KINGDOM PLANTAE DIVERSITY AND EVOLUTION

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KINGDOM PLANTAE DIVERSITY AND EVOLUTION

• Bryophytes and Seedless Vascular Plants

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Bryophytes
Pteridophytes
Division Chlorophyta (green algae) features
multicellular, chlorophyll a b, carotenoids,
starch storage, and cellulose walls
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oogonium
Chara stonewort
antheridium
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• Onto the land..why?
• carbon dioxide
• light
• space
• Eventual (not immediate) adaptations
• cuticle and pores/stomata
• protected gametes (gametangia)
• oogamy (retain zygote w/in female)
• vascular tissue
• support tissue
• 460 mya in the Ordovician, the first land
  plants arose, those species are now extinct

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Alternation of Generations
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Division BRYOPHYTESPhylum Bryophyta mosses
Phylum Hepatophytaliverworts Phylum
Anthocerophytahornworts

• small lt2 cm largest 20cm
• dominant gametophyte dependant sporophyte
• most lack cuticle and all lack vascular tissue
• lack roots have filament-like rhizoids

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Gametophyte(haploid plant)Gametangium
(contains gametes)antheridium (male)archegonium
(female)Sporophyte(diploid plant)Sporangium
(contains spores)
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Moss Life Cycle
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Polytrichum moss
sporophyte
gametophyte
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• First vascular land plants
• 400 million years ago
• lacked roots and leaves
• closest living relatives are seedless vascular
  plants

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SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS Division
PTERIDOPHYTES Phylum Lycophyta club and spike
mosses Phylum Sphenophyta horsetails
Phylum Psilophyta whisk ferns Phylum
Pterophyta true ferns
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Sporophyte(diploid plant)Sporangium (contains
spores) Gametophytehaploid plantGametangium
(contains gametes)antheridium (male)archegonium
(female)
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• Alternation of Generations
• sporophyte dominant gametophyte reduced
• both homo-sporous and heterosporous life cycles

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homospory
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Phylum Sphenophyta
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Phylum Psilophyta
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Phylum Lycophyta
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Tree-like relatives Dominated Carboniferous
350-300 mya
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Lycopodium
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Generalized Life Cycle of a Heterosporous Plant
heterospory
2 types of sporangia means 2 types of spores
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Selaginella
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Selaginella bspike moss
Phylum Lycophyta