MANUAL-MATERIAL HANDLING

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MANUAL-MATERIAL HANDLING
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Pendahuluan

• Mekanisasi gtgt? msh gt pekerjaan yg hrs dilakukan
  secara manual mengandalkan kekuatan manusia ?
  LBP
• Fakta 20 cedera punggung? Work related-? bisa
  diatasi dengan teknik manual handling yg benar

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Statistics
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, more
than one million workers suffer back injuries
each year, and back injuries account for one of
every five workplace injuries or illnesses.
Furthermore, one-fourth of all compensation
indemnity claims involve back injuries, costing
employers billions of dollars. These figures do
not begin to reflect the pain and suffering
employees experience as a result of their
injuries.
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What is Ergonomics?
Ergonomics is the scientific study of human work.
Ergonomic principals adapt work
to a specific person by designing tasks tools
or equipment to fit the individual to prevent
injuries to the musculoskeletal system.
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What are the benefits of ergonomics?

• Reduction of work-related injuries
• Increased worker productivity
• Increased work quality
• Reduced absenteeism
• Increased morale
• Ergonomics provides a win-win situation..on and
  off the job

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DEFINISI

• MMH ? memindahkan item /barang dengan energi
  manusia

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Termasuk dalam manual handling

• Lifting
• Lowering
• Pushing
• pulling
• Carrying moving
• Holding (person, animal or item)

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Contoh

• Bawa box
• Using handles
• Repair activity
• lifting

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• Item yg dipundahkan bisa berveriasi dlm
• Bentuk - Ukuran
• Berat - Bulk
• Jenis - Kemudahan
• Risiko pd pekerja yg melakukan MMH

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Masalah utama MMH

• Tdk menggunakan teknik mengangkat membawa dg
  benar
• Mengangkat-posisi awkward
• Mengangkat sambil memutar (twisting)
• Mengangkat beban terlalu berat
• Gerakan repetitive
• Membawa item yg berukuran besar? mengganggu
  pandangan keseimbangan

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Force
The amount of force you place on your back during
lifting may surprise you! Think of your back as
a see saw, with the pivot point in the center.
It only takes ten pounds of
pressure to lift a ten
pound object.
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Force
If you shift the pivot point to one side, it
takes much more force to lift the same object.
Your waist acts like the pivot point on a see
saw, with a 101 ratio. Lifting a ten pound
object puts 100 pounds of pressure on your
lower back.
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Force
When you add in the 105
pounds of the average
human upper
torso, you see that lifting a
ten pound object actually
puts 1,150 pounds of
pressure on the lower
back.
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Proper Lifting
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Proper Lifting
Bend Your Knees Bend at your knees, not your
waist. This helps you keep your center of
balance and lets your legs do the lifting, not
your back.
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Proper Lifting
"Hug" The Load Try to hold the object as close
to your body as possible, as you gradually
straighten your legs to a standing
position.
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Proper Lifting
Avoid Twisting Twisting can overload your spine
and lead to serious injury. Make sure your
feet, knees and torso are pointed in the same
direction when you are lifting.
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Safe Lifting
Lever effect -- can magnify weight by factor of
up to 10
100 lbs.
10 lbs.
Maximum Safe Lifting Weight 51 lbs. National
Safety Council
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Safe Lifting
Means using your head!
Use Your Head and Save Your Back!

• Bend your knees - not your back!

• Let your legs do the lifting

• STAND close to the load

Get Help with heavy or awkward loads!
Use the right tools!
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Safe Lifting
Carrying the load

• Hold the load close so you can see over it.
• Keep the load balanced.
• Avoid twisting the body
• Watch out for pinch points -- doorways, etc.
• Face the way you will be moving.

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Safe Lifting
For those Awkward Moments...

• If you must lift or lower from a high place
• Stand on a platform instead of a ladder
• Lift the load in smaller pieces if possible
• Push the load to see how heavy and stable it is.
• Slide the load as close to yourself as possible
  before lifting up or down.
• Get help when needed to avoid an injury.

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Safe Lifting
From hard-to-get-at places...

• Get as close to the load as possible
• Keep back straight, stomach muscles tight
• Push buttocks out behind you.
• Bend your knees
• Use leg, stomach, and buttock muscles to lift --
  not your back.

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Common Causes of Back Injuries
Heavy lifting can injure the back, especially
when it is repetitive and over a long period of
time.
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Common Causes Of Back Injuries
Twisting at the waist while lifting
or holding a heavy loadthis often happens
when using a shovel
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Common Causes Of Back Injuries
Reaching and lifting Over your head, across a
table, or out the back of a truck


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Common Causes Of Back Injuries
Lifting or carrying objects with awkward or odd
shapes
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Common Causes Of Back Injuries
Working in awkward, uncomfortable positions
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Common Causes Of Back Injuries
Sitting or standing too long in one
position can be very hard on the back
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Common Causes Of Back Injuries
It is also possible to injure your back slipping
on a wet floor, ice, etc
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Excercise
Exercises that work your back, hips, thighs, and
abdominal muscles can minimize back
problems Warm up slowly and exercise regularly
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Exercise
Wall slides will strengthen your hips, thighs,
and lower back Stand with your back against the
wall, feet shoulder-width apart. Slide down into
a crouch with knees bent to a 90º angle. Count
to 5 and slide back up. Repeat 5 times
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Exercise
Leg raises will strengthen your legs and lower
back Lie on your stomach and raise one leg from
the floor. Hold for a 10 count and return leg to
floor. Do the same with the other leg. Repeat
five times with each leg
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Excercise
Crunches will strengthen your abdominal
muscles. Lie flat on your back, knees bent and
feet flat on the floor. With your hands
supporting the head and neck, slowly raise head
and shoulders off floor. Count to 10 and repeat
5 times
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Excercise
Knee raises will strengthen your legs and
abdominal muscles Lie on back, knees bent and
feet flat on floor. Raise knees toward chest.
Do not raise head or straighten legs as you lower
them. Repeat 10 times
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Exercise
Lie on your stomach, hands under shoulders, and
push up. Raise top half of your body as high as
possible. Keep hips and thighs on floor. Repeat
10 times
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Exercises
Stand with feet shoulder-width apart. Place
hands in small of back. Keep knees straight and
bend back at waist as far as possible. Hold for
a couple of seconds. Repeat as needed.
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Prevent Back Injuries

• Use proper lifting techniques
• Exercise on a regular basis
• Place objects up off the floor
• Use carts, dollies, and other lifting devices
  whenever possible
• Test the weight of an object before lifting by
  picking up a corner
• Get help if the object is too heavy

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BEBERAPA PETUNJUK

• KERJA DUDUK ? TIDAK BOLEH MENGANGKAT ATAU MEMBAWA
  OBYEK DENGAN BEBAN gt4,5 KG
• JIKA OBYEK YANG DIANGKAT gt16-20 KG? HARUS LEBIH
  HATI2 DALAM EVALUASI RISIKO
• PEKERJA YG SDH AGAK LANJUT ? TIDAK BOLEH MEMBAWA,
  MENGANGKAT ATAU MENURUNKAN BEBAN gt55 KG TANPA
  BANTUAN ALAT ? BUAT TEAM KERJA ? TERAPKAN METODE
  ANGKAT YANG BENAR

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RECOMMENDED WEIGHT LIMIT (RWL)

• Recomendasi NIOSH
• RWL berat beban yang masih aman untuk dikerjakan
  pada waktu tertentu tanpa menimbulkan risiko
  gangguan sakit pinggang (LBP) (Water Anderson
  1996b)
• 6 variabel Horizonta Load (H) Vertical Load
  (V), Destination (D), Angle of Asymetric (A),
  Frekuency of Lifting (F), Coupling Classification
  ( C )

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• RWL LC X HM X VM X DM X AM X FM X CM
• LC LOAD CONSTANT 23 Kg
• HMHORIZONTAL MULTIPLIER 25/H
• VM Vertical Multiplier (1 0,003 / (V-75) )
• DM Distance Multiplier (0,82 4.5/ D )
• AM Asymetric Multiplier (1 0.0032A)
• FM Frequency Multiplier (tabel 1)
• CM Coupling Multiplier (tabel 2)

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Tabel 1 Frequency Muliplier
Freq. lift/minute (F) Lama Kerja Mengangkat Lama Kerja Mengangkat Lama Kerja Mengangkat Lama Kerja Mengangkat Lama Kerja Mengangkat Lama Kerja Mengangkat
Freq. lift/minute (F) 1 jam 1 jam gt 1 jam dan gt 1 jam dan
Freq. lift/minute (F) V lt 75 V 75 V lt 75 V 75 V lt 75 V 75
0,2 1,00 1,00 0,95 0,95 0,85 0,85
0,5 0,97 0,97 0,92 0,92 0,81 0,81
1 0,94 0,94 0,88 0,88 0,75 0,75
2 0,91 0,91 0,84 0,84 0,65 0,65
3 0,88 0,88 0,79 0,79 0,55 0,55
4 0,84 0,84 0,72 0,72 0,45 0,45
5 0,80 0,80 0,60 0,60 0,35 0,35
6 0,75 0,75 0,50 0,50 0,27 0,27
7 0,70 0,70 0,42 0,42 0,22 0,22
8 0,60 0,60 0,35 0,35 0,18 0,18
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lanjutan
Freq. lift/minute (F) Lama Kerja Mengangkat Lama Kerja Mengangkat Lama Kerja Mengangkat Lama Kerja Mengangkat Lama Kerja Mengangkat Lama Kerja Mengangkat
Freq. lift/minute (F) 1 jam 1 jam gt 1 jam dan 2 jam gt 1 jam dan 2 jam gt 2 jam 8 jam gt 2 jam 8 jam
Freq. lift/minute (F) V lt 75 V 75 V lt 75 V 75 V lt 75 V 75
9 0,52 0,52 0,26 0,26 0,00 0,15
10 0,45 0,45 0,00 0,23 0,00 0,13
11 0,41 0,41 0,00 0,21 0,00 0,00
12 0,37 0,37 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00
13 0,00 0,34 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00
14 0,00 0,31 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00
15 0,00 0,28 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00
gt15 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00
untuk frekuensi angkatan lt 1 kali/5 menit , F
0,2 lift/min dalam cm , diukur dari permukaan
lantai
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Tabel 2. Couplig Multiplier
Tipe coupling Cm Cm
Tipe coupling V lt 75 cm V 75 cm
Baik (Good) 1,00 1,00
Sedang (Fair) 0,95 1,00
Jelek (Poor) 0,90 0,90
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LIFTING INDEX (LI)

• ESTIMASI SEDERHANA THD RISIKO CEDERA YANG
  DIAKIBATKAN OLEH OVER EXERTION.
• BERDASARKAN BERAT BEBAN DAN NILAI RWL ? LI DPT
  DITENTUKAN SBB
• LI BB / RWL 3,0
• KRITERIA
• LI 1,0 (LOW RISK OF LBP)
  LI gt 1 (MODERATELY STRESSFUL TASK)
  LI gt 3 (HIGHLY STRESSFUL TASK)

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• Seorang pekerja bagian produksi bertugas
  melakukan pekerjaan mengangkat hasil produksi
  dalam kemasa untuk dimasukkan ke dalam kardus
  pengepakan. Berat produk 20 kg. Dalam waktu 8
  jam kerja (1 jam istirahat) , ia harus memasukkan
  700 produk ke dalam dus. Pekerjaan dilakukan
  dengan berdiri. Jarak antara pekerja dengan
  produk 25 cm (horizontal) , ketinggian 80 cm
  (vertikal). Jarak (destinasi) 50 cm. benda
  berbentuk persegi dan tak ada handle.Pertanyaan
  apakah pekerjaan yang dilakukan ini mempunyai
  risiko untuk cedera musculo skeletal?