Title: Feasibility Study of Jute Products with a view to develop Ecolabel Criteria through LCA and stakehol
1Feasibility Study of Jute Products with a view
to develop Ecolabel Criteria through LCA and
stakeholder consultation
Jute Floor covering
Jute Yarn
www.jute.com/ecolabel
Jute Hessian
Jute Geotextiles
a natural fiber
Food Grade Jute Bag
Shopping bag
2Table of Content
- Preamble and Introduction to Jute, a natural
fiber - Product categories
- Stakeholder Consultation
- Market survey of Jute
- Suppliers of Jute
- Life cycle environmental impacts
- Potential for Improvement
- Availability of data
- Current National and International legislation
and agreements
3Preamble
- Jute Manufactures Development Council (JMDC),
Ministry of Textiles, Government of India has
retained PwC Sustainable Business Solutions India
to conduct the study on Life Cycle Analysis
Study of Jute to develop a Ecolabel. The purpose
of this ecolabel is to harness the emerging green
markets in the European Union and the USA. These
markets have a growing green customer base for
sustainable and eco-friendly products. A type I
ecolabel is envisaged that follows ISO 14024
requirements and ISO 14040 based LCA is used to
frame the initial environmental criteria. As
required in section 6.2 of this standard, a
consultation with interested parties is needed
in establishing product environmental criteria
and product function characteristics. This
document presents a summary of the product
category proposals for ecolabel based on the
feasibility study conducted.
4Jute a natural fibre
- Jute is one of the most versatile natural fibres
having applications in packaging, textiles and
non-textile sectors. Jute is predominantly a rain
fed annual crop. Its cultivation is
labour-intensive. Jute has a significant impact
in Indias economy, providing sustenance to more
than 4 million people including jute farmers,
workmen, labourers and self employed artisans and
weavers, especially in the Eastern and
North-eastern parts of India, where it is the
mainstay of the agro based industries. World
over, it has been recognized that jute and allied
fibres occupy a unique position as eco-friendly,
bio-degradable renewable natural fibres with
substantial value addition at each stage of
processing. Please visit the following websites
for more information on Jute from India
www.jute.com www.jmdcindia.com. -
5Objectives of the consultation process
- The aims and objectives of this feasibility study
leading to the consultation process are - to determine, for eco-labelling purposes, the
structure of the eco-label to be established for
selected six Jute products (Yarn, Hessian, Food
grade jute bag, Jute geotextiles, Floor covering
and shopping bag) - to have a preliminary understanding of the
environmental impacts that occur in the lifecycle
of the recommended product group and to inform
the selection of the environmental criteria. - to identify specific jute product related
disposal protocols in EU and USA
6Product categories
- A stakeholder meeting with the participating jute
industry representatives was held in Februrary
2005 in Kolkata, India. Based on experience of
the exporters and detailed interviews with them,
the following jute product categories were
proposed that could be amenable for inclusion in
the ecolabel. The product categories suggested
are also indicated - Jute Yarn - yarns
- Jute Hessian - packaging material
- Food grade jute bag - food grade grain packaging
material - jute geotextile - Geotextile
- Jute Floor - Floor covering
- Jute Shopping bag - shopping bag or carry bag
7Market survey overall jute consumption trend
globally
Jute products exports from India in 2006-07
8Market survey for Yarn
Yarn is consumed mostly by Belgium. Yarn has a
growing market in the EU and in other parts of
the world Including in the USA. Europe which was
the largest producer and user of jute yarn is now
dependent on the imported jute yarn mainly form
the jute producing countries of Bangladesh and
India.
9Market survey for Yarn
Share of Jute Yarn in total Export of Jute
Products from India
SourceJute, Kenaf, Sisal Abaca, Coir and Allied
Fibres, Statistics, June 2005, Published by FAO
The trend in the overall exports of jute yarns as
shown in the table resulted from an increase from
79.2 MT in 1998-99 to 65.4 MT in 2004-2005 (July-
December) reflecting a growth rate of 9.8. this
is an encouraging phenomenon for the jute yarn,
amongst the other jute products globally traded.
10Market survey for Hessian
- EU and USA are clearly growing markets.
- UK is important from consumption point of view.
- Turkey and Belgium are important markets.
- From environmental awareness point of view,
Germany is important.
11Market Survey of Food grade Jute Bag
- Globally synthetic packaging materials such as
polypropylene sacks have been widely accepted for
the packaging of agricultural commodities. In the
developed countries mechanized bulk handling has
also affected the use of Hessian and sacking. - India has a success story of developing RBO
technology (IJIRA) for developing hydrocarbon
free bags particularly used for packing edible
commodities. - It has been made mandatory by the International
Cocoa Organization for the packaging of Cocoa.
These bags meet the international specifications
of packaging. - Besides, producers of cocoa, Coffee, hazelnuts,
almonds, Brazilnuts may also feel the utility of
packaging these commodities in food grade jute
bags. - India exports of these bags have increased from
2400 MT in 1999-2000 to 14200 MT in 2000-01 but
declined to 5118 MT in 2001-2002
12Market survey for Jute Geo Textiles
Jute based Geotextile has a huge market
potential, only 1 is Jute at present. The
synthetic material market can also potentially
switch to more Environment friendly JGT if the
functional requirements are met.
13Market survey for Jute Floor covering
- India is the major exporter of floor covering and
the value of exports have doubled from INR 487.1
million in 1999-2000 to INR 1043.7 million in
2003-2004.
In west Europe, Northern America, Japan, and
Developed countries the use of the other textile
mostly broadloom (Wall to wall), floor coverings
(tufted, woven, needle-felt, bonded and knitted
carpets) is most important. In developed
countries, particularly USA and Germany, there is
a high degree of awareness about the dangers of
indoor air pollution. Specifically, synthetic
wall to wall carpeting in association with carpet
glues has been associated with emission of toxic
fumes in homes and business in these countries.
Accordingly, there is a strong demand for many
natural fibre flooring products. Buyers
interested in natural fibres carpets also need
detailed information regarding the chemical
content of the carpets. They ask questions
regarding insecticides, organic fertilizers,
dyes, bleaches and carpet disposability. All
these issues must be satisfactorily addressed
before sales of jute carpets, can reach their
full potential. People who purchase carpets read
the labels carefully. This is partly because
carpets are considered a rather expensive luxury
item. Information that must be included on the
label are cleaning instructions, flammability
information, country of origin, fibre content and
any special care instructions
14Market survey for Jute Shopping bag
Shopping bags clearly have an increasing trend in
exports (From INR 286.2 million in 1999-2000 to
INR 1065.7 million in 2003-04)
15Jute Product Supply chain
Reuse, recycle or disposal Waste recyclers and
disposal authority
Raw Jute fibre producer Farmers (Unorganized
sector)
Use of Jute products Buyers Association and
end users
Primary and secondary market raw jute supplier
Jute conventional product manufacturer Jute mills
Jute diversified products SMEs (Unorganised
sector)
16Suppliers in the market place
- The Unorganized agricultural sector farmers
grow jute and typically sell to primary jute
markets - The jute merchants form the link between the
manufacturers and farmers - Jute conventional product manufacturers jute
mills domestic and foreign producer and medium
size enterprises procure raw jute from jute
merchants - Jute diversified product manufacturer small and
medium size enterprises procure basic processed
jute (hessians and yarns) for value addition to
bags, carpets etc. - Buyers association who actually source jute
products from manufacturer and supplies to the
end user. - After the useful life, most jute products can be
reused, recycled or disposed through a waste
manager as a municipal waste - Jute that is wasted can be sent to a waste to
energy plant as a climate neutral energy source
or disposed in a landfill with methane capture
17Life Cycle Impacts(Hessian)
Jute cultivation
Social and environmental impacts
Manufacturing Process
Resource Recovery
Climate neutral energy
Durability Performance
Packaging Shipping
Use
Environmental Impacts to consumer
18LCA Jute Product Example
LCA is product specific (Hessian, IS 2818 I-IV,
40 , 8 OZ., 9 x10). Every product stage is
evaluated against each environmental impact
category as shown below.
19Environmental Impact of Jute Hessian
Note source based on LCI studies X minor
environmental impact XX medium environmental
impact XXX major environmental impact n/a
information not available
20Potential and need for Improvement
21Potential and need for Improvement (Contd.)
22Availability of data
23Current Indian legislation for Jute
Jute related
24Current Indian legislation for Jute
- Water Act and amendments
- The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution)
Cess Act, 1977, - The Air Act and amendments
- Environmental (Protection) Act and rules
- Prohibition on the handling of Azodyes Rules
- The Manufacture, Storage and import of Hazardous
Chemical Rules, 1989 and Amendment rules 2000 - The Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling)
Rules, 1989 and Amendment rules 2000 and 2003 - Notification regarding Dumping and disposal of
fly ash discharged from coal or lignite based
thermal power plants on land - S.O.123(E), 14/2/2000 - Noise Pollution
(Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 and
Amendment rules 2002 - The Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991,
Amended, 1992/ Rules1991 as amended, 1993. - The Indian Electricity Act, 2003 Rules 1956 as
amended in 2002 - Contract Labour (Regulation Abolition) Act, 970
Its Central Rule 1971 - The WorkmensCompensation Act 1923 as amended up
to 2002/ Rules, 1923 as amended, 1998 - The Factories Act 1948 (as amended till 2001)
- The Boilers Acts 1923 (as amended in 1962)
Rules 1950
25Current Indian legislation for Jute
The Child Labour Prohibition and Regulation Act
1986 The Equal Remuneration Act, 1976 The Minimum
Wages Act, 1948 The Plantations Labour Act,
1951 The Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 Contract
Labour (Regulation Abolition) Act, 1970 Its
Central Rule 1971 The Workmens Compensation
Act 1923 as amended up to 2002/ Rule 1923 as
amended, 1998 The Payment of wages Act, 1936 The
Employers Provident Funds Miscellaneous Funds
Act, 1952 The Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 The
Industrial Employment Standing Orders Act,
1946 The Indian Electricity Act, 2003 Rules
1956 as amended in 2002 The Personal Injuries
(Compensation Insurance) Act, 1963 The Trade
Unions Act, 1926 Labour Welfare Fund Act, 1959
Rules (some states) Dangerous Machines Act
Rules Employers Liability Act Payment of Bonus
Act Payment of Bonus Rules Employees
Provident Fund Scheme
26International Treaties / Conventions /
Declarations India signatory
- The following Treaties/ conventions/ declarations
are signed by India - Agenda 21
- Rio Declaration
- Stockholm 1972
- Convention on Biological Diversity
- Convention to Combat Desertification
- Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic
Pollutants (POPs), (signed by India, but yet to
be ratified) - Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety
- The Basel Convention on the Control of
Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes - Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
- Convention on International Trade in Endangered
Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) - World Trade Agreement
- Helsinki Protocol to LRTAP on the Reduction of
Sulphur Emissions or their Transboundary Fluxes
by at least 30 percent - Sofia Protocol to LRTAP concerning the Control of
Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides or their
Transboundary Fluxes (NOx Protocol) - Geneva Protocol to LRTAP concerning the Control
of Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds or
their Transboundary Fluxes (VOCs Protocol) - United Nations Conference on the Human
Environment
27Packaging and Waste laws in EU and USA
- EU specific
- Dyes that is carcinogenic, mutagenic or toxic to
reproduction Council Directive 67/548/EEC of 27
June 1967 on the approximation of the laws,
regulations and administrative provisions
relating to the classification, packaging and
labelling of dangerous substances (1), and its
subsequent amendments. - Directive on the landfill of waste COM (91) 102
(OJ C 190, 22.7.91) as amended by COM (93) 275 - 1999/31/EC- Landfill Directive
- Statutory Instrument 2002 No. 2980
- The Waste Incineration (England and Wales)
Regulations 2002 - EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND COUNCIL DIRECTIVE
94/62/EC of 20 December 1994 on packaging and
packaging waste - LANDFILL DIRECTIVE
- REGULATORY GUIDANCE NOTE 5 (version 1.2 January
2003) - Waste Framework directive, (75/442)
- Hazardous wate directive (91/689)
- EWC (2001)- included hazourdous and non hazardous
into one consolidated list - Landfill regulation , 2002
- UK specific
- The Producer Responsibility Obligations
(Packaging Waste) Regulations 1997 (as amended) - the Producer Responsibility Obligations
(Packaging Waste)(Amendment) Regulations SI 1999
No. 1361 - the Producer Responsibility Obligations
(Packaging Waste)(Amendment)(No.2) Regulations SI
1999 No. 3447 - the Producer Responsibility Obligations
(Packaging Waste)(Amendment)(England and Wales)
Regulations SI 2000 No.3375.
28Packaging and Waste laws in EU and USA
- USA specific
- Identification of Solid and Hazardous Wastes (40
CFR Part 261) - Land Disposal Restrictions (LDRs) (40 CFR Part
268) - Used Oil Management Standards (40 CFR Part 279)
- Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation and Liability Act - Emergency Planning And Community Right-To-Know
Act - Clean Water Act
- Safe Drinking Water Act
- Toxic Substances Control Act
- Clean Air Act
- Clean Water Act (CWA)
- Clean Air Act (CAA)
- Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) ,
1976
29Questionnaire for stakeholder consultation
- Questionnaire please mark one or more options
- Q1. Do you consider jute to be eco-friendly
alternative to synthetic products? Please
explain. (To know more about Indian jute please
visit http//www.jmdcindia.com) - Q2. What do you think are the major economic and
environmental barriers to the use of jute? - a) plastic and other synthetics are cheaper
- b) synthetics are easier to recycle and/or
dispose as compared to jute - c) jute has more environmental impacts as
compared to synthetics - d) any other, please write
30Questionnaire for stakeholder consultation
contd
- Q3. Which part of the life cycle of jute do you
consider an environmental issue? Please explain
your choice. - a) agricultural practices of jute
- b) manufacture of jute products
- c) transportation of jute goods
- d) use of jute as packaging material, carpets,
bags etc. - e) disposal of jute to the environment
- f) any other
- Q4. How do you think jute should be disposed in
your country / local context? - a) jute should be incinerated
- b) jute should be landfilled in managed landfills
- c) jute should be used in a garden or in farming
to blend with soil - d) jute should be recycled for alternate
materials such as non-woven fabrics that are used
in gardening
31Questionnaire for stakeholder consultation
contd
- Q5. Which industries in your country use jute?
- a) packaging of food and non-food products jute
bags, Hessian sacks etc. - b) carpet and floor coverings
- c) shopping bags and decorative items
- d) geo-textiles in civil engineering applications
soil saver, slope protection etc. - e) any other use such as in automobiles etc.
please state if any. - Q6. If environmental information on jute is made
available through an ecolabel, do you think there
could be wider acceptance of jute products?
Please explain. - Q7. If your answer to Q6 was yes, then how the
ecolabel should be propagated in your country? - a) by engaging product associations
- b) by advertising in magazines / newspapers
- c) by launching a website on eco-jute products
- d) any other
32Questionnaire for stakeholder consultation
contd
- Q8. Are you aware of any buyer who purchased any
of the jute products like jute yarn, hessian,
Food grade jute bags, Floor covering, shopping
bags and Jute Geotextiles from India?(Please
specify the No. of buyers) - a) 1
- b) 1-10
- c) 10-20
- d) More than 20
- Q9. What are the other competing alternate
products(synthetic or natural) to the following
jute products in your country? - Jute Products Competing Alternatives(Both
synthetic and natural) - Jute Yarn
- Hessian
- Food grade Jute bags
- Shopping bags
- Floor covering
- Jute Geotextiles
33Questionnaire for stakeholder consultation
contd
- Q10. If you have any query or comment, please
feel free to share with us. Your comments - Thank you for taking time to respond. We would
like to share information with you periodically
and be grateful if you respond with your comments
and suggestions.
34Results of Consultation with interested parties
in Indian jute industry
- To select the product category, initial
consultation was made with interested parties,
mostly suppliers of both conventional and
diversified jute products. The overall
consultation process regarding Jute products can
be concluded as follows
35Results of Consultation with interested parties
in Indian jute industry
36Socio-economic footprint of jute
- In the National Jute Policy 2005, Government of
India recognizes the importance of jute to
farmers and workers, and to the economy of jute
growing states, and its special ecological
importance world-wide, resolved that the jute
industry will receive a fresh impetus in all
respects. - Government recognizes the significance of jute in
Indias economy, providing sustenance to more
than 4 million people (who earn less than a
dollar a day per family) including jute farmers,
workmen, labourers and self employed artisans and
weavers, especially in the Eastern and
North-eastern parts of the country, where it is
the main stay of agro based industries. World
over, it has been recognized that jute and allied
fibres occupy a unique position as eco-friendly,
bio-degradable renewable natural fibres with
substantial value addition at each stage of
processing. Government also recognizes the fact
that this important sector of the economy has not
been given its due importance in the recent past.
37Socio-economics of Jute
- Jute provides not just raw material for industry
but a life support system for over 4 million
farmers, 6 million workers in auxiliary
industries and innumerable thousands of lives
virtually entwined in the bright twists of this
golden fibre. The jute industry is considered to
be one of the most labour intensive, providing
direct employment to about 2.61 million workers.
Moreover, it supports the livelihood of around 4
million farm families and around 1.4 million
people engaged in tertiary sector and allied
activities. - It is estimated that nearly 80 million people
depend on jute cultivation, trade and industry,
directly or indirectly, wholly or partly, for
their livelihood. In addition to this, there are
over 50,000 workers engaged in the jute mills who
are not in the Companys Pay Roll.
38Sustainability vision for Jute
- In its vision for the Jute sector, the Government
of India recognizes that the Indian Jute Sector
is endowed with multifaceted advantages and hence
it shall be the policy of the Government to
develop a strong and vibrant sector that can - Ensure remunerative prices to the jute farmers in
the country - Produce good quality fibre and products to meet
the growing needs of the country and
international buyers - Increasingly contribute to the provision of
sustainable employment and the economic growth of
the nation and - Compete with confidence for an increasing share
of the global market.
39WTO on Jute
- Negotiations on environmental goods presently
taking place in Negotiating group on
non-agricultural market access (NAMA) with the
definitional aspects being examined by Committee
on Trade and Environment (CTE)-special session - Many developing countries including India
(TN/MA/W/10) have supported inclusion of
environmentally friendly products such as jute
products or those based on biodiversity, but no
specific list has been submitted to the
negotiating group on Non-Agricultural Market
Access NAMA.