Ornamental Pest Management (Category 3B)

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Ornamental Pest Management (Category 3B)

• Biology and Management of Pests
• Chapter 6

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Effective Pest Management

• Requires...
• Knowledge of pest life cycle
• Feeding habits
• Hosts
• Environmental interaction
• Reproductive behavior

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Diseases of Ornamentals

• Disease disturbance of normal plant function.
• Noninfectious (abiotic)
• Environmental
• Cultural practices
• Infectious
• Fungi
• Bacteria
• Virus

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Apple Scab Life Cycle
Summer
Spring
leaf to leaf infection
spores blown to new leaves
infected leaves fall
Winter
fungus overwinters on fallen leaves
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Plant Diseases

• Grouped according to
• Causal agent
• Symptoms they produce

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Disease Symptoms

• Leaf spots
• Scab
• Rusts
• Powdery mildew

• Mosaics
• Chlorosis
• Scorch
• Witches broom

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Disease Symptoms

• Anthracnose
• Cankers
• Blights
• Wilts

• Decline
• Galls
• Rots

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Scab
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Rust
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Cedar-Apple Rust
Cedar-Hawthorne Rust
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Powdery Mildew
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Mosaic
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Chlorosis Oak and Maple
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Witchs broom caused by Anthracnose
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Anthracnose on foliage and in woody tissue.
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Fireblight on Mountain Ash
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Root rot problem on Rhododendron
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Common symptom of tree decline.
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Host Susceptibility

• Plant selection
• Plant parts
• Vigor

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Weather Conditions

• Humidity
• Rainfall
• Temperature

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Microclimate

• Shade
• Wind
• Salt
• Location
• Crowding

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Infectious Disease Management

• Resistance
• Superior species, cultivars, varieties
• Avoidance
• Appropriate site conditions
• Elimination
• Sanitation some fungicides
• Protection
• Most fungicides

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Although cultural and environmental disorders are
most common, bugs are perceived as the likely
cause of a problem.
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Insects of Ornamentals

• Capable of wide variety of injury
• May go through several life stages
• Activity and injury often seasonal
• Classified by physical characteristics
• Classified by behavior

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Insect Classification by Feeding Behavior

• Piercing - sucking
• Leaf-chewing
• Tent and case-making
• Gall-forming
• Root-feeding
• Boring

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Piercing-sucking Insects

• Aphids
• Leafhoppers
• Plant bugs
• Mealybugs
• Thrips

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Piercing-sucking Insects
Aphids
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Piercing-sucking Insects
Pine Needle Scale
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Piercing-sucking Insects
Magnolia Scale
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Piercing-sucking Insects
Sooty mold grows on the honey dew secreted from
piercing-sucking insects.
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Piercing-sucking Insects
Plant Bug
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Piercing-sucking Insects
Leaf Hopper Injury
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Leaf-Chewing Insects

• Caterpillars
• Sawflies
• Leafminers
• Leaf beetles
• Weevils

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Leaf-Chewing Insects
Eastern Tent Caterpillar
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Leaf-Chewing Insects
Pine Sawfly
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Leaf-Chewing Insects
Birch Leaf Miner (sawfly)
Oak leaf miner (moth)
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Leaf-Chewing Insects
Japanese Beetle
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Leaf-Chewing Insects
Black Vine Weevil Adult, pupae, larvae
(legless), and foliar damage
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Leaf-Chewing Insects
White grub of Japanese beetle a root feeder.
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Maple Bladder Gall
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Cooley Spruce Gall
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Bronze Birch Borer exit hole
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Insect Management

• Protection for insects
• Pupal stage
• Waxy coating
• Galls
• Bark
• Leaf tissue
• Soil

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Insect Management- Consider

• Susceptible life stage
• Damaging stage
• Period of feeding
• Weather conditions

• Number of generations
• Host tolerance
• Natural enemies

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Non-Chemical Insect Controls

• Improve plant vigor
• Encourage natural enemies
• Select plants with resistance
• Modify the environment

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Natural enemies of insects can provide safe, long
lasting control. Pesticides can upset this
balance and increase some problems.
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Insecticides

• Avoid problems
• Monitor plants for insects
• Protect beneficials
• Time for appropriate life stage
• Avoid preventative pesticide treatments
• Use the least toxic materials

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Mites

• Not insects (eight legs)
• Rasp leaf cells and suck contents
• Causes bronzing
• Some form webs or galls
• Weather dependent - prefer hot spots
• Rapid population build up
• Paper test

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Spider mites
Webbing
Bronzing
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Nematodes

• Microscopic worms
• Commonly attack roots or vascular system
• Symptoms wilting, stunting, dieback
• Resistance
• Few nematicides
• Detection - MSU Lab

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Snails and slugs leave irregular holes in foliage
where they feed and slime trails where theyve
traveled.
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Snails and Slugs

• Soft bodied animals
• Weather and site dependent
• Slime trail
• Not controlled by insecticides
• Sanitation and traps

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Vertebrates

• Cause damage by
• Chewing
• Rubbing
• Drilling

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Rabbit damage
Squirrel damage
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Wildlife control in urban areas can be difficult.
Consider using barriers, repellants and pest
removal tactics. Excluding mice, moles and
chipmunks, trapping vertebrates is regulated by
MDNR.
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THE END Prepared by Greg Patchan, Julie
Stachecki, and Kay Sicheneder MSU Extension
Pesticide Education Program