Capsule

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??????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????
?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????
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?????? Capsule
???????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????
?????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???????, ????
????? ???? ???????? ???. ????? ?????? ???????
?????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ??????. ??? ?? ???,
????? ?? ?????. streptococcus pneumoniae ?????
????? ????? ?????. ???? ???? ?????? ???????
??????? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?? ???,
???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????
????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???????.
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?????? - ??????? ??????? 1. ???? ???? ?????
?????? ?? ????. 2. ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??
????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????. 3.
???? ???? ???????, ??? ??????? ????? ????. 4.
???? ?????? ????? ?? ????. 5. ???? ???? ????.
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???????- ???? ??????? ????? ?? ???????????????
???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ????
??????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? )????? ?????? ??
????(
???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??
??????????????? ???? ?? interfaces ????\????,
????\????, ????\???? ????????? ???
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I just can't go with the flow anymore. I've been
thinking about joining a biofilm. (
PenningtonJ.) 
6
?????? ????? ????????? ???? ???,
?????? ??????? ????????????? ??????????? ??
??????????????? ?????? ?????? ???????
???????????????? ???????????
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(No Transcript)
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(No Transcript)
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???? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????????
(??????, ?????, ??????? ????...) ??? ??????
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• ?????? ????????, ???????? ????? ???, ???? ????
  ???????
• 1. ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????, ????
  ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????.
• 2. ???? ????????, ???????? ??????? ????
  ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??, ????? ?? ?????,
  ???????? ???????????????.
• 3.     ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????,
  ????? ????? ????????? ??????.
• 4. ?????? ?????????? (???? ??? ????, ????
  ?????)
• 5. ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????

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Biofilms are 10X-1000X more resistant to
antibiotics
13
Mechanisms of biofilm associated resistance
2. ?????????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????
3. ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????
4. ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????
1. ?????? ????? ??? ???????
5. ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???
????? ?? ????? ????? ?????
14
????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????
????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????
3/1
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????? ?????? 1. ????? ????? ?????? ??
???????????????? ??? ????????? ????? ?? ?????
?????
?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? (?????
???), ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???????
?????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ??????.
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??????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???????
????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ??????
??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ????
????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????
???? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? (?? ?????????
??????? 105 ???? ???' ?????)
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2. ????? ???
????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???
???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????
(30-300 ?????? ?????). ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??
??????? ????????
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??????? ?????
????? ????? ?????? ???? 1gt2gt4gt8gt16gt32gt64gt128gt25
6gt512gt1024 gtgtgtgt1,000,000
2n
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?????? ???????
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(No Transcript)
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??????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? (????
????? ???? ? 500 ??????? ???') ?????? ?????
?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???????
????? ??????? ???????, ??????? ??? ?????
??????????? ????? ?? ??????. ??????? ????
??????? ????? ???? ???? ????, ???? ?????? ??????
(???? ?? ?????????) ??????? ??????? ?? ??????
?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????
?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????
?????? colony-forming units )CFU( ????? ?????
?????? (????? 14 ????) ????? ???????? ????? ??
???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????.
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3. ????? ??????? ????- ???? ????? (coulter
counter) ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????
???? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????.
???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ??????
????, ??????? ????? ????? ????. ???? ????????
???? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????. ???????
????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ???
????? ??? ???? ?????
3/21
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????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????
1. ???? ????? ?????? ????? (MPN) ????? ?????? ??
????? ????????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ????????
??? ????. ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????.
??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????
??????? ??? ?????. ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????
??????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????. ?? ?????? ???????
??? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????? ???????
?????? ???? ???? ?? ? MPN ?? ????????????????
???????.
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2. ????? ????? ?????
3/22
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(No Transcript)
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(No Transcript)
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????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ????? (FACS)
Fluorescent Activated Cell Sorter
????? (???? ????? ?? ???? ????????) ??????? ????
????? ?-FACS ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????
?????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????. ?????? ?? ???????
?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??
????? ?????? ?????. ????? ?? ??????? ??? ????
?? ?????? ????????? ???? ???????, ?????? ?????
???????? ????????? ???????? ???? ?????, ??????
??????? ??????????? ????? ????.
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????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? 1. ????? ????
??? (???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???). ????
???????, ????? ??? ????? ?????? (??????? ??? ???
???? ? 109 ???????). 2. ???? ??? ??????? ????
??????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????, ????
????? (??? 50 ????? ???), ???, ??"?, ATP
(?????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?? 1 ??????? ATP
?? ?? 300 ??????? ????). ??? ?? ?????? ????
??????? ????? ??? ???? ?????.

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3. ????? ?????? (turbidimetric measurement)
???? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????
?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????????? ????? ????
????? ???? ????? ?? ??????.
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?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????,
??????, ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?????. ???????
????? ?? ?????
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??????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??????
????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???
?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????
(107-109 ??????? ???') ???? ???? ?????????,
????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??????
???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????
???? ?? ???. ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??
???????, ???? ??? ?????? ?????.