Columbia River Corridor

1

• Columbia River Overview
• Superfund Process
• Conceptual Site Models
• Data Gap Analysis

2
Woodard Curran Used a Phased Approach Focusing
on Analytes and Areas

• Phase 1 - Define study area
• Phase 2 - Compile existing data
• Phase 3 - Review existing reports
• Including relevant risk assessments
• Phase 4 - Screen specific analytes against
  criteria
• Phase 5 Evaluate existing data by area
• Phase 6 - Identify potential data gaps

3
Columbia River Sampling Points
Focus study area - Priest Rapids to McNary Dam
4
1964 and 1976 Core Sampling is Instrumental in
Understanding Radionuclide Deposition

• Nelson/Robertson completed core samples in
  sediment at downstream dams
• Estimated depositional rate shows conflicting
  timing not significant to sediment profile
• Robertson completed a total inventory of
  radionuclide in sediment behind McNary Dam

5
Estimated Inventories of Radionuclides Behind
McNary Dam as Sampled in 1976
Robertson, 1977
Data Value in Curies
6
Percentage Radionuclides Remaining in 2007 after
Half-life Decay
7
Cesium-137 Concentrations at Depth Intervals
Behind Columbia River Dams
Columbia River Component Data Evaluation Summary
Report July 2006
8
Cesium-137 Concentrations Behind Columbia River
Dams with Depth
Columbia River Component Data Evaluation Summary
Report July 2006
9
Plutonium-239/240 Relative Concentrations Behind
Columbia River Dams With Depth
Columbia River Component Data Evaluation Summary
Report July 2006
10
Cobalt-60 and Cesium-137 Measurements Behind
McNary Dam From 1942 to Present
Columbia River Component Data Evaluation Summary
Report July 2006
11
Cobalt-60 Relative Concentrations Behind Columbia
River Dams with Depth
Columbia River Component Data Evaluation Summary
Report July 2006
12
Support for Priest Rapids Dam to McNary Dam Study
Area

• Dam Construction vs. Inventory Radionuclide
  Production
• Numerous studies demonstrate highest Hanford
  related inventory present behind McNary Dam
• Nelson 1964 measurements made indicate that
  extensive permanent sedimentation occurs only
  in the reservoir of the McNary Dam and in the
  estuary.
• Robertson 1977 the total inventory of
  radionuclides in the sediments behind McNary Dam,
  which has been shown during this and earlier
  studies to be the major reservoir of residual
  Hanford origin radionuclides in the Columbia
  River system.
• WDH 1994 In all cases the highest
  concentrations were found in McNary sediments.
• Cooperative Environmental Monitoring Project 2005
  The concentrations of most radionuclides in
  the lower Columbia River sediments were similar
  to background values measured upstream of the
  Hanford site.

13
Hanford Reach Cross-Section Study Area Definition
West
East
Columbia River
14
Hanford Reach Islands

• Data Gap focus area includes the islands along
  the Hanford Reach. Data gaps have been
  separately addressed for each island based on the
  following criteria
• Is there a source directly up stream?
• Has Island been characterized in previous
  studies?
• Are there potential exposure routes?

15
Criteria for Identifying Data Gaps Columbia River
Corridor
1. Identify human health and ecological screening
criteria for surface water and sediments.
2. Compile comprehensive database and review
existing documentation for CRC.
3. Compare existing data by media and criteria.
Do results exceed criteria?
4. Are detections above PQLs?
5. Is analyte known site contaminant (e.g., COPC)?
6. Do results exceed upstream or background
concentrations?
7. Is source and/or migration of contaminant
covered under other Operable Unit?
8. Has media and or analyte been adequately
addressed in previous study (e.g., previous
risk assessment concluded no unacceptable risk)?
9. Is there sufficient data to meet project
objectives?
10. Develop DQO document to adequately evaluate
the nature and distribution of COPCs.
16
Step 1a Identify Risk Screening Criteria

• Existing data was compared against applicable
  risk criteria by media
• 100/300 Area Risk Assessment
• USEPA Region 6
• WDOE CLARC
• MCLs
• NRWQC
• Note Region 10 recommends use of Region 6
  screening criteria

17
Step 1a Human Health Screening Criteria by Media
100/300 Area RA
100/300 Area RA
18
Step 1b - Identify Ecological Screening Criteria

• Existing data is compared against applicable
  ecological criteria by media
• 100/300 Area Risk Assessment
• EPA SSLs
• WDOE CLARCS

19
Step 1b - Identify Ecological Screening Criteria
by Media
100/300 Area RA
100/300 Area RA
100/300 Area RA
20
Step 2 - Compile existing data

• Combined three extensive databases
• WCH CRC data base
• GiSdt Data 100/300 Area RCBRA Data Management
  web-based
• USACE data
• Totals
• Surface water
• 5,832 sample locations
• 54,286 analytical results
• Sediment
• 2,710 sample locations
• 40,993 analytical results

21
Existing Biota Data

• Several biota sampling events have been completed
  within the Study Area. These data have been
  reviewed as part of this data gaps analysis.
• Additional biota sampling will be considered
  during the DQO process and during the problem
  formulation phase of the Ecological Risk
  Assessment.

22
Step 3 Data Assessment

• Existing data is compared to Human Health and
  Ecological Screening Criteria
• Do analytes exceed applicable HH or Eco criteria?
• Yes retain for further evaluation
• No not a data gap

23
Step 4 Review Data for QA/QC

• Results are compared to laboratory QA/QC
• Are detections above PQLs and exceed applicable
  HH or Eco criteria?
• Yes retain for further evaluation
• No retain for further evaluation
• Was analyte reported in laboratory blank?
• Yes possible laboratory contaminant
• No retain for further evaluation

24
Step 5 Site Related Contaminant

• Based on previous sampling results or operational
  history, is analyte known to be site-related?
• Yes COPC and retain for further evaluation
• No not a data gap
• If frequency of detection is less than 5
  excluded compound not a data gap (EPA RAGs, 1989)

25
Step 6 Background Results

• When sample results are compared to background or
  upstream results, do results exceed average
  background conditions?
• Yes COPC and retain for further evaluation
• No not a data gap

26
Step 7 Covered Under Other Study Areas and
Other Assessments

• Is source and/or migration of contaminant covered
  under study area and other assessments?
• Yes not data gap
• No COPC and retain for further evaluation

27
Step 8 Already Addressed

• Has media and or analyte been adequately
  addressed in previous study?
• Yes not data gap
• No COPC and retain for further evaluation

28
Step 9 Identified as Data Gap

• Is there sufficient data to meet project
  objectives?
• Yes not data gap
• No continue to DQO process

29
Step 9 Identified as Data Gap

• Data gaps fall within two categories
• 1. Areas or analytes that have not been
  previously studied. Example areas along the east
  side of the river.
• 2. Areas that need additional data to meet
  DQOs development

30
Step 10 Develop DQOs

• Identified data gaps will need to be addressed.
• To ensure data collected meets the needs of its
  intended end use, a data quality objective
  analysis will be completed for all identified
  data gaps.

31
Data Assessment Results Sediments - Inorganics
List of COPCs
Ecological Aluminum Antimony Arsenic Barium Bery
llium Cadmium Chromium Copper Hexavalent-Chromium
Iron Manganese Lead Lithium Mercury Molybdenum Ni
ckel Selenium Silver Thallium Zinc

• Human Health
• Aluminum
• Antimony
• Arsenic
• Barium
• Beryllium
• Boron
• Cadmium
• Chromium
• Cobalt
• Copper
• Fluoride
• Hexavalent-Chromium
• Iron
• Lead
• Manganese
• Mercury
• Molybdenum

32
Data Assessment Results Sediments - Inorganics
Elements That Exceed Screening
Criteria
Ecological Aluminum Antimony Barium Cadmium Manga
nese Nickel Silver Zinc
Human Health Antimony Arsenic Chromium Iron Manga
nese Vanadium
33
Elements That Exceed Screening Criteria and
Background
Data Assessment Results Sediments - Inorganics
Ecological Antimony Barium Cadmium Manganese
Nickel Zinc
Human Health Arsenic Chromium Manganese
34
Potential Inorganic Sources - Sediments
35
CSM Inorganic Sources - Sediments
Irrigation Arsenic Barium Zinc
Upstream and Natural
Arsenic Cadmium Manganese Nickel Zinc
Site-Related Arsenic Barium Chromium Manganese
36
Data Assessment Results Sediments - Organics
List of COPCs
Human Health
Ecological
Acenaphthene Acenaphthylene Acetone Aldrin Anthrac
ene Aroclor 1242 Aroclor 1248 Aroclor
1254 Aroclor 1260 Aroclor 1262 Benzene Benzo(a)ant
hracene Benzo(a)pyrene Benzo(b)fluoranthene Benzo(
ghi)perylene Benzo(k)fluoranthene Alpha-BHC beta-1
,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane Delta-BHC Bis(2-e
thylhexyl) phthalate 1-Butanol 2-Butanone 2-Butoxy
ethanol Butylbenzylphthalate 2-secButyl-4,6-dinitr
ophenol(DNBP) Carbazole Carbon disulfide Carbon
tetrachloride Cyanide
Acenaphthene Acenaphthylene Anthracene Benzo(a)ant
hracene Benzo(a)pyrene Benzo(b)fluoranthene Benzo(
ghi)perylene Benzo(k)fluoranthene Chrysene Fluoran
thene Fluorene Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene Naphthalene
Phenanthrene Aroclor-1248 Aroclor-1254 Aroclor-126
0 Aldrin Alpha-BHC alpha-Chlordane beta-1,2,3,4,5,
6-Hexachlorocyclohexane Delta-BHC Dichlorodiphenyl
dichloroethane Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene Di
chlorodiphenyltrichloroethane Dieldrin
37
List of COPCs (continued)
Human Health
Ecological
Chlordane Chloroform Chrysene Dalapon Dicamba Dich
lorodiphenyldichloroethane Dichlorodiphenyldichlor
oethylene Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane 2,4-Dich
lorophenoxyacetic acid 4-(2,4-Dichlorophenoxy)buta
noic acid Dibenza,hanthracene Dibenzofuran Di-n-
butylphthalate 1,4-Dichlorobenzene 1,2-Dichloroeth
ane cis-1,2-Dichloroethene Dichloroprop Dieldrin D
iethyl ether Diethylphthalate Di-n-octylphthalate
Endosulfan I Endosulfan II Endosulfan
sulfate Endrin Endrin aldehyde Endrin
ketone Ethylene glycol Fluoranthene
Endosulfan I Endosulfan II Endosulfan
sulfate Endrin aldehyde Endrin ketone gamma-Chlord
ane Heptachlor Heptachlor epoxide Methoxychlor 2-M
ethylnaphthalene Bis(2-ethylhexyl)
phthalate Carbazole Dibenzofuran Diethylphthalate
Di-n-butylphthalate Phenol Pentachlorophenol Fluor
ide Nitrogen in Nitrate Nitrogen in Nitrite
Fluorene Heptachlor Heptachlor epoxide Indeno(1,2,
3-cd)pyrene Isophorone Methoxychlor Methyl
isobutyl ketone Methylenechloride 2-Methylnaphthal
ene 34 Methylphenol (cresol, mp) Naphthalene Pen
tachlorophenol Phenanthrene Phenol Picloram Pyrene
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane Tetrachloroethene Tolue
ne Trichloroethene Trichloromonofluoromethane 2,4,
5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2-(2,4,5-Trichloroph
enoxy)propionic acid
38
Data Assessment Results Sediments - Organics
Compounds That Exceed Screening
Criteria
Human Health
Ecological

• Benzo(a)pyrene
• Benzo(a)anthracene
• Benzo(b)fluoranthene
• Benzo(k)fluoranthene
• Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
• Cyanide

Endosulfan I Endosulfan II
detected at less than 5 and are not from
on-site sources, therefore eliminated as data
gaps.
39
Data Assessment Results Sediments - Organics
Compounds That Exceed Screening Criteria and
Background

• No Data Gaps
• PCB Discussion

40
PCB Discussion

• PCB results are all non-detect in sediment and
  surface water
• PCBs detection level is higher than screening
  level
• PCBs were used in localized areas at Hanford
  Reservation
• PCB issue will be addressed in the 100/300 Area
  risk assessment
• PCBs have been detected in fish in the Columbia
  River
• PCB congener data may be a data gap will be
  discussed during DQO process

41
Data Assessment Results Sediments -
Radionuclide
List of COPCs
Human Health
Ecological

• Americium-241
• Carbon-14
• Cesium-137
• Cobalt 60
• Europium-152
• Europium-154
• Europium-155
• Nickel-63
• Plutonium 238
• Plutonium-239/240
• Plutonium-241
• Potassium-40
• Radium-226
• Radium-228
• Strontium-90
• Tritium
• Thorium-228
• Thorium-232

Americium-241 Carbon-14 Cesium-137 Cesium-134 Cob
alt 60 Europium-152 Europium-154 Europium-155 N
ickel-63 Plutonium 238 Plutonium-239/240 Plutonium
-241 Potassium-40 Radium-226 Radium-228 Strontium-
90 Tritium Thorium-228 Thorium-232 Uranium-233/234
Uranium-235 Uranium-238
42
Data Assessment Results Sediments -
Radionuclide
Compounds That Exceed Screening Criteria
Human Health
Ecological
Europium-152

• Cesium-137
• Cobalt-60
• Europium-152
• Strontium-90
• Thorium-232
• Uranium-234
• Uranium-238

maximum concentrations reported above Ice
Harbor Dam
43
Data Assessment Results Sediments -
Radionuclide
Compounds That Exceed Screening Criteria and
Background
Human Health
Ecological
No data gaps

• Cobalt-60
• Europium-152
• Thorium-232
• Uranium-234
• Uranium-238

44
Potential Radionuclide Sources - Sediments
45
CSM Radionuclide Sources - Sediments
Atmospheric Fallout Europium-152
Upstream and Natural Europium-152 U-234 U-238
Site-Related CO-60 EU-152 Thorium-232 U-234 U-238
46
Data Assessment Results Surface Water-
Inorganics
List of COPCs
Human Health
Ecological

• Aluminum
• Antimony
• Arsenic
• Barium
• Beryllium
• Boron
• Cadmium
• Chromium
• Cobalt
• Copper
• Hexavalent-Chromium
• Iron
• Lead
• Lithium
• Manganese
• Molybdenum
• Nickel
• Selenium
• Silver

Aluminum Antimony Arsenic Barium Beryllium Cadmiu
m Chromium Cobalt Copper Cyanide Iron Hexavalent-C
hromium Lead Manganese Mercury Nickel Selenium
Silver Thallium Tin Uranium Vanadium Zinc
47
Data Assessment Results Surface Water-
Inorganics
Compounds That Exceed Screening Criteria
Human Health
Ecological
Aluminum Antimony Barium Beryllium Cadmium Chromi
um Copper Cyanide Iron Lead Manganese Mercury Sele
nium Silver Uranium Vanadium Zinc

• Antimony
• Arsenic
• Beryllium
• Copper
• Lead
• Thallium

48
Data Assessment Results Surface Water-
Inorganics
Elements That Exceed Screening Criteria and
Background
Human Health
Ecological

• Antimony
• Arsenic

Aluminum Barium Cadmium Chromium Copper Lead Mang
anese Zinc
49
Potential Inorganic Sources Surface Water
50
Data Assessment Results Surface Water - Organics
List of COPCs
Human Health
Ecological
Acenaphthene Acenaphthylene Anthracene Benzo(a)ant
hracene Benzo(a)pyrene Benzo(b)fluoranthene Benzo(
ghi)perylene Benzo(k)fluoranthene Chrysene Cyanide
Fluoranthene FluoreneIndeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene Napht
halene Phenanthrene Aroclor-1248 Aroclor-1254 Aroc
lor-1260 Aldrin Alpha-BHC alpha-Chlordane

• Acenaphthene
• Acenaphthylene
• Anthracene
• Benzo(a)anthracene
• Benzo(a)pyrene
• Benzo(b)fluoranthene
• Benzo(ghi)perylene
• Benzo(k)fluoranthene
• Chrysene
• Fluoranthene
• FluoreneIndeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene
• Naphthalene
• Phenanthrene
• Aroclor-1248
• Aroclor-1254
• Aroclor-1260
• Aldrin
• Alpha-BHC
• alpha-Chlordane

51
List of COPCs (continued)
Ecological
Human Health
beta-1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane Delta-BHC D
ichlorodiphenyldichloroethane Dichlorodiphenyldich
loroethylene Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane Dield
rin Endosulfan I Endosulfan II Endosulfan
sulfate Endrin aldehyde Endrin ketone gamma-Chlord
ane Heptachlor Heptachlor epoxide Methoxychlor 2-M
ethylnaphthalene Bis(2-ethylhexyl)
phthalate Carbazole Dibenzofuran Diethylphthalate
Di-n-butylphthalate Phenol Pentachlorophenol Fluor
ide Nitrogen in Nitrate Nitrogen in Nitrite
beta-1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane Delta-BHC D
ichlorodiphenyldichloroethane Dichlorodiphenyldich
loroethylene Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane Dield
rin Endosulfan I Endosulfan II Endosulfan
sulfate Endrin aldehyde Endrin ketone gamma-Chlord
ane Heptachlor Heptachlor epoxide Methoxychlor 2-M
ethylnaphthalene Bis(2-ethylhexyl)
phthalate Carbazole Dibenzofuran Diethylphthalate
Di-n-butylphthalate Phenol Pentachlorophenol Fluor
ide Nitrogen in Nitrate Nitrogen in Nitrite
52
CSM Inorganic Sources Surface Water
Irrigation Aluminum Arsenic Barium Cadmium Zinc
Upstream and Natural Aluminum Antimony Arsenic Ba
rium Cadmium Lead Manganese Zinc
Site-Related Arsenic Barium Chromium Manganese
53
Data Assessment Results Surface Water - Organics
Compounds That Exceed Screening Criteria
Human Health
Ecological

• Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene
• Dieldrin
• 1,1,2- trichloroethane
• 1,2-dichloroethane
• Chloroform
• Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate

Cyanide Methoxychlor TPH
54
Data Assessment Results Surface Water - Organics
Compounds That Exceed Screening Criteria and
Background
Human Health
Ecological

• 1,1,2- trichloroethane
• 1,2-dichloroethane
• Chloroform

No Data Gaps
55
Potential Organic Sources Surface Water
56
CSM Organic Sources Surface Water
Site-Related (300 Area Only) 1,1,2 TCA 1,2
DCA Chloroform
57
Data Assessment Results Surface Water -
Radionuclide
List of COPCs
Human Health
Ecological

• Americium-241
• Cesium-137
• Europium-154
• Strontium-90
• Thorium-232
• Tritium
• Uranium-234
• Uranium-235
• Uranium-238

Cesium-134 Cesium-137 Plutonium-239/240 Potassium
-40 Radium-226 Radium-228 Strontium-90 Thorium-228
Thorium-232 Uranium-233/234 Uranium-235 Uranium-2
38
58
Data Assessment Results Surface Water -
Radionuclide
Elements That Exceed Screening Criteria
Human Health
Ecological

• Americium-241
• Cesium-137
• Europium-154
• Strontium-90
• Thorium-232
• Tritium
• Uranium-234
• Uranium -238

Cesium-134 Radium-226 Radium-228 Uranium-238
59
Data Assessment Results Surface Water -
Radionuclide
Elements That Exceed Screening Criteria and
Background
Human Health
Ecological

• Strontium-90
• Tritium
• Uranium-234
• Uranium-238

None
60
Potential RadionuclideSources Surface Water
61
CSM Radionuclide Sources Surface Water
Atmospheric Fallout SR-90 Tritium
Naturally Occurring Tritium U-234 U-238
Site-Related Strontium-90 Tritium U-234 U-238
62
Sediment Data Gap Summary -Inorganics
63
Sediment Data Gap Summary -Inorganics

• See Map Package 1

64
Surface Water Data Gap Summary -Inorganics
65
Surface Water Data Gap Summary -Inorganics

• See Map Package 2

66
Sediment Data Gap Summary -Organics
67
Surface Water Data Gap Summary -Organics
68
Surface Water Data Gap Summary-Organics

• See Map Package 3

69
Sediment Data Gap Summary -Radionuclide
70
Sediment Data Gap Summary -Radionuclide

• See Map Package 4

71
Surface Water Data Gap Summary -Radionuclide
72
Surface Water Data Gap Summary -Radionuclide

• See Map Package 5

73
Potential Data Gaps to Discuss During DQO Process

• Sediment and Surface Water sampling on the east
  side of river.
• Sediment sampling at previously uncharacterized
  islands
• PCB congener sampling (pending outcome of 100/300
  risk assessment)

74

• Next Steps / Path Forward

• Closing Statements / Feedback