Impact of New Technologies on Radio Frequency Spectrum Management Presentation to the CWTA and WiTEC Alberta Marc Dupuis 6 March 2006

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Impact of New Technologies on Radio Frequency
Spectrum ManagementPresentation to theCWTA and
WiTEC AlbertaMarc Dupuis6 March 2006
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Increase in demand for spectrum is technology
driven
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Its use is important to Citizens

• The radio spectrum is a vital platform
• Crucial to our social and economic well being
• Used for public safety, security, broadcasting
  and other wireless services
• In Canada, federal responsibility mandated to
  Industry Canada
• Confirmed by the Supreme Court of Canada
• Industry Canada also responsible for Canadas
  telecommunications infrastructure

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International Telecommunication Union

• UN Specialized Agency where Member States, in
  collaboration with their private sectors
• Allocate radio frequency spectrum to different
  services (International Table of Frequency
  Allocations)
• Adopt binding regulations to, for example,
  eliminate potential harmful interference and
  protect radiocommunication services
• Develop technical standards for telecommunication
  and broadcasting systems

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Global Regional Harmonization
Rulemaking Feedback Loop
Spectrum Management is an iterative consultative
process with governments and industry working
together, domestically as well as internationally
New Ideas Technologies
Industry proposals
Canadian Consultative Process
Domestic rules spark development of new
technologies and services
Canadian contributions and proposals
International Bilateral Meetings
Treaties, Agreements, Recommendations, Standards
DomesticRulemaking
. . . to align international rules with Canadas
interests
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Recent Initiatives

• Licensing in 2.3 GHz and 3.5 GHz bands
• Auction Phase II
• Allocations and utilization in the band
  2500-2690 MHz
• Notice DGTP-004-04 / DGTP-009-04
• Revisions to the Canadian Table of Allocations
• Notice DGTP-002-05
• Publication of spectrum policy and technical and
  operational requirements for LE-WLAN (5 GHz)
• notice DGTP-003-05 (see also DGTP-005-04)
• Revisions to the Canadian Table of Allocations
  to Recognize the Use of Spectrum for Satellite
  Radio Services in Canada
• notice DGTP-010-05

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Recent Consultations

• Consultation on Ultra-Wideband Technologies
  (UWB)
• Notice SMSE-002-05
• Consultation on Spectrum Policy Framework
• notice DGTP-001-05
• Consultation on Spectrum Utilization Policy,
  Technical and Licensing Requirements for
  Broadband Public Safety in the Band 4 940-4 990
  MHz
• Notice DGTP-002-05
• Consultation on Broadband over Powerlines (BPL)
• Notice SMSE-005-05
• Proposals and Changes to the Spectrum in Certain
  Bands Below 1.7 GHz
• Notice DGTP-004-05

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Upcoming Consultations

• Consultation on Intelligent Transportation
  Systems
• determine rules for deploying ITS in 5850-5925
  MHz
• Consultation on Enhancing Access to RF Spectrum
• introduction of new technologies and spectrum
  management, such as SDR and Cognitive Radios
• Consultation on utilization policies for
  3650-3700 MHz band
• Consultation on broadband spectrum in 70/80/90
  GHz
• On-going improvements to SRSP, SP, RSS, ICES

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New Technologies

• New Technologies are being investigated
• IMT-2000 (3G) and systems beyond IMT-2000
• RLANs, Wi-Fi, WiMAX
• Ultra-Wideband (UWB) devices
• Broadband over Power Lines (BPL)
• Cognitive and Software Defined Radios
• Intelligent Transportation Systems
• Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID)
• Next Generation Networks
• Advanced digital TV, digital radio

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International Standards for Wireless Technologies
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Advanced Wireless Systems

• A term used for terrestrial mobile systems that
  are generally
• Available to anyone, anywhere and anytime
• Available in any location (indoor/outdoor,
  urban/rural, pedestrian/vehicular)
• The technology will be defined by the operators
• Includes services such as multi-media, wireless
  high-speed internet, video services, high-speed
  mobile data and entertainment

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Advanced Mobile Systems

• Requirements for IMT-2000 and systems beyond
  IMT-2000 being studied by ITU-R WP8F
• WRC-2007 agenda item 1.4 for the spectrum
  requirements
• Several frequency bands identified by WRC-2000
  and WRC-03 in the 1-3 GHz bands
• Bands below 1 GHz may facilitate deployment in
  rural areas, but are heavily used
• Bands above 3 GHz but below 6 GHz may be
  required for high data rates
• IC supports technology neutrality

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Evolution from 1G to 4G
2.5G
2G
3G
1G
4G
9.6 kbps
20-40kbps
50-153kbps
Up to 2.048 Mbps
Very low data
Up to 1 Gbps
1980s
1990s
gt2010
2005
2001-2003
2004
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New
WIC 2004 18.10.04 - 14
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Wi-Fi TechnologyIEEE 802.11 Wireless LANs
802.11 Local Area Networks
802.11a 5 GHz 54 Mbps
802.11b 2.4 GHz 11 Mbps
802.11g 2.4 GHz 54 Mbps
802.11i Specifies security measures makes use
of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) block
cipher.
802.11h Supports DFS and TPC for interference
avoidance - ensures co-existence of Wi-Fi and
other services in 5 GHz band
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Wi-Fi Challenges
Challenges with regulatory enforcement

• Improved coverage
• WLAN can be used to complement 3G
• WLAN is not designed to replace 3G
• Dealing with security issues / illegal use
• e.g. hijacking someone elses Wi-Fi connection
• Power consumption
• Indoor/outdoor use
• 2.4 GHz outdoor allowed, but equipment not
  designed for outdoor environment
• 5 GHz indoor / outdoor operation, depending on
  the band restrictions in certain sub-bands to
  protect other existing services

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WiMAX
WiMAX is an industry alliance that will certify
802.16 products

• Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
  Forum
• Established in 2001
• Technology enabling the delivery of last mile
  wireless broadband access without direct
  line-of-sight
• Will provide fixed, nomadic, portable and
  eventually, mobile wireless broadband
  connectivity
• Will certify products for conformance and
  interoperability based upon the IEEE 802.16 and
  ETSI HyperMAN standards

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WiMAX Applications
Source WiMAX, making ubiquitous high-speed data
services a reality, Alcatel, June 2004
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WiMAX Challenges

• Availability of usable spectrum
• Rapid certification of WiMAX products
• Getting the volume that will drive the cost down
  (3.5 GHz band)
• Meeting peoples expectations
• 2.3 GHz Coordination with satellite radio
  (S-DARS) and terrestrial repeaters

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Broadband over Power Lines (BPL)

• Similarities between the US and Canadian power
  distribution grids
• BPL equipment manufacturers will view Canada and
  the U.S. as a common marketplace.
• It is important to establish technical rules and
  operational requirements as soon as possible.
• Limited number of Canadian BPL trials
• Industry Canada is taking important steps
  towards facilitating the deployment of BPL
  systems in Canada
• Consultation process
• New Interference-Causing Equipment Standard
  (ICES)

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BPL System Configuration
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Cognitive and Software-Defined Radios

• Embedded intelligence
• Dynamic/Opportunistic use of allocated but unused
  spectrum
• (e.g., whitespace)
• Operate at power levels higher
• than the noise-floor

• Horizontal (software and hardware from same
  manufacturer)
• Vertical (software from one company, hardware
  from another)

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Challenges of Cognitive Radios and SDRs

• Who determines the structure of agile radios?
  Marketplace or Regulators? Horizontal or
  Vertical?
• How much regulation is required for agile radio
  CR deployment?
• Certification of SDR devices in a vertical or
  horizontal market structure?
• Ensuring that these devices will operate as
  necessary so as to avoid harmful interference or
  disruption to existing systems/license holders

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Intelligent Transportation Systems

• Dedicated Short-Range Communication Systems
  (DSRC)
• Non-voice radio technique
• 5850 5925 MHz band

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Ultra-Wideband
? UWB signals occupy large bandwidth,
communicating at a power spectral density level
well below the noise floor of conventional
radiocommunication receivers.
Emitted Signal Power
GPS
PCS
802.11b
802.11a
-41 dBm/MHz
UWB Spectrum
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3
5
1.6
1.9
2.4
Frequency (GHz)

• In the USA, the FCC authorized several types of
  UWB systems on a licence-exempt basis subject to
  certain frequency, power, and operational
  restrictions.
• UWB applications include vehicular radar, radar
  imaging systems such as ground penetrating radar,
  and short-range wireless radiocommunication
  systems

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Ultra-Wideband Challenges

• Finding a suitable spectrum for very large
  bandwidth UWB applications
• Licensed or Licence-Exempt UWB?
• Implications of allowing UWB in specific bands
• UWB compatibility with wireless services
• Enforcement of technical and operational
  restrictions
• Implications on Radio Regulations and national
  regulations

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Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID)

• Technology used to track and identify a person
  or object by means of radio transmission
• Various frequency bands used around the world
• Type of data transmitted can vary information
  on object, its location, delivery times, weight,
  destination, etc.
• Many different possible applications
• Significantly simplify and make robust, the
  tracking of parts or part carriers

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Spectrum Used

• Low Frequency (LF) 125 kHz, 134 kHz (North
  America, Europe, Japan)
• High Frequency (HF) 13.56 MHz (13.553 13.567
  MHz)
• (North America, Europe, Japan)
• Ultra High Frequency (UHF) 433 MHz (Europe,
  North America)
• 868 - 870 MHz (Europe)
• 902 - 928 MHz (North
  America)
• 950 956 MHz (Japan)
• Microwave Frequency 2.400 - 2.483 GHz (North
  America, Europe, Japan)
• 5.725 - 5.875 GHz (North America,
  Europe, Japan)

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RFID Challenges

• Interference into RFID two types
• Metal Interference metal packaging may
  block/corrupt the signal leading to trouble in
  being read
• Frequency Interference may cause problems if
  the reader is attempting to identify a particular
  tag surrounded by a number of other tags
  operating at same frequency

• Privacy
• Use of RFID to track individual products could
  threaten consumer privacy
• Main threat comes when RFID tags remain active
  after the customer makes a purchase and leaves
  the store

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Conclusions

• New technologies spur the demand for spectrum
• Spectrum allocation is a key issue for economic
  growth and development
• Spectrum allocation means access
• Access means services
• Services mean jobs and growth

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Thank you
For more information, be sure to visit our
Internet website
Mr. Marc Dupuis Director New Wireless Services
and Technology 300 Slater Street, 1916A Ottawa,
Ontario K1A 0C8 Telephone [phone] Fax
[phone] Email dupuis.marc_at_ic.gc.ca