANNUAL INTAKE OF ABOUT 10000
• MORE PROFESSIONAL COURSES TO BE INTRODUCED

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Biofuels For the Global Environment
N. C. Gupta Guru Gobind Singh IP University Delhi
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TYPES OF BIOFUELS
BIODIESEL
BIOETHANOL
METHANOL
LANDFILL GASES
Oilseed crops are by far largest group of
exploitable renewable biomass resources for the
liquid fuel and energy generation. Their oils
have long been considered as alternative or
emergency fuels for diesel engines because they
have heat contents approx 90 of that of diesel
fuel, the transportation fuel
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WHAT IS BIODIESEL . Biodiesel is
described as the mono alkyl esters of long chain
fatty acids derived from vegetable oils, for use
in compression-ignition diesel engines
Specification for Biodiesel ..
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BIO-FUEL A VIABLE ALTERNATIVE

• 100 kg of sugarcane 38 kg. molasses by
  product
• 100 kg of molasses 24 litres of
  ethanol

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ENVIRONMENTAL ATTRIBUTES OF BIODIESEL..

• Emissions Reduction
• Substantial reduction of unburned HC, CO,PAH and
  particulate matter.
• Particulate matter produced from biodiesel
  consumption is less toxic
• and have less mutagenic potential than the
  conventional diesel emission
• Consumption of the biodiesel also reduces the
  soot production in
• comparison of the diesel
• Also,the use of biodiesel reduces CO2 in the
  atmosphere, for example
• growing soybean consumes nearly four times as
  much CO2 as the
• amount of CO2 produced from the biodiesel
  exhaust.
• The esters are advantages over diesel fuels as
  they are free from
• sulfur.The combustion of oil esters in engine
  will not produce acidic
• sulfur oxides

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BIODEGRADABILITY ..

• 95 percent of the Biodiesel degrades with in 28
  days as compare to 40 percent degradability of
  diesel fuel
• In aerobic conditions and nutrient supply (N, P),
  microorganisms will metabolize a substance to
  final products, CO2 and water.
• The percentage evolution of CO2 in biodiesel is
  same as that of diesel fuel
• Biodiesel blends accelerate the biodegradability
  of diesel.For example a 20 biodiesel blend
  degrades twice as fast as diesel.

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ENERGY BALANCE.

• Biodiesel helps preserve and protect natural
  resources.
• For every one unit of energy spent to produce
  biodiesel 3.24 units of energy are gained.This is
  the highest energy balance of any fuel.
• Because of high energy balance and domestically
  produced, biodiesel use can greatly contribute
  for the domestic energy security.

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PRESENT WORK INITIATIVES..

• There are ways of transesterfication.
• Without catalyst method yield of methyl ester
  78
• 2. Base catalyst method yield of methyl ester
  72
• 3. Acid catalyst method yield of methyl ester
  76

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THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
DENSITY  
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CALORIFIC VALUE..
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Kinematic viscosity at 40oC Kinematic viscosity
Time taken (sec) ? tube constant Tube
constant 0.2916  
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ACID VALUE..  
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FLASH POINT FIRE POINT
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COMPARISON OF FUEL PROPERTY OF DIESEL AND
BIODIESEL
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MATERIALS AND METHODS
Collection of seeds
Fig Pongamia pinnata beans
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Material and Methods
TRANSESTRIFICATION OF ESTERS OF OIL
 
Triglyceride methanol mixture of
fatty esters glycerol

100 g soybean oil 21.7 g methanol 
100.4 g biodiesel 10.4 g glycerol  10.9 g
methanol
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THERE ARE THREE METHODS OF BIODIESEL PREPARATION
? Without catalyst method ? Base catalyst
method ? Acid catalyst method
SEPARATION OF METHYL ESTER (BIODIESEL)
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General Process
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Flash point Fire point
It is a measure of volatile property and
flammability. It is used to classify flammable
liquids and therefore affects the design of
equipment and the control of potential ignition
sources. Fire point is minimum temperature
(usually 5oC higher than the flash point) at
which an oil gives off sufficient vapor which
when ignited continue to burn for at least 5
seconds is known as fire point of the oil. Flash
point and fire point are helpful in providing
safeguard against fire hazards during their
storage, transportation, handling,and use.
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Cetane Index (CI) Estimation of the Cetane
Number calculated from distillation data and
density CI 454.74 - (1641.416 x p) (774.74
x p2) - 0.554 x T50 97.803 x (log T50) 2
p is the density in g/liter at 15C T50 is the
mid-boiling point temperature in C (the
temperature at which 50 of the sample by volume
has evaporated).
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Significance of CN
A higher CN reduces ignition delay and results in
smoother combustion and lower combustion noise.
It also improves the cold starting of diesel
engines. An increase in CN produces a decrease in
NOx emissions due to lower gas temperatures and
pressures in the combustion chamber. Reductions
in CO and HC emissions have also been reported.
These benefits are less marked in new engine
designs. However benefits are not generally
achieved above a CN of about 50.
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Cold Flow Properties
Diesel fuel can have a high content of
paraffins, which starts to form wax crystals as
the fuel is cooled.This can lead to blockages of
fuel filters and interruption to fuel supply
under cold conditions. Cold flow performance is a
key requirement for diesel fuels
Cloud Point and Pour point
When oil is chilled under specified
condition,the temperature at which paraffin wax
or other solidifiable materials, normally
dissolved in the oil, begin to separate out from
solution in the form of minute crystals,causing
the oil to become less transparent, cloudy or
hazy appearance is known as the cloud point of
the oil. The lowest temperature at which oil
will flow or pour under prescribed condition when
it is cooled undisturbed at a fixed rate is
called its pour point.
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Sulphur content
Sulphur in fuel contributes to formation of
particulate matter (PM) in engine exhaust and
affects the performance of vehicle emissions
control equipment. It has an indirect effect on
emissions of CO, hydrocarbons and NOx.
Lubricity Acid value Distillation Carbon
Residue

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And hope someday in near future..
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CONCLUSIONS

• This Biodegradable transportation fuel is almost
  free from sulfur and low in PM emission
• Has About 10 built in oxygen to help it to burn
  fully
• Unlike CNG, LNG and ethanol, which require major
  modification in existing diesel, biodiesel can be
  used without major modifications.
• Needs no separate infrastructure for storage and
  dispensing and the existing tankage and stations
  of conventional diesel could be used which is not
  the case of CNG, LNG and Ethanol
• Going back to animal power for transportation
  seems distant so alternatives for petrol and
  diesel are required.
• Comparing the properties of bio-diesel with
  already used fuels, bio-diesel seems to be a
  promising fuel for the future.
• Bio-diesel can be obtained from several plants
  further research is needed to be done in this
  field.
• All over India several institutes and labs have
  initiated research in the field of bio-diesel.

THANKS