Title: Proper Usage of Drugs, Chemicals and Feed Additives in Market Show Animals
1Proper Usage of Drugs, Chemicals and Feed
Additives in Market Show Animals
- Floron C. Faries, Jr., DVM, MS
- Professor and Extension Program Leader
- Texas AgriLife Extension Service
- Texas AM System
2Definition of a Drug Based on Usage
- Any compound administered or applied with the
intent - To prevent
- To treat
- To make a change in body function
3- Proper Usage
- Read the label!
- Follow the label!
- Think residues!
- Drug Usages
- Prevent diseases
- Prevent conditions
- Treat diseases
- Treat conditions
- Change functions
4Approved Drug Types
- Vaccines
- Antibiotics/Antibacterials
- Chemicals
- Hormones/Steroids
- Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank
- http//www.farad.org
- 1-888-USFARAD
- usfarad_at_gmail.com
5Within-Label Drug Usage
- Approved drug for animal species on label
- Correct route on label
- Correct dosage on label
- Usage on label
- Withdrawal time on label
6Drug Withdrawal Time
- Drug elimination time for safe level in body
- Drug below tolerant level in tissues
- Published on label
- Time more than 24 hrs
- Total drug elimination time longer than WT
- Drug in urine
- Do not enter show until WT and ET expired
- Drug in urine
- Urine must be drug negative
- Do not slaughter until WT expired
- Drug above tolerant level in tissues
7Drug Elimination Time
- Time to be eliminated from body
- Do not enter show until expired
- Drug in urine
- Urine must be drug negative
- WT not published on label
- Time less than 24 hrs
- Time more than 24 hrs considered safe
8Prescription Drugs
- Caution Federal law restricts this drug to use
by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian - Dispensed Veterinarian Label
9Unapproved Drug Types
- Tranquilizers (ace, thorazine)
- Natural tranquilizers (vitamin B6, tryptophan,
herbs) - Local anesthetics (procaine, lidocaine)
- Diuretics (except Lasix, Diuril for udder
edema) - Natural dewormers (tobacco, garlic, DE)
- Caffeine diuretics (coffee, tea, chocolate, soda)
- Alcohol tranquilizers (beer, whiskey)
- Human drugs (topical, oral, parenteral)
10Prohibited Drug Types
- Diethylsilbestrol
- Chloramphenicol
- Nitroimidazoles
- Clenbuterol
- Dipyrone
- Fluoroquinolines
- Glycopeptides
- Nitrofurans (oral, topical, parenteral)
- Gentian Violet
- Sulfonamide (adult dairy cattle)
- Phenylbutazone (adult dairy cattle)
11Extra-Label Drug Usage
- Approved animal drugs and human drugs
- Federal law restricts extra-label drug use by or
on the order of a licensed veterinarian - Dispensed Veterinarian Label
- Prescribed Veterinarian Prescription
- Not permitted in feed and water
- Examples
- Coccidiostats
- Antibacterials, Antibiotics
- Dewormers
- Ractopamines (Paylean, Optaflexx)
- Zilpaterol (Zilmax)
12Medicated FeedCoccidiostats
- Goats
- Decoquinate (Deccox)
- Monensin (Rumensin)
- Sheep
- Decoquinate (Deccox)
- Monensin (Rumensin)
- Lasalocid (Bovatec, Avatec)
13Medicated FeedAntibacterials
- Goats
- None
- Sheep
- Chlortetracycline (Aureomycin)
- Oxytetracycline (Terramycin)
- Neomycin (Neomix)
14Antibiotics
- Goats
- Neomycin Oral Solution
- Naxcel
- Sheep
- Neomycin Oral Solution
- Naxcel
- Micotil
- Penicillin
15Dewormers
- Goats
- Fenbendazole Oral Suspension
- Safe-Guard, Panacur
- Sheep
- Ivermectin Oral Suspension
- Ivomec Drench
- Levamisole Oral Powder/Bolus
- Tramisol, Levasole
- Albendazole Oral Suspension
- Valbazen
- Moxidectin Oral Solution
- Cydectin
16Approved Drugs for Rabbits
- Medicated feed coccidiostats
- Lasalocid (Bovatec, Avatec)
- Sulfaquinoxalene (S.Q.)
- No medicated feed antibacterials
- No antibiotics
- No dewormers
1769-4690-002LIQUAMYCINLA-200(OXYTETRACYCLINE
INJECTION)Each ml contains 200mg of
oxytetracycline base as oxytetracycline
amphotericFor Use in Beef Cattle,Nonlactating
Dairy Cattle and Swine
- LIQUAMYCIN LA-200 (oxytetracycline injection)
is a sterile, ready-to-use solution for the
administration of the broad-spectrum antibiotic
oxytetracycline (Terramycin) by injection.
Terramycin, discovered by Pfizer scientists, is
an antimicrobial agent that is effective in the
treatment of a wide range of disease caused by
susceptible gram-positive and gram-negative
bacteria. - LIQUAMYCIN LA-200 administered to cattle or
swine for the treatment of bacterial pneumonia at
an intramuscular dosage of 9 milligrams of
oxytetracycline per pound of body weight, has
been demonstrated in clinical trials to be as
effective as two or three repeated, daily
treatments of Terramycin Injectable at 3 to 5
milligrams per pound of body weight.
- LIQUAMYCIN LA-200 does not require
refrigeration however, it is recommended that it
be stored at room temperature, 15-30C
(59-86F). The antibiotic activity of
oxytetracy-cline is not appreciably diminished in
the presence of body fluids, serum, or exudates. - WARNING
- Discontinue treatment at least 28 days prior to
slaughter of cattle and swine. - Not for use in lactating dairy animals.
18PRECAUTIONS
- Exceeding the highest recommended dosage level of
drug per pound of body weight per day,
administering more than the recommended number of
treatments, and/or exceeding 10 ml
intramuscularly per injection site in adult beef
cattle and nonlactating dairy cattle, and 5 ml
intramuscularly per injection site in adult
swine, may result in antibiotic residues beyond
the withdrawal period. - Reactions of an allergic or anaphylactic nature,
sometimes fatal, have been known to occur in
hypersensitive animals following the injection of
oxytetracycline. Such adverse reactions can be
characterized by signs such as restlessness,
erection of hair, muscle trembling swelling of
eyelids, ears, muzzle, anus and vulva ( or
scrotum and sheath in males) labored breathing,
defecation and urination, glassy-eyed appearance,
eruption of skin plaques, frothing from the
mouth, and prostration. Pregnant animals that
recover may subsequently abort. At the first
sign of any adverse reaction, discontinue use of
this product and administer epinephrine at the
recommended dosage levels. Call a veterinarian
immediately. - Shock may be observed following intravenous
administration, especially where highly
concentrated materials are involved. To minimize
this occurrence, it is recommended that
LIQUAMYCIN LA-200 be administered slowly by
this route. - Shortly after injection, treated animals may have
transient hemoglobinuria resulting in darkened
urine. - As with all antibiotic preparations, use of this
drug may result in overgrowth of non-susceptible
organisms, including fungi. A lack or response
by the treated animal, or the development of new
signs, may suggest that an overgrowth of
non-susceptible organisms has occurred. If any
of these conditions occur, consult your
veterinarian. - Since bacteriostatic drugs may interfere with the
bactericidal action of penicillin, it is
advisable to avoid giving LIQUAMYCIN LA-200 in
conjunction with penicillin. - STORAGE Store at room temperature, 15-30C
(59-86F). Keep from freezing.
19Lasix (furosemide)
- A diuretic-saluretic for prompt relief of edema.
- Caution Federal law restricts this drug to use
by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian. - DESCRIPTION
- Lasix (furosemide) is a chemically distinct
diuretic and saluretic pharmacodynamically
characterized by the following - 1) A high degree of efficacy, low-inherent
toxicity and a high therapeutic index. - 2) A rapid onset of action and of comparatively
short duration. 1,2 - 3) A pharmacological action in the functional
area of the nephron, i.e., proximal and distal
tubules and the ascending limb of the loop of
Henele, 2, 3, 4 - 4) A dose-response relationship and a ratio of
minimum to maximum effective dose range greater
than ten-fold. 1, 2 - 5) If may be administered orally or
parenterally. It is readily absorbed from the
intestinal tract and well tolerated. The
intravenous route produces the most rapid
diuretic response.
- Lasix (furosemide), a diuretic, is an
anthranilic acid derivative with the following
structural formula - Generic name Furosemide (except in United
Kingdom-frusemide). Chemical name
4-chloro-N-furfuryl-5-sulfamoylanthranilic acid. -
-
20- ACTIONS
- The therapeutic efficacy of Lasix.
- (furosemide) is from the activity of the
- intact and unaltered molecule
- throughout the nephron, inhibiting the
- reabsorption of sodium not only in
- the proximal and distal tubule but also
- in the ascending limb of the loop of
- Henle. The prompt onset of action is
- a result of the drug's rapid absorption
- and a poor lipid solubility. The low
- lipid solubility and a rapid renal
- excretion minimize the possibility of its
- accumulation in tissues and organs or
- crystalluria. Lasix (furosemide) has no
- inhibitory effect on carbonic anhydrase or
- aldosterone activity in the distal tubule.
- The drug possesses diuretic activity either
- INDICATIONS
- Dogs Cats Horses
- Lasix (furosemide) is an effective
- diuretic possessing a wide therapeutic
- range. Pharmacologically it promotes the
- rapid removal of abnormally retained
- extracellular fluids. The rationale for the
- efficacious use of diuretic therapy is
- determined by the clinical pathology
- producing the edema. Lasix furosemide)
- is indicated for the treatment of
- edema (pulmonary congestion ascites)
- associated with cardiac insufficiency and
- acute noninflammatory tissue edema.
- The continued use of heart stimulants
- such as digitalis or its glycosides is
- indicated in cases of edema involving
- cardiac insufficiency.
21- Cattle
- Lasix (furosemide) is indicated for the
- treatment of physiological parturient
- edema of the mammary gland and associated
- structures.
- CONTRAINDICATIONS - PRECAUTIONS
- Lasix (furosemide) is a highly effective
- diuretic-saluretic which it given in excessive
- amounts may result in dehydration and
- electrolyte imbalance Therefore, the dosage and
- schedule may have to be adjusted to the
- patient's needs. The animal should be observed
- for early signs of electrolyte imbalance and
- corrective measures administered. Early signs
- of eleclrolyte imbalance are increased thirst,
- lethargy, drowsiness or restlessness fatigue,
- oliguria, gastro-intestinal disturbances and
- tachycardia. Special attention should be given
to
- DOSAGE ORAL
- DOG AND CAT
- One-half to one 5O mg scored tablet per 25
- pounds body weight. One 12.5 mg tablet per 5
- to 10 pounds body weight. Administer once or
- twice daily permitting a 6- to 8-hour interval
- between treatments. In refractory or severe
- edematous cases the dosage may be doubled or
- increased by increments of 1 mg per pound body
- weight as recommended in preceding
- paragraphs Dosage and Administration
- PARENTERAL
- DOG AND CAT
- Administer intramuscularly or Intravenously 1/4
- to ½ ml per 10 pounds body weight.
- Administer once or twice daily, permitting a 6-
to - 8-hour interval between treatments. In refractory
- or severe edematous cases the dosage may be
22- HORSE
- The individual dose is 250 to 500 mg (5 to
- 10 mL) administered intramuscularly or
- intravenously once or twice daily at 6- to 8-
- hour intervals until desired results are
- achieved. The veterinarian should
- evaluate the degree of edema present and
- adjust dosage schedule accordingly. Do
- not use in horses intended for food.
- CATTLE
- The Individual dose administered
- intramuscularly or intravenously is 500 mg
- (10 ml) once daily or 250 mg (5 ml)
- twice daily at 12-hour intervals. Treatment
- not to exceed 48 hours postparturition.
- Milk taken from animals during
- treatment and for 48 hours (four
- milkings) after the last treatment must
- HOW SUPPLIED
- Parental Lasix (furosemide) injection 5.
- Each mL contains 50 mg furosemide as a
- diethanolamine salt preserved and
- stabilized with myristyl-gamma-picolinium
- chloride 0.02 EDTA sodium 0.1
- sodium sulfite 0.1 with sodium chloride
- 0.2 in distilled water pH adjusted with
- sodium hydroxide.
- Available In 50 mL multidose vials
- Tablets
- 50 mg (scored) tablets
- Each tablet contains 50.0 milligrams of
- furosemide
- 4-chloro-N-furfuryl-5-sulfamoylanthranilic
- acid. 12.5 mg tablets.
- Each tablet contains 12.5 milligrams of
- furosemide
- 4-chloro-N-furfuryl-5-sulfamoylanthranilic
23- CAUTION. Federal law restricts this drug to use
by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian - DESCRIPTION
- Acepromazine Maleate, a potent neuroleptic agent
with a - low order of toxicity, is of particular value In
the - tranquilization of dogs, cats, and horses. Its
rapid action - and lack of hypnotic effect are added advantages.
- According to Baker,' the scope of possible
applications - for this compound in veterinary practice is only
limited by - the imagination of the practitioner.
- CHEMISTRY
- Acepromazine (10.(3.(dimethylamino) propyl)
- phenothiazin-2-yl-methyl ketonel Maleate has the
- following chemical structure.
24- ACTIONS
- PromAce (Acepromazine Maleate) has a
- depressant effect on the central nervous
- system and therefore causes sedation, muscular
- relaxation and a reduction in spontaneous
- activity It acts rapidly, exerting a prompt and
- pronounced calming effect.
- INDICATIONS
- DOGS AND CATS
- PromAce Injectable and Tablets can be used as
- an aid in controlling intractable animals during
- examination, treatment. grooming, x.ray, and
- minor surgical procedures to alleviate itching
as - a result of skin irritation as an antie-metic to
- control vomiting associated with motion
- sickness. PromAce Injectable is particularly
- useful as a preanesthetic agent (1) to enhance
- and prolong the effects of barbiturates, thus
- HORSES
- PromAce Injectable can be used as an aid in
- controlling fractious animals. During
- examination, treatment, loading and
- transportation. Particularly useful when
- used in conjunction with local anesthesia for
- firing, castration, neurectomy, removal of
- skin tumors, ocular surgery and applying casts.
25Product Details - ZILMAX Reg.No. G2180 Act
36/1947 Indications Non-steroidal growth
stimulant for improved body mass gain and feed
conversion in feedlot cattle. It improves the
beef fat ratio in the carcass by reducing fat
deposition. Storage STORE AT 0 - 25 ºC IN A
TIGHTLY CLOSED CONTAINER AWAY FROM
SUNLIGHT. Composition Contains Zilpaterol 48
g/kg Warnings Do not slaughter cattle for human
consumption within 3 days of cessation of
treatment. HANDLE WITH CARE. POISONOUS WHEN
SWALLOWED. Operators handling Zilmax should wear
protective clothing, gloves and a dust mask when
preparing medicated feed. Wash thoroughly after
handling the product. If accidental eye contact
occurs rinse thoroughly with water. Keep out of
reach of children, uniformed persons and animals.
This product should not be used together with
any products known to affect blood pressure or
heart beat. Store away from food. Although this
remedy has been extensively tested under a large
variety of conditions, failure thereof may ensue
as a result of a wide range of reasons. If this
is suspected, seek veterinary advice and notify
the registration holder.
26Precautions Protect from direct sunlight.
Operators handling Zilmax should wear protective
clothing, gloves and a dust mask when preparing
medicated feed. Wash thoroughly after handling
the product. If accidental eye contact occurs
rinse thoroughly with water. Do not use in bulls
intended for breeding. Do not exceed the
recommended levels of Zilmax premix. Withdrawal
Period 3 days Zilmax Type B Medicated Feed
Caution Directions for use USE ONLY AS
DIRECTED
27Dosage and Administration Use only in feedlot
cattle up to 30 days in the final finishing stage
prior to slaughter. Zilmax is not to be used in
the feeding of weaners or stores in the growing
phase prior to introduction into a feedlot.
Zilmax (4,8 ) should be mixed into feed at a
level of 125 g per metric ton, to provide 6 g of
Zilmax per metric tone of total ration, so each
animal consumes approximately 60 mg/head per day.
Rations containing silage or other wet feeds
should be corrected to a 90 dry matter basis.
It is recommended that Zilmax should be
thoroughly mixed in a small quantity of feed
before it is incorporated into the bulk of the
total feed to be prepared. Legal implications
with the use of Zilmax The use of Zilmax by any
other method than stipulated under Directions for
Use is a criminal offence and is punishable by a
R40 000 fine and/or a two year jail sentence.