Clothing Management

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Clothing Management

• Unit 2
• Textiles

Tonja Bolding Lakeside High School
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Unit 2 terms

• 1. blends -in clothing, a term to refer to
  combining different fibers into one yarn
• 2. care label -a label inside a garment
  describing its fiber content and how to care for
  it
• 3. cellulose fibers -fibers made from plant
  (wood) sources
• 4. fabric finish -treatment given to clothing to
  improve appearance, texture, or performance
• 5. fiber -a basic unit from which fabric is made
• 6. grain line -a line on a pattern piece with
  arrows that show how to place the pattern on the
  straight grain of the fabric
• 7. gray (greige) goods -unfinished fabric that
  lacks color when it first comes from the loom
• 8. hang tag -a tag providing information about
  the garment to which it is attached, such as
  price and size

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• 9. knitted fabric -fabric made by looping yarns
  together
• 10. manufactured fiber -fibers not found in
  nature
• 11. natural fiber -a fiber that comes from plants
  or hair of animals
• 12. non-woven fabric -fabric made using heat,
  moisture, and/or adhesive
• 13. permanent finish -a fabric finish that lasts
  the entire life of the garment
• 14. pill -small balls of fiber that form on the
  surface of fabric
• 15. ply yarn -yarn made by twisting two or more
  single yarns together
• 16. woven fabric -made by interlacing lengthwise
  and crosswise yarns
• 17. yarn -fibers twisted together or laid side by
  side

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2.1 Name textile uses

• Clothing is not the only use of textile products.
• Textiles are used to make sheets, towels,
  upholstery, carpets, umbrellas, filters, space
  suits, etc..
• Football turf is made from textiles.
• Artificial hearts use textiles as well.
• Textiles are used for everything from blouses to
  buildings.

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Natural Fibers
2.2 Differentiate between natural and
manufactured fibers

• Natural fibers come from plants or the hair of
  animals.
• Cotton, linen, wool,and silk are the most common
  natural fibers.
• Quality varies on the type of plant or animal and
  the growing conditions.
• They have unique characteristics that cannot be
  copied by science.

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Examples of Natural Fibers

• Cotton is a natural cellulosic fiber obtained
  from the cotton plant.
• Advantages- strong, launders well, inexpensive,
  comfortable, wide variety of uses
• Disadvantages- shrinks in hot water, mildews if
  out in damp storage, wrinkles easily
• Uses- outer wear, underwear,
• home furnishing

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• Flax is the fiber used to make linen.
• Advantages-strongest of natural fibers, durable,
  lint free, stands high temperatures
• Disadvantages-expensive, wrinkles easy unless
  treated, has color loss
• Uses- Clothing (suits, handkerchiefs) Home
  furnishings (draperies, tablecloths)

linen fabric
Egyptian flax
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• Ramie comes from a plant often grown in China and
  India. Often called China Grass.
• Advantages-strong, durable, dries quickly,
  absorbs moisture
• Disadvantages-wrinkles easily, stiff and wire
  like, and coarse
• Uses- cords, can be combined with other fabrics
  to make home furnishings, and combined with other
  natural and manufactured fibers in wearing apparel

Ramie is often blended with cotton
ramie plant
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Other uses of Natural Fibers

• Jute is used to make rope and burlap.
• Hemp is used to make rope, cording for jewelry
  making, clothing and accessories.

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• Wool is made from the fleece of sheep or lambs.
• Advantages-warmest of all fibers, wrinkle
  resistant, durable, combines with other fibers
  successfully
• Disadvantages-expensive, shrink and mat
• when moisture applied, absorbs odors
• Uses-clothing (outerwear, sweaters) home
  furnishings(blankets, rugs, upholstery)

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• Silk is obtained by the unwinding of a silkworms
  cocoon.
• Advantages-strong but lightweight, soil resistant
• Disadvantages-dry-cleaning, yellows with age,
  expensive
• Uses-Clothing (wedding dresses, blouses) home
  furnishings(lampshades, wall hangings)

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Specialty Hair Fibers
camels hair
angora goat
alpaca
guanaco
llama
cashmere goat
vicuna
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Manufactured Fibers

• Manufactured fibers are not found in nature.
• They surround you. They are in your clothes, on
  your furniture, at your school, and in your car.
• Rayon was the first commercially produced fiber.

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Rayon

• Rayon is very much like cotton.
• Advantages-drapes well, comfortable, soft,
  inexpensive
• Disadvantages-weak when wet, stretches, will
  mildew
• Uses-Blouses, dresses, curtains, bedding

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Acetate

• It looks and feels luxurious. It takes dye well.
• Advantages- drapes well, inexpensive, easy to dye
• Disadvantages- weak, special care for cleaning,
  heat sensitive
• Uses-dresses, scarves, shirts

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Triacetate

• Triacetate is similar to acetate in appearance.
• Advantages-easy to care for, does not shrink,
  resists wrinkles and fading
• Disadvantages-weak, nonabsorbent
• Use-blouses, dresses, lightweight knits

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Nylon

• Nylon is very strong and durable.
• Advantages-lightweight,dries quickly, retains
  shape, easy care
• Disadvantages-damaged by sun, surface pills, heat
  sensitive
• Uses-casual tops, camisoles, slips, windbreakers

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Polyester

• Very versatile. Almost any appearance and texture
  can be achieved.
• Advantages-easy care, resistant to wrinkles,
  strong/durable, easy to dye
• Disadvantages-takes oily stains, low absorbency,
  static buildup
• Uses-underwear, carpets, childrens wear

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Olefin

• Lightest fiber made. Floats on water and has
  very low absorption
• Advantages-Strong/durable, inexpensive, very
  lightweight
• Disadvantages-heat sensitive, poor dye ability,
  non absorbent
• Uses- upholster, outdoor furniture

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Acrylic

• Often used as a replacement for wool. It is
  soft, warm and lightweight
• Advantages-keeps it shape well, resists sunlight,
  chemicals and wrinkles
• Disadvantages-pills, static electricity
• Uses-sportswear, sweaters, blankets

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Modacrylic

• Flame resistant, soft and warm
• Advantages-resists shrinkage and chemicals,
  retains shape, easy to dye
• Disadvantages-weak, static buildup
• Uses-fake fur, wigs, carpets, blankets

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Spandex

• Elastic like rubber
• Advantages-very elastic, smooth, lightweight,
  easy care, resists sunlight, oil and perspiration
• Disadvantages-yellows with age, heat sensitive,
  harmed by bleach
• Uses-swimwear, skiwear, exercise and dance wear

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2.3 Distinguish between staple and filament fibers

• Staple Fibers
• Staple fibers are short strands of fibers.
• Most natural fibers are staple.
• Manufactured fibers can be made into staple
  fibers.
• Filament Fibers
• A filament is a long continuous strand of fiber.
• Any manufactured fiber can be made in filament
  form.
• Silk is the only natural fiber that is a
  filament.

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2.4 Identify generic and tradename fibers
Generic fiber is the name of the fiber. They can
be natural or manufactured.

• acetate
• acrylic
• aramid
• azlon
• cotton
• flax
• glass
• metallic
• modacrylic
• novoloid
• nylon

• olefin
• polyester
• ramie
• rayon
• rubber
• saran
• silk
• spandex
• triacetate
• vinyon
• wool

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Tradename is the identifying name, symbol, or
design, that sets a manufacturers product apart
from similar products or competitors. May feature
the trademark symbol and will be capitalized.

• Acrilan
• Canrrece
• Celeanese
• Cepeset
• Chromspu
• Coolmax
• Cleerspun
• Creslan
• Dacron
• Duarspun
• Estron
• Fibro
• Fortrel

• Galaxy
• Herculon
• Lurex
• Lycra
• Microloft
• MicroSafe
• Orlan
• SEF Plus
• Spectra
• Trevira
• Viscose
• Zantrel
• Zeftron

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2.5 State procedures for making fibers into yarn.

• Cotton Fiber to Yarn (Natural Fiber)
• Cotton is picked and taken to a gin that
  separates the fibers from the seed.
• Cotton is compressed into bales.
• It is formed into a lap which is a continuous
  layer of fibers that is wrapped around a
  cylinder.
• Carding pulls the fibers from the lap, cleans and
  straightens them into a much thinner web of
  fibers. This is done by a carding machine.
• These fibers go through a funnel-shaped devise
  that molds then into a soft ropelike strand
  slightly thicker than your finger called a carded
  sliver.
• Many carded slivers are combined and stretched
  into a single drawn sliver about the diameter of
  a single carded sliver in a process called
  drawing.
• Combing is done to make fibers even more parallel
  and to remove any short fibers which makes long,
  smoother, stronger yarns.
• Fibers are fed into a roving frame where it is
  twisted slightly and pulled to become a smaller
  stand called roving about the size of a pencil.
• Spinning machines pull the roving finer, add more
  twist and winds the yarn (fibers twisted together
  or laid side by side) on bobbins.

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Manufactured Fibers into Yarn

1. Solid raw material is changed into a liquid.
2. The liquid is extruded through a spinneret which
   is like a shower head.
3. It hardens in the form of a fiber.
4. To make a filament yarn, a few filaments are
   twisted together into yarns.
5. To make staple yarns, filaments are cut into
   short lengths and later spun into yarns

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2.6 Discuss basic methods of fabric construction

• Woven fabric is made by interlacing lengthwise
  and crosswise yarns
• created on a machine called a loom.
• Knitted fabric is made by looping yarns together

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Weaves
2.7 Identify types of weaves and knits

• plain weave is made by passing a filling yarn
  over one warp yarn and then under one warp yarn.
  Over one under one pattern.
• muslin
• twill weave is made when a yarn in one direction
  floats(passes) over two or more yarns in the
  other direction.
• denim
• satin weave is made by floating a yarn from one
  direction over four or more yarns from the other
  direction then under one yarn.
• satin fabric

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Knits

• weft knitting is the process of knitting in which
  loops are made as yarn is added in the crosswise
  direction of the fabric.
• T-shirts
• hosiery
• warp knitting is the process of knitting in which
  loops are made by one or more sets of warps
  yarns.
• Tricot jersey
• lace

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2.8 Discuss processes for dyeing and printing
fabrics

• Dyeing
• Solution dyeing is the process of dyeing
  manufactured fibers by adding dye to the liquid
  before the fiber is forced through the spinneret.
  
• Fiber dyeing is the process of dyeing fibers
  before they are spun into yarns.
• Stock dyeing is the process of adding dye to
  loose fibers.
• Yarn dyeing is a dyeing process in which yarns
  are first wound onto spools and than placed in a
  dye bath.
• Piece dyeing is the process of adding dye after
  the fabric has been made.

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• Printing
• In roller printing the design is etched on copper
  rollers. A separate cylinder is used for each
  color.
• In rotary screen printing, the design is
  transferred onto a cylinder-shaped screen.
  There is a cylinder for each screen. Dye is
  forced through a pattern of holes in each screen.
• This is one of the newest and fasting
  printing methods.

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2.9 Identify fabric finishes

• Performance Finishes
• Antistatic prevent garments from cling to the
  wearer.
• Crease/wrinkle Resistant is treated with resins
  to help the fabric resists wrinkles.
• Durable/permanent Press heat sets fabrics or
  garments without using resins.
• Flame-Resistant cuts off the oxygen supply or
  changes the chemical make up fibers as a fabric
  burns. This causes the flame to extinguish
  itself.
• Mildew Resistant has a metallic chemical applied
  to the fabric to prevent mildew from forming.
• Mercerization is chemically treating fabric to
  improve luster, strength, and absorbency

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• Moth Repellant has chemicals added to dye baths
  to slightly change wool fibers so moths and
  carpet beetles will be repelled.
• Preshrunk fabrics are shrunk by moisture and heat
  and will not shrink more than 3 unless otherwise
  stated.
• Sanforized is a trademark that means that
  fabrics have been processed so they will not
  shrink more than 1 in either direction.
• Soil Release allows fabrics to be more easily
  wetted, allowing detergents to better job.
• Stain-Resistant finish cause fabrics to repel
  food, water, and other substances by reducing
  absorbency.
• Water-Repellant and Water-proof is applied to
  tightly woven fabrics to help them resist water.

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• Texture Finishes
• Calendaring finish has heat and pressure applied
  to the fabric to produce a smooth polished
  surface.
• Napping raises the short, loose fibers on the
  fabric surface to make it soft and fuzzy. 
• Sizing has a starch or resin applied to fabrics
  to increase weight, body, and luster.
• Weighting is the addition of metallic salts to
  silk.

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2.10 Describe laws and regulations related to
clothing and textile industries

• The Textile Fiber Products Identification Act
  (TFPIA) requires labels to tell what fibers are
  in the textile.
• The Care Labeling Rule states that all clothing
  (except hosiery) give clear, uniform, and
  detailed instructions for care and maintenance.
• The Flammable Fabrics Act specifies flammability
  standards for household textiles and apparel.

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2.11 Name consumer rights and responsibilities
regarding clothing and textiles

• Information cover in CM 1.16