Military Issues

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Military Issues James B. Campbell Captain USN
(retired)
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So why do young men and women decided to join the
military services?

• Economic opportunities
• Educational opportunities
• Patriotism and Service to the Nation
• Sense of travel and adventure
• Discipline and maturation
• Escape from personal situations

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The Constitution and the Military

• Commander in Chief President of the United
  States
• Congress assigned authority to declare war
• Senate approves promotion of all officers
• Certain limits on Constitutional Rights of
  Military members

Supremacy of civilian authority over the military
dates back to George Washington
Should military officers become involved in
political affairsshould ex-generals run for
President of the United States and advocate
political stances ?
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Societal Cost of Military Services
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Demographics
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Its just not fair that people that we ask to
fight our wars are people who join the military
because of economic conditions, because they have
few options.Representative Charles B.
RangelD-New York
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New York TimesMarch 30, 2003

• Minorities overrepresented
• Wealthy and underclass underrepresented
• Officer ranks politically conservative
• Northeastern region fading from ranks
• Better educated than population in general
• Warrior caste
• Discussions of a new military draft

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Is the military service a poor mans/poor
womans fight and a rich mans war?

• -National median income for all U.S.
  households 41,994
• -Mean income for military recruits households
  41,141

Source The Heritage Foundation Dr. Tim Kane,
PhD The Demographics of Military Enlistment
After 911, Executive Memorandum 987
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Is the military service a poor mans/poor
womans fight and a rich mans war?

• -National high school level 18-24 years old 75
  percent
• -Military highs school level 18-24 years old
  98 percent

Source The Heritage Foundation Dr. Tim Kane,
PhD The Demographics of Military Enlistment
After 911, Executive Memorandum 987
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Competition Among Services

• Cultural Differences
• Should the military services all wear one
  uniform?
• Does friction among the services allow healthy
  competition and better systems or harm the
  overall good of the nation?
• Examples Navy Missiles, Air Force aircraft,
  Marine Expeditionary systems, and Army M1A1 tanks

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Ethics in Warfare

• Jus ad Bellum (Legality in going to War)
• Circumstances under which states can wage war
• the use of armed force by another State against
  the sovereignty, territorial integrity or
  political independence of another state
• Principles of right authority, right intention,
  reasonable hope, proportionality, and last resort
• What about preemptive war?
• What about ethnic cleansing and genocide?

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Ethics in Warfare
Qaeda-led group vows "jihad" over Pope's
speech Mon Sep 18, 2006 604am ETDUBAI (Reuters)
- An Iraqi militant group led by al Qaeda vowed a
war against the "worshippers of the cross" in
response to a recent speech by Pope Benedict on
Islam that sparked anger across the Muslim
world. "We tell the worshipper of the cross (the
Pope) that you and the West will be defeated, as
is the case in Iraq, Afghanistan, Chechnya," said
an Internet statement by the Mujahideen Shura
Council, an umbrella group led by Iraq's branch
of al Qaeda. "We shall break the cross and spill
the wine. ... God will (help) Muslims to conquer
Rome. ... God enable us to slit their throats,
and make their money and descendants the bounty
of the mujahideen," said the statement.
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Ethics in Warfare

• Jus in Bello (justice in war and limiting war)
• the guidelines for fighting well once war has
  begun
• Discrimination and non-combatant immunity
• Proportionality
• Rights of Soldiers
• Doctrine of Double effects civilian causalities
  are justifiable so long as their deaths are not
  intended and accidental
• Collateral Damage destruction unavoidable
  incurred in the act of destroying a military
  target
• Does morality exist in warfare and can one side
  do what ever is necessary to win?

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FRICTION OF WAR Force that makes the
apparently easy, difficult Action in war is like
movement in a resistant element. FOG OF
WAR The phrase fog of war was first used by Carl
von Clausewitz in reference to how chaotic
warfare can seem while one is immersed within it.

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