Safety

1
Safety Health Management System Training

• Lesson 3 Worksite Analysis

2
Safety Health Management System (SHMS) Webinar
Series

• In this series of webinars developed under the
  Susan Harwood Grant, you will learn
• Lesson 1 - OSHA and the Importance of Having a
  Safety Health Management System (SHMS)
• Lesson 2 Management Commitment Leadership
• Lesson 3 Worksite Analysis
• Lesson 4 Hazard Prevention Control
• Lesson 5 Safety Health Training

3
Lesson 3 Contents

1. Objectives
2. Accident Investigation
3. Self-Inspection
4. Comprehensive Survey
5. Legal Requirements
6. Job Hazard Analysis

4
Objectives

• Learn the four methods of worksite analysis
• Accident/ Investigation System
• Routine self-inspections
• Comprehensive Surveys
• Job Hazard Analysis, or Other Pre-Use Analysis
• Learn how to effectively conduct each method
  within your organization.

5

• Poll Question 1

6
Accident Investigation

• Accident is defined as an unplanned event that
  results in personal injury or property damage.
• Accident is an indication of a deficiency in the
  SHMS.

7
Accident Investigation

• Incident
• An unplanned event that does not result in
  personal injury but may result in property damage
  or is worthy of recording.
• Near-Miss
• An event that does not result in an injury or
  damage. It is important to record and investigate
  near-misses to identify weaknesses in the SHMS
  that could possibly lead to an injury or damage.

8
Accident Investigation

• The primary goals of an accident investigation
  are
• To identify the root cause of the accident or
  incident
• To prevent the accident or incident from
  occurring again.
• Accident investigations and reports help identify
  these deficiencies.
• Must be conducted and written according to your
  organization's established documented procedures.

9
Accident Investigation

• The investigation process is "fact-finding" not
  "fault-finding". Not to place blame.
• When interviewing witnesses, ask open-ended
  questions, listen carefully and be courteous.
• For more guidance on accident investigation,
  visit the OSHA website Accident Investigation.

10
Accident Investigation

• Accident history records
• Another way to discover potential workplace
  hazards.
• Helps you identify past trends.
• To establish focused interventions that will
  prevent similar accidents from re-occurring.
• Also known as loss reports/runs.

11
Accident Investigation

• Elements of an accident investigation.
• A documented procedure is in place when an
  employee reports an accident, incident or near
  miss.
• Procedures include instructions for medical
  treatment of employees for all shifts.
• Employees are trained to report accidents
  immediately to their immediate supervisor.
• The investigation process may include a team of
  employees to ensure that the root cause of the
  accident or incident is identified.

12

• Poll Question 2

13

• Poll Question 3

14
Accident Investigation Exercise 1

• Identify Cause of CHC Accident
• Jim South, the Sales Manager at CHC, was in his
  office when he received a phone call from Mark
  Rebell. Mark reported that his hand had been
  injured and that he needed medical attention. He
  told Jim that he had been walking onto a job site
  while calling a client on his cell phone. He
  failed to notice a pile of debris stored near the
  sidewalk and accidentally tripped on a broken
  piece of pallet. He put his hands out to stop his
  fall and his right hand landed on a corner of the
  broken pallet, slicing a deep cut into his hand.
  He wanted to know what he should do next.

15
Accident Investigation Exercise 1 Answers

• Question 1
• Answer
• Jim South should immediately arrange proper
  medical care for Mark. While the injury is not
  life-threatening, it should be evaluated to
  determine if sutures are needed.
• Question 2
• Answer
• Absolutely. This injury may very likely require
  sutures, which would make it be recordable on the
  OSHA Form 300 (discussed on next page). In
  addition, the root cause of the accident should
  be identified so that future, similar accidents
  can be prevented.

16
Accident Investigation Exercise 1 Answers

• Question 3
• Answer
• Root causes of the accident were (1)
  inappropriate storage of debris near sidewalk
  used by employees to access the job site (poor
  housekeeping) and (2) distraction of employee as
  he dialed his cell phone.
• Preventive measures include (1) an action plan
  for communicating the importance of contractor
  housekeeping at all job sites, (2) routine
  inspection of all job sites for improper storage
  of debris and (3) prohibition against use of cell
  phones on job sites unless employees are in a
  safe place.

17
Self Inspection

• Reviewing injury and accident data is important,
  but visually inspecting your facility is the only
  way to know for sure if hazardous conditions are
• Present
• To determine if they are adequately being
  controlled.
• Self-inspections should be conducted on a regular
  basis because conditions can change.

18
Self Inspection

• Self-inspections promote employee participation
  by getting many employees involved.
• Those who conduct self-inspections can include,
  but are not limited to
• Top management, members of safety committees,
  departmental employees and safety and health
  staff.
• Rotating the employees who participate on the
  inspection team allows more employees to become
  involved with the SHMS.

19

• Poll Question 4

20
Self Inspection What are you looking for?

• Keep areas for potential hazards in mind when
  inspecting the following
• Housekeeping
• Cleanliness of work area leakage or spillage
  and cleaning methods
• Building Conditions
• Exit lights functional exits, stairs, and aisles
  free of obstruction

21
Self Inspection

• Electricity
• Electrical circuits labeled and unused openings
  closed.
• Machinery
• Effective guarding of point of operation and
  Lockout/tag out
• Chemicals
• Proper storage and labeling and protective
  equipment available and used properly.

22
Self Inspection

• Fire Protection
• Fire extinguishers free of obstruction fire
  alarms and sprinklers functional and evacuations
  routes posted.
• Material Handling
• Forklifts, cranes, and hoists properly inspected
  and operated.
• Personal Protective Equipment
• PPE is available and maintained properly and
  proper use of PPE.

23
Self Inspection

• Personnel
• Proper use of equipment and safe work practices.
• Examples of Self-Inspection Checklists
• OSHA Checklist
• OSHA Handbook for small businesses - Provides a
  good overview of self-inspection techniques. (See
  p. 24 for Checklist.)
• General Safety Audit Checklist (Word Format)

24
Self Inspection - Assignment

• Below are ideas to consider when conducting your
  self-inspection
• Train your employees on how to identify hazards
  prior to starting the self-inspection.
• Develop and utilize helpful checklists so that
  you don't forget anything when you're conducting
  the walk-through. Add extra blank spaces so that
  you can fill in items that are not yet included
  on the checklist. Later, you can modify your
  checklist to accommodate your particular
  workplace.
• Wear necessary PPE that may be defined by your
  organization. The safety inspection team should
  not be violating safety policies!
• Have necessary tools such as a tape measure,
  camera or electrical measuring devices to perform
  quick measurements of the workplace conditions.
• Don't forget to communicate and distribute the
  results of the completed self-inspection to
  appropriate departments.
• Similarly, don't forget to assign
  responsibilities and due dates for completing
  corrective actions.

25
Comprehensive Survey

• A comprehensive survey thorough investigation of
  the specific hazards in work environment.
• Investigates possible harmful conditions,
  conducts scientific measurements to determine
  potential personnel exposure, and helps to
  identify legal requirements where necessary.
• Different from a self-inspection in that it
  systematically identifies and documents common
  hazards common to your work environment

26
Comprehensive Survey

• Comparison of Results Comprehensive Survey vs.
  Self-Inspection

Comprehensive Survey Self-Inspection
Asbestos ceiling tiles are present in the building being renovated. Develop a plan to ensure compliance with the OSHA Asbestos standard 29 CFR 1910.1001, which includes but is not limited to employee training, installation of signs and Labels, and personal protective equipment. The asbestos sign has been removed and must be replaced.
The compressor room is a high noise area. Conduct sound level monitoring in the area to determine if employees must wear hearing protection when entering or working in the room according to the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.95. The box of hearing protection is empty and needs to be replaced.
27
Comprehensive Survey

• A comprehensive survey should be performed by
  professionals trained in occupational safety and
  health, industrial hygiene, ergonomics, or other
  specific areas.
• Your workers' compensation insurance carrier,
  private safety consultants, or even your local
  OSHA consultation office may be able to serve as
  resources.

28

• Poll Question 5

29
Legal Requirements

• Purpose of your comprehensive survey is to
  identify and understand the legal requirements
  with which you must comply

30
Legal Requirements

• According to the Occupational Safety and Health
  (OSH) Act
• employers are subject to the General Duty Clause
  at Section 5(a)(1),
• Employer shall furnish to each of his employees
  employment and a place of employment which are
  free from recognized hazards that are causing or
  are likely to cause death or serious physical
  harm to his employees.

31
Legal Requirements

• States are allowed to develop their own OSH plans
  but they must establish standards that are at
  least as stringent as those of federal OSHA.
• To determine if your state has its own plan with
  which you must comply, see State Occupational
  Safety and Health Plans (OSHA website).

32
Legal Requirements

• Legal requirements are grouped into these
  categories
• Industrial Hygiene
• Workplace Conditions
• Emergency Planning
• We will indicate whether or not the standards
  associated with the hazards in each category
  require a written program or training.

33
Legal Requirements

• Keep in mind that this section is not
  exhaustivemany hazards are not covered. What
  follows are the most commonly found hazards in
  general industry.

34

• Poll Question 6

35
Legal Requirements

• Industrial Hygiene Chemical Hazards
• Do your employees handle chemicals or dusty
  materials in your workplace?
• If so, it is your responsibility to provide
  information on these hazards and to determine if
  your employees' exposure exceeds permissible
  levels.

36

• Poll Question 7

37
Legal Requirements

• Industrial Hygiene Other Hazards
• Are your employees exposed to loud noise,
  repetitive motions or bloodborne pathogens? If
  so, it is your responsibility to provide
  information on these hazards and to determine if
  the exposure to your employees exceeds acceptable
  levels

38
Legal Requirements

• Bloodborne Pathogens (BBP)
• Pathogenic microorganisms that are present in
  human blood and can cause disease in humans.
  These pathogens include, but are not limited to,
  Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Human
  Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).
• Other Potentially Infectious Materials (OPIM)
• The following fluids semen, vaginal secretions,
  cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), synovial fluid,
  pleural fluid, pericardial fluid, peritoneal
  fluid, amniotic fluid, saliva in dental
  procedures, any body fluid that is visibly
  contaminated with blood, and all body fluids in
  situations where it is difficult or impossible to
  differentiate between body fluids

39

• Poll Question 8

40

• Poll Question 9

41
Legal Requirements

• Emergency Planning
• OSHA requires you to develop written emergency
  plans and to train your employees appropriately
  in case of emergencies, such as fires, chemical
  spills, medical emergencies and weather events.
• Exit Routes
• Emergency Action
• Fire Safety
• Medical and First Aid

42
Legal Requirements

• Required Written Programs and Plans
• Following your comprehensive survey, you may be
  subject to developing and implementing some
  written programs.
• A written program documents how your company will
  comply with the legal requirement, and OSHA will
  request to see them if your facility is inspected.

43
Legal Requirements

• OSHA has templates for some written plans and
  programs that you may customize for your specific
  worksite (check your state too).
• The following list of plans and programs are
  often implemented by small businesses (not an
  exhaustive list).

44
Legal Requirements

• Bloodborne Pathogen (BBP) Exposure Control Plan
• Chemical Hygiene Plan
• Confined Space Entry
• Emergency Action Plan
• Hazard Communication Program
• Lockout/Tagout - Mechanical and/or Electrical
• PPE Hazard Assessments
• Respiratory Protection Program

45
Legal Requirements

• The following plans are not required to be
  written but are certainly recommended
• Forklift Safety
• Hearing Conservation
• Hot Work Permit (required for Process Safety
  Management)
• Templates http//www.osha.gov/dcsp/compliance_ass
  istance/sampleprograms.html

46

• Poll Question 10

47
Job Hazard Analysis

• Job Hazard Analysis (or JHA) is a valuable
  technique, utilized in companies of all sizes, to
  routinely examine and analyze safety and health
  hazards associated with individual jobs or
  processes.
• Note Some companies use the terms "Job Safety
  Analysis" and "JSA" instead of "Job Hazard
  Analysis".

48
Job Hazard Analysis

• JHA can be used to identify, analyze and record
• the steps involved in performing a specific job.
• the existing or potential safety and health
  hazards associated with each step.
• the recommended action(s) / procedure(s) that
  will eliminate or reduce these hazards and the
  risk of a workplace injury or illness.

49
Job Hazard Analysis

• JHA is useful for jobs that have high injury and
  illness rates.
• Jobs with the potential to cause severe or
  disabling injuries.
• Jobs that are new to your operation, or complex
  jobs that require written instructions.

50
Job Hazard Analysis

• Tip How to start a JHA
• Select the job to be analyzed.
• Define the specific steps or tasks to do the job.
• Define the hazards associated with each task.
• Make recommendations to minimize or eliminate the
  hazard.
• When conducting a JHA, involve employees whose
  jobs or tasks are being analyzed.

51
Job Hazard Analysis Exercise 1

• Conduct a Job Hazard Analysis
• To give you practice conducting a JHA, do one for
  changing the oil in your car.
• Identify the steps or tasks in changing the oil
  in your car.
• For each task, identify the associated hazards
  and then make recommendations to minimize or
  eliminate the hazard.

52
Job Hazard Analysis Assignment

• Remember to involve your employees when
  conducting a JHA at your workplace.
• Review your accident history or jobs that are
  complex to identify jobs that will benefit from a
  JHA.
• Develop a team of employees and/or Supervisors to
  conduct the JHA and provide training prior to
  starting the JHA.
• Outline the job into specific tasks or steps. It
  may be helpful to observe or videotape the job
  being analyzed to ensure all tasks or steps are
  included.
• Develop and utilize your own form to record the
  JHA.

53
Conclusion

• This is the end of Lesson 3, please take the
  post-test and complete the lesson evaluation
  form.
• Sign up for Lesson 4 and subsequent lessons.
• In order to get your certificate of completion
  for this series, you must complete all 5 lessons.

54

• This course, funded by an OSHA-sponsored Susan
  Harwood grant, is designed to assist small and
  medium sized businesses in developing and
  implementing an effective safety and health
  management system.
• This material was produced under grant
  SH-17814-08-60-F-24 from the Occupational Safety
  Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor.
  It does not necessarily reflect the views and
  policies of the U.S. Department of Labor, nor
  does mention of trade names, commercial products,
  or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S.
  Government.

55
Legal Requirements Reference

• Specific OSHA Standards and
• Legal Requirements

56
Legal Requirements

• Industrial Hygiene Chemical Hazards
• OSHA STD 29 CFR 1910.1200.
• Hazard Communication standards ensure that the
  hazards of chemicals are evaluated and that this
  information is communicated to employers and
  employees.
• Requires the employer to provide chemical
  labeling, MSDS and employee training.
• Written Program Required? Yes. Hazard
  Communication Program.
• Training Required? Yes. Initial training and when
  a new hazard is introduced
• For More Info Hazard Communication (OSHA site).

57
Legal Requirements

• Air Contaminants for Toxic and Hazardous
  Substances
• OSHA STD 29 CFR 1910.1000.If you have hazardous
  chemicals in the workplace, you must determine if
  there is a legal limit of exposure that is
  allowed for your employees and if the levels in
  your workplace exceed the legal limit. There are
  3 tables in 29 CFR 1910.1000 that list legally
  enforceable limits for chemical exposure
• Table Z-1 - Limits for Air Contaminants
• Table Z-2 - Toxic and Hazardous Substances
• Table Z-3 - Mineral Dusts

58
Legal Requirements

• Written Program Required? No, but you must
  document any air monitoring results, even if the
  monitoring reports that there is no employee
  exposure.
• Training Required? No.
• For More Info Hazardous Toxic Substances (OSHA
  site).

59
Legal Requirements

• Hazardous Chemicals in laboratories
• OSHA STD 29 CFR 1910.1450.If you have
  laboratories in your facility where you handle
  hazardous chemicals, you may be subject to the
  regulations of this standard.
• Written Program Required? Yes. Chemical Hygiene
  Plan
• Training Required? Yes. Initial training and when
  a new hazard is introduced.
• For More Info Laboratories (OSHA site)

60
Legal Requirements

• Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous
  Chemicals
• OSHA STD 29 CFR 1910.119.If your company
  handles or stores highly hazardous chemicals in a
  quantity that exceeds the threshold quantity that
  is defined in this OSHA standard, you may be
  subject to implementing a Process Safety
  Management (PSM) Program. This is a comprehensive
  program that is designed to prevent catastrophic
  releases of highly hazardous chemicals.
• Written Program Required? Yes. This standard
  actually requires several written documents such
  as written process safety information, process
  hazard analysis, written operating procedures,
  and more.
• Training Required? Yes. Initial training and when
  modifications are made to the system. If your
  employees respond to emergency releases of
  hazardous chemicals, initial and annual refresher
  training is required.

61
Legal Requirements

• Noise
• OSHA STD 29 CFR 1910.95.You must provide
  protection against the effects of noise exposure
  when the sound levels exceed those indicated by
  the OSHA standard. Hearing loss can occur if
  employees are exposed to continuous or
  intermittent loud noise. If noise levels exceed
  85 dBA over a time-weighted average of 8 hours, a
  hearing conservation program must be implemented
  that includes engineering and administrative
  controls, hearing protection, audiometric testing
  and training.
• Written Program Required? No. A written hearing
  conservation program is not required, although
  you must document sound level monitoring results
  and employee audiometric testing. It is certainly
  beneficial to develop a written program even
  though it is not required.
• Training Required? Yes. Initial and annual
  training for employees in the hearing
  conservation program
• For More Info Noise Hearing Conservation (OSHA
  site).

62
Legal Requirements

• Ergonomics
• OSHA STD None.While there is currently no OSHA
  Ergonomics standard, OSHA recognizes the value of
  implementing ergonomics programs to prevent
  musculoskeletal disorders as well as increase
  employee comfort and productivity.
• Training Required? No, not required but certainly
  recommended.
• For More Info OSHA has developed numerous
  industry guidelines and other resources to assist
  you.
• See Ergonomics website.

63
Legal Requirements

• Bloodborne Pathogens
• OSHA STD 29 CFR 1910.1030.If your employees
  have exposure or potential exposure to blood,
  bloodborne pathogens or other potentially
  infectious materials, OSHA requires you to
  implement an Exposure Control Plan. Jobs where
  this potential exposure may occur include but are
  not limited to healthcare professionals (nurses,
  doctors, surgeons, dentists, etc.), morticians,
  lifeguards, tattoo and body piercing.
• Written Program Required? Yes. Exposure Control
  Plan.
• Training Required? Yes. Initial and annual
  training.
• For More Info See Bloodborne Pathogens and
  Needlestick Prevention (OSHA website)

64
Legal Requirements

• PPE Hazard Assessment
• OSHA STD OSHA website for PPE Standards.You
  must assess the hazards in the workplace and
  properly select the PPE for the hazard and
  document this in a written PPE Hazard Assessment
  (see links to sample form below). Employees must
  be trained on how to use, maintain and replace
  worn PPE.
• Written Program Required? Yes. The PPE Hazard
  Assessment shall have a written certification.
• Training Required? Yes. Initial training on how
  to properly wear and maintain the PPE

65
Legal Requirements

• Industrial Hygiene PPE
• To protect employees against environmental
  hazards, you must provide personal protective
  equipment (PPE).
• Eye /Face Protection - OSHA STD 29 CFR 1910.133.
  
• Eye and face protection shall be provided when
  employees are exposed to hazards such as flying
  particles, molten metal or liquid chemicals.
  Examples of eye and face protection include
  safety glasses, goggles and face shields.
• Written Program Required? Yes, included in the
  PPE Hazard Assessment.
• Training Required? Yes. Initial training on how
  to properly wear and maintain the eye and face
  protection.

66
Legal Requirements

• Respiratory Protection
• OSHA STD 29 CFR 1910.134.Respirators shall be
  provided when necessary to protect the health of
  your employees against atmospheric contamination
  such as harmful dusts, fumes, mists, gases, or
  vapors. Examples of respiratory protection
  include dust masks, cartridge respirators and
  self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
• Written Program Required? Yes, Respiratory
  Protection Program.
• Training Required? Yes. Initial training
  refresher training is required annually and when
  a new hazard is introduced.

67
Legal Requirements

• Head Protection
• OSHA STD 29 CFR 1910.135.
• Head protection is required when working in areas
  where there is a potential for injury to the head
  from falling objects. Examples of head protection
  are hard hats and bump caps.
• Written Program Required? Yes, included in the
  PPE Hazard Assessment.
• Training Required? Yes. Initial training on how
  to properly wear and maintain the head
  protection.

68
Legal Requirements

• Foot Protection
• OSHA STD 29 CFR 1910.136.
• Foot protection is required when working in areas
  where there is a danger of foot injuries.
  Steel-toed safety shoes are an example of foot
  protection.
• Written Program Required? Yes, included in the
  PPE Hazard Assessment.
• Training Required? Yes. Initial training on how
  to properly wear and maintain the foot
  protection.

69
Legal Requirements

• Hand / Body Protection
• OSHA STD 29 CFR 1910.138.
• Hand and body protection is required when
  employees are exposed to hazards such as harmful
  substances, severe cuts or lacerations, chemical
  or thermal burns, or harmful temperature
  extremes. Examples of hand protection include
  gloves and gauntlets.
• Written Program Required? Yes, included in the
  PPE Hazard Assessment.
• Training Required? Yes. Initial training on how
  to properly wear and maintain the hand and/or
  body protection.

70
Legal Requirements

• Work place conditions - What process-related
  hazards are present in your workplace?
• OSHA STD 29 CFR 1910.22 - 1910.30. Walking /
  Working Surfaces - Your workplace should be
  designed to prevent employee slips, trips or
  falls. This includes your housekeeping practices,
  the protection provided for floor and wall
  openings, and the use and design of stairs,
  ladders, platforms, and other walking or working
  surfaces.
• Written Program Required? No.
• Training Required? Not specifically to this OSHA
  standard, although your employees should know the
  importance of proper housekeeping, the safe use
  of ladders and methods of fall protection

71
Legal Requirements

• Confined Space
• OSHA STD 29 CFR 1910.146
• Does your workplace contain spaces that are
  considered "confined" because their
  configurations hinder the activities of employees
  who must enter, work in and exit them?
• OSHA defines a "confined space" as a space that
  can be bodily entered, has limited means for
  entry or exit, and is not designed for employee
  occupancy.

72
Legal Requirements

• Confined Space
• When a confined space poses additional hazards,
  such as entrapment, asphyxiating atmospheres, or
  the moving parts of machinery, the space is
  defined by OSHA as a Permit-Required Confined
  Space.
• Ensure safe entry into Permit-Required Confined
  Spaces by implementing a written permit space
  program and properly training your employees.
• If you decide that you will not train or
  authorize your employees to enter confined
  spaces, be sure to label the spaces appropriately
  to prevent unauthorized entry.
• Written Program Required? Yes, for
  Permit-Required Confined Spaces (the
  Permit-Required Confined Space Entry Program).
• Training Required? Yes. Initial training and when
  a new hazard is introduced for entrants,
  attendants and entry supervisors. If employees
  are trained to perform rescue duties, they must
  practice permit space rescues at least once every
  12 months

73
Legal Requirements

• Machine Guarding
• OSHA STD 29 CFR 1910.211 - 1910.219.Moving
  machine parts have the potential for causing
  severe workplace injuries, such as crushed
  fingers or hands, amputations, burns, or
  blindness.
• Any machine part, function or process that may
  cause injury must be safeguarded.
• Types of equipment such as abrasive wheels
  (grinding wheels), punch presses, woodworking
  equipment and others must be protected.
• Written Program Required? No.
• Training Required? Yes, training is required
  specifically for mechanical power presses
  however, all employees should know guards are not
  to be bypassed

74
Legal Requirements

• Electrical Safety
• Too many standards to list here. Please see OSHA
  "Electrical" Employees who service electrical
  equipment must know how to do so safely. Working
  with electricity can be dangerous and you should
  know how to protect your employees against
  electrical hazards.
• Written Program Required? Yes, if your employees
  work on or near exposed de-energized parts. The
  Lockout/Tagout Energy Control Program may meet
  this requirement.
• Training Required? Yes. Initial training and when
  a new hazard is introduced.

75
Legal Requirements

• Lockout / Tagout
• OSHA STD 29 CFR 1910.147. If your employees
  maintain or service equipment, appropriate
  precautions must be taken to prevent potential
  exposure to energy.
• Energy sources should be isolated, locked out and
  tagged to ensure that the equipment does not
  start during the servicing or maintenance.
• You must develop a written program and provide
  training to your employees to protect them from
  hazardous energy during equipment servicing.
• Written Program Required? Yes. Lockout/Tagout
  Energy Control Program.
• Training Required? Yes. Initial training and when
  a new hazard is introduced. Employees authorized
  to lock out or tag out machines or equipment must
  have an annual review of the employee's
  responsibilities under the energy control
  procedure and an annual periodic inspection

76
Legal Requirements

• Powered Industrial Trucks
• OSHA STD 29 CFR 1910.178. Powered industrial
  trucks must be maintained and operated safely.
• Each year in the U.S., nearly 100 workers are
  killed and another 20,000 are seriously injured
  in forklift-related incidents BLS 1997, 1998.
• Forklift overturns are the leading cause of
  fatalities involving forklifts they represent
  about 25 of all forklift-related deaths
• Written Program Required? No. Although not
  required, it is beneficial to develop a written
  procedure that describes your internal policies
  for operating powered industrial trucks in your
  facility. Therefore, your employees can easily
  read the rules.
• Training Required? Yes. Initial training and an
  Operator Performance Evaluation every 3 years.
  Refresher training may be required if an operator
  operates a vehicle unsafely, is involved in an
  accident or near-miss or meets other criteria as
  indicated in the OSHA standard

77
Legal Requirements

• Exit Routes
• OSHA STD 29 CFR 1910.34 - 1910.37 You must
  comply with the requirements for exit routes in
  the workplace to minimize dangers to employees
  during an evacuation.
• Written Program Required? No.
• Training Required? No.
• Emergency Action
• OSHA STD 29 CFR 1910.38.An Emergency Action
  Plan is required by some OSHA standards and is
  generally recommended by OSHA. This plan
  describes the actions that employees will take to
  ensure their safety in a fire or other emergency.
  
• Written Program Required? Yes. Emergency Action
  Plan.
• Training Required? Yes. Initial training and when
  a new plan is introduced

78
Legal Requirements

• Fire Safety
• OSHA STD 29 CFR 1910.39.A Fire Prevention Plan
  is required by some OSHA standards, although it
  is generally recommended to implement one. In
  addition, there are several fire safety issues to
  address in your facility such as the storage of
  flammable liquids, welding and paint spray
  finishing.
• Written Program Required? Yes. Fire Prevention
  Plan.
• Training Required? Yes, initial training and when
  a new hazard is introduced.

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Legal Requirements

• Medical and First Aid
• OSHA STD 29 CFR 1910.151.While it is your
  ultimate goal to keep your workplace free from
  recognized hazards, it is appropriate to plan for
  responding to employee injuries. This can include
  providing access to medical personnel, providing
  first aid supplies and providing first aid
  training to employees.
• Written Program Required? No.
• Training Required? Yes, if you choose to train
  your employees in CPR and First Aid. Don't forget
  to include Bloodborne Pathogens training if these
  employees have exposure to blood or other
  potentially infectious materials.
• For More Info Medical and First Aid (OSHA site)