Tsunami Sumatra Dec 26 2004

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TsunamiSumatra Dec 26 2004

• François Schindelé, CEA-DASE
• Former Chairman of the International
  Co-ordination Group, Unesco/IOC/ICG/ITSU

Laura Kong, Director International Tsunami
Information Centre Unesco/IOC
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Indian Ocean Bathymetry
Subduction zone
Ocean Ridges
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Sumatra Geological Model
Kuala Lumpur
Singapore
Jakarta
50-60 mm/yr
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Sumatra Subduction Zone Cross-Section
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Subduction Zone 1. 400 Years ago 2.
Just before 26/12/04 3. 26/12/04
Earthquake then Tsunami
RELATIVE MOTION 5 cm / year
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Tsunami GENERATION
Three basic stages of tsunami behavior generation
, propagation and inundation
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26 December 2004 Tsunami
Aftershocks Rupture zone Main shock
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Seismology

• 700 stations in Japan
• Fault rupture in space and time
• 8 minutes long

Ishii et al., 2005
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26 Dec 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami
o
Data Sources UH Sea Level Center, U/Cape Town,
South African Navy Hydrographic Office, Kenya
Marine and Fisheries Inst, BAKOSURTANAL
Indonesia, NTC Australia, NARA Sri Lanka, Oman,
Tanzania, Seychelles, Maldives govts
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Modeling Global Wave Height
(NOAA PMEL)
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Tsunami impact on Sumatra Coasts

• Banda Aceh
• 12-16 m
• Lohk Nga
• water 34.6 m with 15 m wave

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Tsunami impact on Sumatra Coasts
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26 December 2004 Tsunami
Tsunami Travel Time
Colombo
2h
1h
1h 2h 3h
Coco
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Travel Time 26 December 2004
7h
Colombo
4h20
2004
Male
7h
1h
8h
2h
4h40
3h
4h
9h
Coco
5h
10h
6h
8h
7h
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Tsunami impact on Thailand Coasts
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PTWC OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIES
26 December 2004 Tsunami

• SEA LEVEL DATA
• ARRIVAL TIME
• 1) Cocos 2h20 after
• EQ
• AMPL 0.35 m
• 2) Sri-Lanka 2h40
• AMPL 2 m ?
• Same arrival time,
• Different Wave Hgt

2 m
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Numerical Modeling

• Tsunami generated by Earthquake
• 1 Generation
• Parameters Initiation

North
Strike
Dip
Dislocation
Width
Slope
M9.0 L 500
M9.3 L 1200 km
Length
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Numerical Modeling

• 2 Propagation

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PTWC OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIES
26 December 2004 Tsunami
Maximum Tsunami height (in deep ocean)
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PTWC OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIES
26 December 2004 Tsunami

• Maximum
• Tsunami height
• Directivity due to the focal mechanism
• Wave Amplitude
• very different at same distances
• ratio gt 10
• Less damage on coast at gt 500 km than in front at
  
• 4000 km

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PTWC OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIES
Alert Messages

• Directivity
• Less damage on coast at gt 500 km than in front at
  
• 4000 km
• Alert message and Action different for coasts of
  same country
• gt Every country must manage their own alert
  message definition and dissemination

Colombo
Male
1.5 m
gt 1 m
0.2 m
Coco
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26 Dec 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami
USGS NEIC
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Modeling Tsunami Propagation
Hokkaido Univ
2005 Sumatra Tsunami(M8.7)
2004 Sumatra Tsunami(M9.3)
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TsunamiSumatra Dec 26 2004

• François Schindelé, CEA-DASE
• Former Chairman of the International
  Co-ordination Group, Unesco/IOC/ICG/ITSU

Laura Kong, Director International Tsunami
Information Centre Unesco/IOC
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Indian Ocean Historical Tsunamis
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History of TSUNAMI in Pakistan 1945
PASNI
21 Nov 2156 UTC
M8.3
Karachi
Pasni
98 km SSW of Pasni 99 km SE of Gwadar408
km SW of Karachi
PASNI Wave Height 40 ft Casualties 4000
Pakistan Meteorological Department
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Tsunami Travel Time 1945
1945
1h
2h
3h
4h
5h
6h
7h
8h
9h
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(No Transcript)
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Tsunami Generation
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Tsunami Generation