IONIC BONDING

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IONIC BONDING
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Sodium Atom
Atomic Number (Z) 11 Atomic Mass (M)
23 Protons 11 Electrons 11 Neutrons 12
23
Na
11
11 P 12 N
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Fluorine Atom
Atomic Number (Z) 9 Atomic Mass (M)
19 Protons 9 Electrons 9 Neutrons 19
19
F
9
9 P 10 N
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Forming the Ionic Bond
Na
F
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Summary Sodium Fluoride
Na (sodium)
F (fluorine)
loses one electron (P gt E)
gains one electron (P lt E)
Attraction of opposite charges
Na1 (sodium ion)
F1- (fluorine ion)
NaF
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Lets Try Another
Ca (calcium)
Br (bromine)
loses two electron (P gt E)
gains one electron (P lt E)
Attraction of opposite charges
Ca2 (sodium ion)
F1- (fluorine ion)
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One more example
Al (aluminum)
S (sulphur)
loses three electrons (P gt E)
gains two electrons (P lt E)
Attraction of opposite charges
Al3 (sodium ion)
S2- (fluorine ion)
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Ionic Compounds

• An ionic compound generally consists of a metal
  and a non-metal
• The metal loses electron(s) and becomes a cation
  (positively charged ion).
• The non-metal gains electron(s) and becomes an
  anion (negatively charged ion).
• Through the forces of attraction between two
  opposite charges, an ionic compound is formed.
• There are two types binary (two atoms) and
  polyatomic (one atom and one polyatomic ion)
• Polyatomic ion is an ion with more than one
  atom

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1
2
3
-3
-2
-1
0
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COVALENT OR MOLECULAR BONDING
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Imagine Two Hydrogen Atom
1 P 0 N
1 P 0 N
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And then they find each other
H
H
And share their electronsTheyre relationship
is so diatomic!
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Molecular Compounds

• Molecular compounds are composed only of
  non-metals
• We use binding capacities to understand how
  compounds are made
• Some molecular compounds are composed of the same
  element. These are called diatomic compounds
• There are seven diatomic compounds H2,
  N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2 and I2

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Binding Capacities- The number of bonds each
atom can make
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3
2
1
0
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In Grade 9, you learned the Ball-and-Hook Method
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Comparing Ionic and Covalent
IONIC COVALENT
Metal and non-metal involved Two non-metals involved
Transferring of electrons Sharing of electrons
Charges involved Binding capacities involved
Naming Metal ide or polyatomic ion Naming Use of prefixes (mono, di, tri, etc.)