Social Studies Graduation Exam Study Guide

1
Social Studies Graduation Exam Study Guide

• Chapter One The Pre-Colonial Eras
• Directions Answer the following completely as
  you read pages 13-20 of the grad exam workbook.

2

• Name the Holy Wars waged from 1095-1270 between
  the Europeans and the Muslims in the Middle East?

3

• As a result of these Holy Wars, what items did
  the Europeans from the West discover in the
  Middle East?

4

• What is the name of the instrument sailors used
  to find their position from the stars?
• From whom did they get the device?

5

• What is the name of the instrument that used a
  magnetic needle to indicate direction?

6

• What was the name of the new type of ship
  developed during the age of exploration?

7

• The time period in Europe in which individuals
  sought to understand the Greek and Roman literary
  classics is called_______.

8

• What was the name of the movement in which people
  began to question the validity of the practices
  of the Catholic Church?

9

• Who was the leader of the movement to reform the
  Catholic Church?

10

• Who was the Italian explorer, representing Spain,
  who set out in 1492 to find a new route to Asia?

11

• The Columbian Exchange was the sharing of
  cultures between the Americas and Europe. List
  five results of the Columbian Exchange.
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.
• 4.
• 5.

12

• What did the Spanish and Portuguese explorers
  want from the countries of the New World?

13

• Where did the French mainly settle in the New
  World?

14

• In what area did the English chiefly settle in
  the New World?

15

• List 6 major factors that led to New World
  exploration.
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.
• 4.
• 5.
• 6.

16

• What is the Spanish term for conqueror or
  explorer?

17

• Who led the Spanish to conquer the Aztec Empire
  (in 1519)?

18

• Who led the Spanish to conquer the Inca Empire
  (in 1535)?

19

• Who had better weapons . . . the Spanish or the
  Native Americans?

20

• How did the Native Americans react to seeing
  fair-skinned people and horses for the first
  time?

21

• Name two diseases the Europeans passed to the
  Native Americans?

22

• Which explorer searched for the legendary Seven
  Cities of Gold in the present day area of New
  Mexico?

23

• Who led the exploration of the areas of present
  day Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi?

24

• Who explored parts of present day Florida in
  search of the Fountain of Youth?

25

• What is the name of the first European city in
  North America? When was it founded?

26

• What island did the Dutch buy from the Native
  Americans?
• What is that city known as today?

27

• In 1587, who was the leader of the first attempt
  by the English to colonize America?

28

• What was the name of the first successful English
  settlement in the New World?
• When was this colony founded?

29

• The Virginia Company was what type of company?

30

• What was the purpose of the founding of
  Jamestown?

31

• Which organization of the Virginia Company
  limited royal authority and increased citizen
  participation in the colonial government?

32

• Which English colonies have plantations?

33

• Many people who came to the English colonies were
  indentured servants. What is an indentured
  servant?

34

• What three items were parts of the trade of the
  triangular trade route in the New World? (see map
  on page 19).

35

• What were the two religious groups that separated
  from the Church of England and settled the New
  England colonies?

36

• What did the Mayflower Compact guarantee?

37

• Which religious group settled in Pennsylvania?

38

• Which religious group settled in Maryland?

39

• What is the economic system in which a nations
  power is measured by its gold supply?
• As a result, why are colonies needed?

40
Social Studies Graduation Exam Study Guide

• Chapter Two The Revolutionary War and War of
  1812
• Directions Answer the following completely as
  you read pages 24-30 of the grad exam workbook.

41

• Under what system were the colonies to supply
  England with raw materials while England supplied
  the colonies with manufactured goods and finished
  products?

42

• What is a market with only one supplier?

43

• What is the name of the search warrant that
  allowed customs officials the right to search
  anywhere for illegal goods that had not been
  taxed?

44

• What are the two names used to describe the war
  fought between France and England for control of
  North America?

45

• Each time Parliament taxed the colonies to pay
  for their protection, the Parliament taxed them
  without their _____________________.

46

• What is the name of the event in Boston in 1770
  in which 5 people were killed by British troops?

47

• Who was the first black sailor active in the Sons
  of Liberty who was part of the 5 people killed?

48

• What was the name of the organization devoted to
  protecting colonial liberties and protesting
  British unfair policies?

49

• What was the name of the event in which colonists
  protested the tea tax by dumping a shipment of
  tea into Boston Harbor?

50

• Who was one member of the Sons of Liberty who
  dressed up as a Native American and boarded the
  ships carrying tea?

51

• In response to the Boston Tea Party, what laws
  did the British pass to limit trade and
  self-government in the colonies?

52

• When the British passed the Intolerable Acts, the
  colonial leaders organized the ___________________
  ___________.

53

• What did the colonial leaders agree to do at the
  First Continental Congress?

54

• Who was the prominent burgess from Virginia whose
  Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death speech aroused
  the colonial leaders to revolt against Great
  Britain and fight for freedom?

55

• What was the name of the colonial volunteer
  soldiers who were ready to fight in a moments
  notice?

56

• Who rode on horseback to Lexington,
  Massachusetts, warning neighboring towns that
  The British Are Coming?

57

• Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?
• When was it signed?

58

• What are the four major principles found in the
  Declaration of Independence?
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.
• 4.

59

• What were the first two battles that started the
  Revolutionary War?

60

• What battle persuaded the French to enter the
  Revolutionary War on the side of the colonists?

61

• Where did General George Washington, the
  commander-in-chief of the Colonial Army, train
  his tired and poorly trained troops during the
  winter of 1777?

62

• Where did the British finally surrender in
  October of 1781?

63

• What was the name of the treaty in which the
  British recognized the independence of the United
  States, as well as the border of the new nation?

64

• As a result of the Treaty of Paris, 1783, the
  borders of the United States extended
• in the north to ____________________________,
• in the west to _____________________________,
• in the south to ____________________________,
  and
• in the east to ______________________________.

65

• What was the practice by the French and British
  (who were fighting each other on the open seas)
  of taking American sailors from U.S. ships and
  forcing them to serve in either the British or
  French navy?

66

• What is an embargo?

67

• Why did the United States drop its embargo
  against France?

68

• Why were War Hawk American politicians
  infuriated with the British?

69

• What happened on June 18, 1812?

70

• Name the battle in which Andrew Jackson, along
  with the Cherokee Indian tribe, defeated the
  Creeks, Tecumsehs allies in the South.

71

• At what battle during the War of 1812 was The
  Star Spangled Banner written?

72

• Who wrote The Star Spangled Banner?

73

• What made Andrew Jackson a hero in the United
  States and increased the feeling of American
  pride?

74

• At the conclusion of the War of 1812, describe
  the agreement on land boundaries between Great
  Britain and the United States.

75
Social Studies Graduation Exam Study Guide

• Chapter Three/Part A The United States
  Government
• Directions Answer the following completely as
  you read pages 34-39 of the grad exam workbook.

76

• Following the Revolutionary War, the colonists
  chief loyalty was to what?

77

• What was the written document that protected the
  rights of English nobles and influenced the U.S.
  Constitution by stating that the kings power was
  not absolute?

78

• Who was the English philosopher who believed the
  government should derive its power from the
  people whom it governed?

79

• Who was the French philosopher who wrote the
  Social Contract Theory?

80

• What idea was expressed in the Social Contract
  Theory?

81

• How did the Social Contract Theory influence
  Thomas Jefferson and the Declaration of
  Independence?

82

• Which philosopher believed that the government
  should be divided into three branches?

83

• What was the name of the general revival of
  evangelical Christians in the American colonies
  and led to a sense of American nationality before
  the Revolutionary War?

84

• What was the name of the first colonial assembly
  of representatives?

85

• What was the name of the first constitution of
  America and when was it ratified?

86

• What were the two strengths of the Articles of
  Confederation?
• 1.
• 2.

87

• What were the four weaknesses of the Articles of
  Confederation?
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.
• 4.

88

• In 1787, a convention met to change the Articles
  of Confederation and create a new government,
  what was it called?

89

• Under the large state plan (the Virginia Plan),
  the states would base representation in Congress
  on a states population. Under the small state
  plan (the New Jersey Plan), each state would get
  an equal voice in Congress. What was the name of
  the compromise that divided the Congress into two
  houses?

90

• In the upper house called the _____________,
  each state has two senators.

91

• In the lower house called the _________, each
  state has representation based on proportion of
  population.

92

• What term refers to the practice of dividing
  power between the national government and the
  state governments?

93

• What is a government in which power is divided
  among various groups with all groups obeying a
  system of laws called the constitution?

94

• Why does the Constitution divide power among the
  three branches?

95

• Under the U.S. Constitution, which branch makes
  the law?

96

• Under the U.S. Constitution, which branch carries
  out the law?

97

• Under the U.S. Constitution, which branch
  interprets or explains the law?

98

• To keep the branches equal in power, the writers
  of the Constitution created a system
  of________________________.

99

• How can a president prevent a bill from becoming
  law?

100

• Which part of the Constitution states the
  purposes of establishing a new government?

101

• What does the Elastic Clause of the Constitution
  do?

102

• Article One of the Constitution establishes the
  _______________ which consists of a two-house
  __________________.

103

• Article Two of the Constitution establishes the
  __________________ branch which gives executive
  power to the __________________.

104

• Article Three of the Constitution establishes the
  ___________ branch which establishes the
  _______________ for interpreting laws made by
  Congress.

105

• What does the term ratified mean?

106

• Who had to ratify the Constitution before it
  became law?

107

• The supporters of the Constitution were called
  the _________________.

108

• What did the Federalists believe the United
  States needed?

109

• List the three prominent Federalist leaders.

110

• The _____________ were newspapers articles
  written by Hamilton, Jay, and Madison that stated
  the advantages of a federal union under the
  Constitution.

111

• The Federalists Papers were written to persuade
  which state to ratify the Constitution?

112

• The opponents of the Constitution were called the
  ____________________.

113

• What did the Anti-Federalists think the
  Constitution would do to the new national
  government?

114

• What was the most important argument the
  Anti-Federalists made about the Constitution?

115

• All states eventually ratified the Constitution
  in ____________(year).

116

• Social Studies Grad Exam Study Guide
• Chapter Three Part B- The United States
  Government
• Directions Answer the following completely as
  you read pages 40-43 of the grad exam workbook.

117

• Changes in the Constitution can be made
  through_________________.

118

• Why did the writers of the Constitution allow for
  amendments?

119

• An amendment to the Constitution requires a
  two-thirds majority vote of ____________ or a
  special convention called by two-thirds of the
  ____________.

120

• The first ten amendments to the Constitution are
  called the ________________.

121

• What five rights does the First Amendment
  guarantee?

122

• What rights are guaranteed by the Second
  Amendment?

123

• What does the Fourth Amendment say about
  searches?

124

• What two rights of the accused are guaranteed in
  the Fifth Amendment?

125

• Which amendment abolished slavery?

126

• What does the 14th Amendment state?

127

• Explain the 15th Amendment.

128

• Which amendment gives women the right to vote?

129

• What is the Electoral College?

130

• Who did the Electoral College elected as the
  first president of the United States?

131

• As Secretary of the Treasury, what was Alexander
  Hamiltons main goal?

132

• Who favored paying the United States war debt in
  fullAlexander Hamilton or James Madison?

133

• Hamilton proposed that the federal government
  take over the states debt from the Revolutionary
  War. Why did Jefferson and Madison oppose
  Hamiltons proposal?

134

• Hamilton, Jefferson, and Madison worked out a
  compromise on the issue of state debt which
  involved moving the nations capital from
  _____________ in the North to ________________ in
  the South.

135

• The Elastic Clause of the Constitution gives
  Congress what?

136

• In George Washingtons farewell address, what did
  he say about Americas relations with foreign
  countries?

137

• In George Washingtons farewell address, what did
  he say about political parties?

138

• What did Washington believe good government was
  based on?

139

• What political party did Hamilton lead?

140

• What political party did Jefferson lead?

141

• Which party favored a strong central (federal)
  government?

142

• Which party favored the states retaining much of
  their authority?

143

• The Federalists wanted power in the hands of the
  _____________ and the ________ while the
  Democratic-Republicans wanted power in the hands
  of the ________.

144

• Which party wanted the nations economy based on
  manufacturing, shipping and commerce?

145

• Which party wanted the nation to remain
  agricultural?

146

• Who became the second president of the United
  States?

147

• Adams appointed ______________ as Chief Justice
  of the Supreme Court.

148

• What were John Marshalls views about the
  conflict between the national government and the
  states?

149

• Which Supreme Court case established the idea of
  judicial review?

150

• With judicial review, who has the right to
  declare whether laws passed by Congress were
  constitutional or not?

151

• Which famous Supreme Court case states that
  Congress alone has the power to regulate
  interstate commerce (business)?

152

• Can the Supreme Court declare a state law to be
  unconstitutional (illegal)?

153

• Social Studies Grad Exam Study Guide
• Chapter Four Part A -Growth of a New Nation
  (1783-1860)
• Directions Answer the following completely as
  you read pages 47-54 of the grad exam workbook.

154

• Which treaty ended the Revolutionary War between
  the United States and Great Britain?

155

• What act allowed land area from the Ohio River to
  the Mississippi River to be made into states with
  the same rights as the original thirteen?

156

• What ordinance prohibited slavery in the
  territory that would later become the states of
  Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Wisconsin, and Illinois?

157

• What country did the United States buy the
  Louisiana Purchase from and when was the
  territory bought?

158

• Which president bought the Louisiana Purchase and
  how much did he pay for it?

159

• Did the Louisiana Purchase double or triple the
  size of the United States?

160

• Many native Americans were forced to move into
  tiny parcels of land after the United States
  purchased the Louisiana Purchase in order to make
  room for white settlers. What are these tiny
  parcels of land called?

161

• Which two men led an expedition to find a water
  route to the Pacific Ocean which, in turn, led to
  rapid migration to the Pacific Northwest?

162

• What was the name of the very talented native
  American woman who became a translator to Lewis
  and Clark?

163

• What year did Alabama become a state?

164

• What is the phrase used to describe the period of
  national unity and optimism during the presidency
  of James Monroe?

165

• What is the name of the policy in which the
  United States declared it would not interfere in
  the affairs of European countries and, perhaps
  more importantly, said America would oppose any
  European intervention into the affairs of nations
  in North and South America?

166

• Who invented the cotton gin?

167

• How did the invention of the cotton gin affect
  crops in the South?

168

• Who is associated with the invention of the steam
  boat in 1807?

169

• Which British engineer is widely credited with
  the invention of the steam-powered locomotive
  engine?

170

• Which prominent senator proposed a plan for
  national improvement called the American System?

171

• What are the three important parts of the
  American System?
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.

172

• What stretched westward from Cumberland, Maryland
  to Wheeling, Virginia and then later, under Henry
  Clays influence, eventually extended to
  Vandalia, Illinois?

173

• What provided a new shipping route from Buffalo,
  New York to Albany, New York?

174

• How did the Erie Canal affect New York City?

175

• Who was the first man to rise from poverty to
  become president of the United States?

176

• Why has Jacksons presidency become known as
  Jacksonian Democracy?

177

• What is the Spoils System?

178

• Which president started the Spoils System?

179

• What does the Doctrine of Nullification state?

180

• Who proposed the Doctrine of Nullification?

181

• What is the name of the act proposed by Andrew
  Jackson that forced the removal of five Native
  American tribes into reservation?

182

• What five Indian tribes were affected by the
  Indian Removal Act?

183

• About one quarter of Native Americans died on
  this _______________ from disease, starvation,
  and the exposure to the cold.

184

• List the four major trails that became routes for
  settlers heading to the West.
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.
• 4.

185

• Mormons were a religious group persecuted for
  their belief in polygamy. What is polygamy?

186

• Many Mormons left Illinois and traveled to what
  present-day state?

187

• When gold was found at Sutters Mill, California
  in 1848, what was the name of the huge migration
  of people to California?

188

• During the 1820s, which nation had control of
  Texas?

189

• What is the name of the old mission in San
  Antonio where many Texans fought bravely to the
  death for their independence from Santa Anna,
  dictator of Mexico?

190

• Which president, believing in Manifest Destiny,
  led the United States to fight Mexico in the
  Mexican-American War (1846-1848)?

191

• Which two territories did America purchase for
  18 million dollars at the conclusion of the
  Mexican-American War?

192

• Social Studies Grad Exam Study Guide
• Chapter Four Part B- Growth of a New Nation
  (1783-1860)
• Directions Answer each question completely
  as you read pages 55-58 of the grad exam
  workbook.

193

• Describe the belief known as Manifest Destiny.

194

• Early American writers created a literature that
  mirrored the newly forming United States of
  America. What term is used to describe using
  settings and themes unique to our country?

195

• Who wrote the first American dictionary of the
  English language?

196

• Who was the leader of the transcendental
  movement?

197

• What did transcendentalists believe?

198

• Who wrote the book Walden and believed in a
  simple life apart from society?

199

• Who wrote The Scarlet Letter?

200

• What famous two short stories did Washington
  Irving write?

201

• Who was the famous poet who wrote about
  mysterious tales in such works as The Raven?

202

• Who became known as Americas first great writer
  and what famous novel did he write?

203

• What were Emily Dickinsons poems about?

204

• Who wrote the novel Moby Dick?

205

• In theory, what is a utopian community?

206

• List 4 groups that started utopian communities.

207

• Where did the Amish settle?

208

• What are some of the basic beliefs of the Amish?

209

• Who established the Shaker movement?

210

• What was the Shaker belief about marriage?

211

• Who founded the Quaker religious group?

212

• Why did the Quakers shake?

213

• List 3 things the Quakers objected to.

214

• What is the name famous educator who helped set
  up the first state board of education (which
  happened to be in Massachusetts)?

215

• What was the name of the woman who promoted
  legislation to improve mental institutions and
  prisons?

216

• What is the name of the movement that wanted to
  get people to at first monitor their use of
  alcohol and then abstain entirely from drinking?

217

• What did the abolitionist want to end?

218

• List five prominent abolitionists from 1830-1865.
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.
• 4.
• 5.

219

• What was the Underground Railroad?

220

• Which woman was a prominent Underground Railroad
  leader?

221

• Who was the abolitionist who wrote the book Uncle
  Toms Cabin?

222

• Why was Uncle Toms Cabin so influential?

223

• Who was Sojourner Truth?

224

• Who published the anti-slavery newspaper The
  Liberator and established the American
  Anti-Slavery Society?

225

• Name the two women who started the Womens Rights
  Movement in the 1850s.

226

• What convention did Stanton organize to help
  promote womens rights?

227

• What is a suffragette?

228

• What amendment gives women the right to vote and
  when did it go into effect?

229
Social Studies Graduation Exam Study
GuideChapter Five Secession and Resistance
Directions Answer the following completely as
you read pages 62-69 of the grad exam workbook.
230

• What does the word secede mean?

231

• The South based its economy on _________________
  while the North based its economy on
  ____________________.

232

• What is the name of the tax levied (placed) on
  foreign companies that bring products into the
  United States to sell them?

233

• Which side favored high tariffs? Which side
  favored low tariffs?

234

• The ________________ Compromise allowed Missouri
  to be admitted as a slave state while the state
  of _________________ was admitted as a free
  state. According to the Compromise, all states
  north of the 30-degree longitude line would be
  ____________ states and all states sough of that
  line would be _____________________ states.

235

• The Compromise of 1850 allowed which state into
  the union as a free state?

236

• What does the term popular sovereignty mean?

237

• Which two territories were allowed to determine
  whether they want slavery or not with the
  Compromise of 1850?

238

• What laws (which were very unpopular in the
  North) mandated that northern cities forcibly
  return slaves to their owners in the South?

239

• Which act allowed the previously free and
  unorganized territories of Kansas and Nebraska to
  choose whether or not to permit slavery?

240

• Kansas became known as ________________ as armed
  clashes between pro-slavery forces and
  abolitionist settlers became commonplace.

241

• Which party began by opposing slaverys expansion
  into the newly acquired American territories?

242

• What happened to Republican Senator Charles
  Sumner?

243

• The Dred Scot Decision by the Supreme Court led
  to turmoil in the United States. Dred Scot, a
  slave in Missouri who was taken by his owner into
  a northern state, sued to get his freedom. The
  Supreme Court made 4 major rulings in that 1857
  case. What were they?
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.
• 4.

244

• Who ran against and debated Abraham Lincoln for a
  Senate seat in Illinois and participated with
  Lincoln in a series of public debates?

245

• Describe the Lincoln-Douglas debates.

246

• Who stated the Freeport Doctrine and what was the
  doctrine about?

247

• Who was John Brown?

248

• Explain the difference in views of the Northern
  Democrats and the Southern Democrats in the
  election of 1860?

249

• Who was the Republican candidate elected as
  president in 1860?

250

• Which southern state was the first to secede from
  the Union?

251

• Who was Jefferson Davis?

252

• Where was the first capitol of the Confederate
  States of America located?

253

• Which president blamed the abolitionists for the
  critical condition of the nation leading up to
  the Civil War?

254

• True or False. Lincoln would not allow the
  Southern states to secede from the Union without
  a fight.

255

• The attack at ________________ by Confederate
  soldiers began the Civil War.

256

• What years were the Civil War?

257

• Which county in Alabama proclaimed its neutrality
  during the Civil War?

258

• Which counties in Virginia tried to form a
  separate government in support of the Union when
  Virginia joined the Confederacy?

259

• What did these counties eventually become in
  1863?

260

• What advantages did the North have in the Civil
  War?

261

• What was the Norths number one goal in the Civil
  War?

262

• What three things did the North need to do to
  accomplish its goal?

263

• What was the Norths Anaconda Plan?

264

• What was the Souths major goal in the Civil War?

265

• What two things did the South need to do to
  accomplish its goal?

266

• What two advantages did the South have in the
  Civil War?

267

• Did most people think at the beginning of the
  Civil War that it would be a rather quick and
  decisive war?

268

• Social Studies Graduation Exam Study Guide
• Chapter Six/Part A The Civil War and
  Reconstruction
• Directions Answer the following completely as
  you read pages 73-77 of the grad exam workbook.

269

• The First Battle of Bull Run was the first major
  battle of the Civil War. What was the result of
  the battle?

270

• What battle of the Civil War was the bloodiest of
  the Civil War and how many people died in this
  battle?

271

• Who was Robert E. Lee?

272

• After which battle of the Civil War did Abraham
  Lincoln issue the Emancipation Proclamation?

273

• Which Northern general was victorious at the
  Battle of Vicksburg?

274

• Which area came under Union control after the
  Battle of Vicksburg?

275

• Identify/define the Gettysburg Address.

276

• Why is the Battle of Gettysburg considered a
  turning point?

277

• After the Battle of Chattanooga, which state did
  the Confederates abandon?

278

• Who was the Northern Admiral who cut off an
  important rebel supply port at the Battle of
  Mobile Bay?

279

• Which southern city did Northern General Sherman
  burn to the ground?

280

• Explain the significance of Shermans March from
  May till December of 1864?

281

• Explain the outcome of the Battle of Appomattox.

282

• Who suspended Habeas Corpus in Maryland during
  the Civil War?

283

• Define Habeas Corpus.

284

• In what war was the draft first used in the
  United States of America?

285

• How much could a person pay to avoid the draft in
  the Union states (the North)?

286

• Which ethnic group resented the provision that
  allowed a person to buy his way out of the draft?

287

• How many African-Americans received the
  Congressional Medal of Honor?

288

• What was the Homestead Act (1862) and what area
  of the country did that act help settle?

289

• The Morrill Land Grant Act gave federal lands to
  the states. What were the states required to do
  with this land?

290

• Who issued the Emancipation Proclamation on
  January 1, 1863?

291

• Explain the provisions of the Emancipation
  Proclamation.

292

• Which amendment abolished slavery in the United
  States?

293

• How many men were killed in the Civil War?

294

• Many men died of disease during the Civil War.
  What diseases did these men die of?

295

• How did the Civil War affect the Union federal
  budget?

296

• How was industrial production in the North
  affected by the war?

297

• What is a recession and why did it occur in the
  North at the end of the war?

298

• Explain 4 effects on the South of the Civil War.
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.
• 4.

299

• Who were the Freedmen?

300

• What three difficulties did the freedmen face?
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.

301

• What is a sharecropper?

302

• Explain the impact of slavery on the family life
  of the slaves.

303

• Social Studies Graduation Exam Study Guide
• Chapter Six/Part B The Civil War and
  Reconstruction
• Directions Answer the following completely as
  you read pages 78-84 of the grad exam workbook.

304

• Which organization became one of the largest all
  black churches in the United States after the
  Civil War?

305

• At the end of the Civil War, who built schools to
  ensure that blacks learned some math and basic
  literacy skills?

306

• Who was the leader of the Radicals in the
  Congress after the Civil War?

307

• Who were the Radicals?

308

• How did President Lincoln want the Southern
  states to be treated after the Civil War?

309

• Who assassinated President Lincoln and when did
  this occur?

310

• Who became President after Lincolns death?

311

• What was Johnsons plan for dealing with the
  South after the Civil War?

312

• What was the reaction in Congress after Johnson
  readmitted the Southern states when the Southern
  states elected Democrats who tried to keep blacks
  in servitude?

313

• Which amendment says that anyone born in the
  United States is a citizen of the U.S.?

314

• List the four major provisions of the
  Reconstruction Act of 1867?
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.
• 4.

315

• Which president was impeached for firing the
  Secretary of War after Congress had attempted to
  limit his power of appointment?

316

• Was he convicted in the Senate and was he allowed
  to finish out his term as president?

317

• Explain a few factors that led to Ulysses S.
  Grant being elected president in 1868?

318

• Who was Hiram R. Revels?

319

• Which amendment gives all men the right to vote
  regardless of color or race?

320

• List the 5 major reasons the South had bitter
  feelings regarding the North and Northerners?
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.
• 4.
• 5.

321

• Who were the Carpetbaggers?

322

• Who were the Scalawags?

323

• Why was the Ku Klux Klan founded and what were
  its designs?

324

• What is martial law?

325

• Which acts gave the President the authority to
  declare martial law in the South in order to stop
  the KKK from terrorizing blacks and prevent them
  from voting?

326

• Which presidential administration was plagued by
  corruption in dealing with bribes from the Union
  Pacific Railroad?

327

• Who was the Democratic presidential candidate in
  1876?

328

• Who was the Republican presidential candidate in
  1876?

329

• Who got the most votes in that election?

330

• Who did the Electoral Commission decide the
  election belonged to?

331

• Explain the four provisions of the Compromise of
  1877.
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.
• 4.

332

• What were the Jim Crow laws?

333

• When were the Jim Crow laws finally done away
  with?

334

• Social Studies Graduation Exam Study Guide
• Chapter Seven/Part A Expansion and
  Industrialization (1860-1914)
• Directions Answer the following completely as
  you read pages 89-94 of the grad exam workbook.

335

• After Reconstruction, which part of the United
  States saw a massive increase in settlement?

336

• What became the chief means of transportation
  during the second half of the 1800s (nineteenth
  century)?

337

• Who were Cornelius and William Vanderbilt?

338

• What were the settlers looking for in Colorado
  and the Dakotas?

339

• How did the Plain Indians depend on the buffalo?

340

• How did the settlers use the buffalo?

341

• As settlers began moving westward, what two
  options did the Indians (Native Americans) face?

342

• What were the reservations?

343

• Who protected the settlers when the Indians
  decided to fight back for their traditional
  lands?

344

• Define the Frontier Wars.

345

• Define the Buffalo Soldiers.

346

• How many buffalo roamed the Great Plains in 1800?
  How many were left by 1889?

347

• Which two Indian tribes were very dependent on
  buffalo for food, clothing, and shelter?

348

• After the buffalo population was decimated
  (severely reduced), what became of the Indians?

349

• What happened at the Battle of Little Bighorn in
  1876?

350

• Which Indian tribes were finally forced to
  surrender in 1877?

351

• Where were they forced to move?

352

• What area of the United States did the Nez Perce
  Indians claim?

353

• Who was the Nez Perce leader?

354

• What did the Nez Perce Indians do when settlers
  began to claim parts of Oregon?

355

• Define the Dawes Act (General Allotment Act).

356

• Why did many Indians fail as farmers?

357

• Who was Wovoka?

358

• What is the Ghost Dance?

359

• What did the army believe about Sitting Bull, the
  Sioux Indian leader?

360

• What occurred at Wounded Knee Creek?

361

• What is the Bessemer Process?

362

• Who was given the patent for manufacturing the
  six-shot revolver?

363

• Who invented the steel plow and what is the
  significance of this invention?

364

• What is the windmill used for?

365

• Joseph Glidden invented Barbed Wire. Why was
  this invention significant?

366

• How did the railroad aid farmers?

367

• How did the farmers use the Grange?

368

• What political party was formed in 1892 to
  address the concerns of the farmers?

369

• Why did the party disappear from the national
  scene?

370

• What is the Black Belt of Alabama?

371

• What was the main product associated with the
  Black Belt?

372

• Why are boll weevils such a threat to cotton
  (read the diagram on page 93)?

373

• What major mineral deposits were found outside of
  Birmingham during this era?

374

• What industry became a major operator in
  Birmingham in 1907?

375

• Why was Mobile important during this time era of
  the late 1800s and early 1900s?

376

• Which industry used convict labor in Alabama
  during this time?

377

• Who was Cyrus West Field and what did he do of
  significance?

378

• Who made the first telephone transmission in
  1876?

379

• What famous invention is Guglielmo Marconi known
  for?

380

• Why was the radio so important in early American
  life?

381

• How did Industrialization affect the people of
  the United States?

382

• What became the new centers of people, ideas, and
  culture in the United States in the late 1800s
  and early 1900s?

383

• Social Studies Graduation Exam Study Guide
• Chapter Seven/Part B Expansion and
  Industrialization (1860-1914)
• Directions Answer the following completely as
  you read pages 94-101 of the grad exam workbook.

384

• Who were the nineteenth century businessmen who
  acquired much of their wealth by exploitation and
  ruthlessness?

385

• List the three most famous robber barons?

386

• The robber barons believed in Social Darwinism.
  What is this philosophy?

387

• Which robber baron owned the Standard Oil Company
  and created a monopoly in the oil industry?

388

• Which robber baron owned a steel company,
  controlled iron and coal mines, and owned
  railroads and believed in the Gospel of Wealth?

389

• What is the Gospel of Wealth?

390

• Who wrote many childrens stories about people
  gaining wealth through hard work and diligence?

391

• In response to worsening labor work conditions,
  workers organized into _____________.

392

• Unions put pressure on the employers in an
  industry to do what?

393

• List three examples of laws regulating the
  workplace that Unions fought to have put in place?

394

• Which law in 1882 prohibited Chinese from legally
  immigrating to the United States?

395

• Which act of 1921 attempted to limit immigration
  from Southern and Eastern Europe?

396

• The National Origin Act of 1924 reduced the
  number of immigrants from Southern and Eastern
  Europe to _____ percent and prohibited all
  immigration from _______.

397

• Which movement developed in response to growing
  corruption of politicians by the forces of big
  business?

398

• Progressives championed the causes of whoever was
  being _____ in society.

399

• Progressives fought to bring down _______ who
  gained enormous wealth and power through bribery
  and corruption.

400

• Who were the leading intellectuals of the time
  who wrote stories about the abuses of big
  businesses on workers and consumers?

401

• What book by Upton Sinclair exposed the miserable
  working conditions and dangerous food quality in
  meat processing plants in Chicago?

402

• What was the name of the book Ida Tarbell wrote
  about the ruthless practices of Standard Oil in
  building a monopoly in the oil business?

403

• Horace Mann began to push for ______ in the early
  nineteenth century.

404

• Which amendment gave the Congress the power to
  tax business and individual income?

405

• Which amendment allowed the people of each state
  to elect their own senators instead of the state
  legislatures?

406

• Define the 18th Amendment.

407

• Define the 19th Amendment.

408

• Who was the progressive president who initiated
  several major reforms while in office?

409

• Which president established the National Park
  Service?

410

• Who was the Democratic candidate who won the
  election of 1912 because Taft and Roosevelt split
  the Republican vote?

411

• What is the name of the commission that has the
  power to investigate companies for unfair
  business practices?

412

• What act made sure that businesses couldnt use
  the antitrust laws to break up union?

413

• What is the name of the journey many black
  citizens took from the South to the North in
  order to escape unfair treatment in the South?

414

• Who founded the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama for
  black citizens?

415

• The Tuskegee Institute provided training in the
  _____ and _____ fields.

416

• What was the name of Booker T. Washingtons
  speech that appealed to many black and white
  people with its call for blacks to excel
  educationally?

417

• Which African American became famous for his
  agricultural experiments with soybeans, cotton,
  and peanuts?

418

• Who was the first black graduate of Harvard
  University who wrote several papers attacking the
  philosophy of Booker T. Washington?

419

• What was the name of the organization founded by
  black and white intellectuals and joined by
  W.E.B. Dubois that called for an end to
  segregation?

420

• What Supreme Court case stated that segregation
  was lawful as long as the separate facilities
  were equal?

421

• The Alabama Constitution of 1901 added the
  requirement of a _____ test or _____ ownership to
  be able to vote.

422
Social Studies Graduation Exam Study
GuideChapter Eight/Part A World War One and
the 1920s
Directions Answer the following completely as
you read pages 106-112 of the grad exam workbook.
423

• Define Imperialism.

424

• Who were the imperialists in America?

425

• Between 1870-1914, what three parts of the world
  did several European countries seek to control
  and colonize?

426

• What three reasons were there for imperial
  feelings in the United States?

427

• What crop did many American businessmen begin to
  invest in during the 1850s in the Hawaiian
  Islands?

428

• Who was the leader of the Hawaiian natives who
  opposed the American settlers at the time?

429

• When did the Hawaiian Islands become a territory
  of the United States?

430

• Which country had control of Cuba in the 1890s?

431

• Which two American newspapers began to stir up
  sympathies toward the Cuban peoples plight by
  writing sensational stories about abuses in Cuba?

432

• Define Yellow Journalism.

433

• What American battleship anchored off the coast
  of Cuba exploded on February 15, 1898?

434

• Who did America blame for the loss of this
  battleship?

435

• The Spanish-American War lasted only one year.
  When did it occur?

436

• What two parts of the world did America and Spain
  fight over?

437

• Explain what Commodore Dewey did in the fight
  against Spain.

438

• Who were the Rough Riders?

439

• Who was the leader of the Rough Riders?

440

• What famous charge did Roosevelt lead in Cuba?

441

• What territories did the United States receive
  from Spain after the war?

442

• Why did the victory over Spain in the
  Spanish-American war make the United States a
  world power?

443

• Which American Secretary of State came up with
  the Open Door Policy?

444

• Identify the Open Door Policy.

445

• Why did President Theodore Roosevelt want a canal
  built through Panama?

446

• After the Panamanians gained their independence
  from Colombia, how did America acquire land for
  the building of the Panama Canal?

447

• What two diseases killed many of the workers who
  were attempting to build the canal?

448

• Who was Colonel William C. Gorgas?

449

• Why did he attempt to drain the areas of standing
  water in the Canal Zone?

450

• What year did the Panama Canal finally open?

451

• Explain Theodore Roosevelts policy known as the
  Roosevelt Corollary.

452

• Which country in Central America was the United
  States repeatedly involved in militarily from
  1909-1933

453

• There are four long-term causes of World War One.
  Briefly explain how each contributed to the
  outbreak of the war.
• Nationalism
• Imperialism
• Military Expansion
• Alliances

454

• Which countries were in the Triple Alliance
  during World War One?

455

• Which countries were in the Triple Entente during
  World War One?

456

• How did the assassination of Archduke Francis
  Ferdinand cause World War One?

457

• There were four major new battle tactics and
  innovations that occurred during World War One.
  List them.

458

• What was the significance of the Battle of
  Verdun?

459

• Who built the first military airplanes?

460

• Who were the Aces?

461

• What four events caused the United States to
  enter World War One?

462

• What were the U-Boats?

463

• What was the reaction in the United States when a
  German U-Boat sank the Lusitania?

464

• Explain the significance of the Zimmerman
  Telegraph.

465

• What event triggered President Wilson into asking
  Congress to declare war against Germany on April
  6, 1917?

466

• Which group set up a communist government in
  Russia?

467

• What did the Bolsheviks do to stabilize Russia?

468

• At the end of World War I, America was fighting
  Germany with which two main countries as its
  allies?

469
Chapter Eight/Part B World War One and the
1920s
Directions Answer the following completely as
you read pages 112-117 of the grad exam workbook.
470

• How is Poland created?

471

• At the conclusion of World War One, the
  Austro-Hungarian Empire was broken up. What new
  countries were created by the breakup of this
  empire?

472

• Who was required to register for the draft in the
  United States in preparation of future world
  wars?

473

• Name the treaty that ended World War One.

474

• Which country in the treaty accepted
  responsibility for causing World War One?

475

• The Treaty of Versailles required Germany to pay
  war reparations. What are war reparations?

476

• How did Adolf Hitler use the Treaty of Versailles
  to help his rise to power?

477

• Which American president promoted the League of
  Nations?

478

• What was the purpose of the League of Nations?

479

• Did the United States ever join the League of
  Nations?

480

• Why didnt the United States support Wilsons
  position on the League of Nations?

481

• Why did the League of Nations fail?

482

• Who wrote the Great Gatsby?

483

• What did Fitzgerald write about?

484

• Who was Ernest Hemingway?

485

• Why were Hemingways novels so effective and
  popular?

486

• List 4 of Hemingways most famous works.

487

• What was the Harlem Renaissance that lasted from
  1920-1940?

488

• What two forms of musical expression came out of
  the Harlem Renaissance?

489

• Who was Langston Hughes?

490

• Explain how Zora Neale Hurston influenced the
  Harlem Renaissance.

491

• Who was Claude McKay and what novel did he write?

492

• Who was Louis Armstrong?

493

• Explain the significance of W.C. Handy.

494

• What American woman is known for her advocacy of
  contraception?

495

• What were the Comstock Laws?

496

• List 7 mass media and mechanical inventions that
  became popular during the Roaring Twenties.

497

• What was the result of these new inventions on
  the way people lived and worked?

498

• What was Marcus Garveys Back to Africa movement?

499

• When did race relations in America reach an
  all-time low?

500

• How many members did the Ku Klux Klan claim to
  have during the 1920s?

501

• What three groups did the Klan attack?

502

• What did the Communist Bolsheviks who came to
  pow