Lecture 2: Fluxes, Flows and Volumes

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Lecture 2 Fluxes, Flows and Volumes

• Readings for today Applied Hydrology
• Section 6.3 on Measurement of Streamflow
• Sections 2.1 2.3 on Continuity (Water Balance)
• Arc Hydro GIS for Water Resources pp. 155-157
• Reading for Tues Applied Hydrology
• Section 2.7 2.8 Energy balance

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Watershed system
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Sample and Pulse Data
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Water Balance
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Arc Hydro Time Series Types
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Flows in 2004
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Spring Flow in 2004
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Plum Creek
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Drainage Areas
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Definitions

• Flow Volumetric discharge of water L3/T
• Flux Flow per unit area L/T
• Volume Integral of flow through time L3

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ODSS AHED Prototype Project
Prototype Area

• Prototype region includes 24 water management
  basins, including Lake Kissimmee, Lake
  Okeechobee, and Lake Istokpoga
• More than 70 water control structures managed by
  the South Florida Water Management District
  (SFWMD) within the prototype area
• Includes natural and managed waterways

Lake Kissimmee
Lake Istokpoga
Lake Okeechobee
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Objectives of the Project

• Extend the ArcHydro Framework to include the
  Operations Decision Support System (ODSS)
• Develop tools that account for rainfall
  accumulation and provide water balancing
  capabilities to the Extended ArcHydro Framework
• Develop an ODSS model that includes
  water-conveyance routing

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Questions that SFWMD wants Answered

• How much water is there?
• Where is the water in the District?
• How much water will enter the canal system?
• How can water be routed from one basin to another?

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Water Control Network
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WCU Links and Nodes
WCUNode
WCULink
Watershed to WCU
WCU to WCU
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Network Tracing
A path between Lake Kissimmee and Lake Okeechobee
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WCU Relationships
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Geospatial Time Series Object
Time Series Properties (Type)
A Value-Time array
Shape
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Time Series for RainAreas
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Rainfall Time Series for Martin St Lucie
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HydroID to FeatureID association
HydroID 1071381 Area 33314542079 ft2
Gives each time series a shape
FeatureID 1071381 HydroCode Martin-St Lucie
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TSTypeID Association
Gives each time series a type
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Time Series Object
A new time series can be created from a Arc Hydro
GDB given a FeatureID and TSTypeID

• Properties
• FeatureID HydroID of the feature related to
  the time series
• HydroCode HydroCode of the feature related to
  the time series
• TSTypeID UnquieID of the TimeSeries
• Variable Description of the TimeSeries (i.e.
  Daily Streamflow)
• Units Measurement units as a string (i.e. cfs,
  in/d)
• UnitType Measurement unit type (i.e. flow, area
  flux, volume, etc.)
• TSValues() Array of Values
• TSDateTimes() Array of DateTimes
• IsRegular Indicates if TimeSeries is measured
  regularly (boolean)
• TSOrigin Either Generated or Measured
• TSDateType Either Instantaneous,
  Cumulative, Incremental, Averaged, Min, or Max
• Methods
• AddToChartSpace Writes the time series to the
  chartspace
• WriteToGDB Writes the time series to
  an Arc Hydro geodatabase
• GetCumulativeTS Returns a new time series
  object that with its values cumulated through
  time
• GetMinDate Returns the minimum date
  in the time series
• GetMaxDate Returns the maximum date in the time
  series

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Cumulative Rainfall
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Controlled Vocabulary for Units
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Time Series Collection Object
A bag of time series objects used to compute a
new time series object

• Properties
• Variable Description of the TimeSeries (i.e.
  Daily Streamflow)
• Units Measurement units as a string (i.e. cfs,
  in/d)
• UnitType Measurement unit type (i.e. flow, area
  flux, volume, etc.)
• TSValues() Array of Values
• TSDateTimes() Array of DateTimes
• IsRegular Indicates if TimeSeries is measured
  regularly (boolean)
• TSOrigin Either Generated or Measured
• TSDateType Either Instantaneous,
  Cumulative, Incremental, Averaged, Min, or Max
• Methods
• GetTimeSeries Writes the time series to the
  chartspace
• AddTimeSeries Writes the time series to an Arc
  Hydro and whether the TS is either contribution
  or diminishing the resulting time series

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Toolbar
Chart Space
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The Toolbar

• Plot Time Series
• Plot Fluxes, Flowrates, etc.
• Set TimeSeries and TSTypeID table paths
• Show/Hide ChartSpace window

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Plot Time Series Tool
Step 1 Select layer and TSType to plot
1. Select a layer from those listed in map
2. Select a TSType (filtered for selected
layer)
3. Limit time range to plot (optional)
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Plot Time Series Tool
Step 2 Select feature to plot time series for
Map shows only features in selected Layer that
have time series
Chart is plotted according to the attributes of
the time series (averaged, instanteous, units,
etc.)
2. Select feature to plot time series for
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Plot Fluxes Flows Tool
Step 2 Select feature to plot variable(s) for
1. Select a layer from those listed in map
2. Select one or more variables to plot
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Plot Fluxes Flows Tool
Step 1 Select layer and variable(s) to plot
Map shows only features coupled to the feature
the mouse is currently over
Variables(s) are plotted for selected feature
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Cumulating Series
Cumulate a time series by right-clicking
Streamflow (cfs)
Volume (acre ft)
to
Rainfall Flux (in/day)
Cumulative Rainfall (in)
to
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Chart Overview
TimeSeries UnitType
ChartSpace can contain multiple charts each with
a unique value axis
TimeSeries Units
TimeSeries Variable
Features HydroCode
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Scaling the Time Axis
By right-click on the charts time axis, one can
aggregate the data to a new time scale.
Daily Averaged
Weekly Averaged
Monthly Averaged
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Flux to Flowrate
Flux is related to a geometry allowing the
transformation of a flux time series to a
flowrate time series on the fly
Evaporative Flux (mm/day)
Flow (cfs)
Evaporation Flow in cfs
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Water Balancing

• Break water movement into two components Horizont
  al W.B. (canal system)
• Vertical W.B. (rainfall,
  evapotranspiration)
• Horizontal water movement into and out of a WCU
  is measured at points and is measured as flow
  ft3/s
• Vertical water movement into and out of a WCU is
  measured at points, or over areas, and is
  measured as a flux in/d

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Water Balancing
Control Volume for water balancing is a Water
Control Unit. qVin rain QHin structure flow
in qVout ETp QHout structure flow out
Change in Storage
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Volume Storage Over a WCU C41A-North
Total Net Inflow
Horizontal Net Inflow
Vertical Net Inflow
1 year Nov 1, 2002 30 Oct 2003