Map and Geographic Skills

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Map and Geographic Skills

• Unit 1

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Unit 1 VocabularyMap and Graph Skills

• Absolute location
• atlas
• bar graph
• cardinal directions
• cartographer
• circle graphs
• climographs
• compass rose
• density
• distortion
• Equator
• Mercator Projection
• intermediate directions
• latitude
• legend (key)
• line graph
• longitude
• orientation Physical map
• Polar projection

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Scale

• Shows the ratio between a unit of length on a map
  and a unit of distance on the earth

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Lines of latitude

• Imaginary lines that measure distance north and
  south of the equator

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Lines of Longitude

• Imaginary lines that measure distance east and
  west of the Prime Meridian

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Relative Location

• Describes a place in comparison to other places
  around it

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Orientation

• Direction -- usually shown on a map using a
  compass rose or directional indicator

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Sources of geographic information

• Geographic Information Systems (GIS), field work,
  satellite images, photographs, maps, globes, data
  bases, primary sources

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Mental Maps

• Help people carry out daily activities (ex. Route
  to school or the store)
• give directions to others
• understand world events

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4 ways mental maps can be developed and refined

• Compare sketched maps to more formal maps such as
  those in an atlas or book
• Describe the location of places in terms of
  reference points (the equator or Prime Meridian

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4 ways mental maps can be developed and refined
cont.

• Can describe the location of places in terms of
  geographic features and land forms (ex. West of
  the Mississippi River, or north of the Gulf of
  Mexico)

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4 ways mental maps can be developed and refined
cont.

• Describing the location of places in terms of the
  human characteristics of a place ( ex languages,
  types of housing dress, recreation, customs or
  traditions

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What are the standard methods of showing
information on a map

• Symbols
• Colors
• Lines
• Boundaries
• Contours

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Thematic Maps

• Thematic maps show a theme or a particular idea.
  There are many different types.

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Types of Thematic maps

• Population density
• population distribution
• economic activity
• resources
• languages
• ethnicity

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Types of Thematic maps cont.

• Climate
• precipitation
• vegetation
• physical
• political

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Ways map can show change

• Changes in Knowledge
• Map of Columbuss time
• Satellite images
• changes in Place Names
• Formosa, Taiwan, Republic of China
• Palestine, Israel, Occupied Territories

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Ways map can show change cont.

• changes in Boundaries
• Africa in the 1910s and in the 1990s
• Europe before WWII and after WWII and since 1990

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Ways map can show change cont.

• Changes in perspectives of place names--Arabian
  Gulf v. Persian Gulf
• Sea of Japan v. East Sea
• Middle East v. North Africa and Southwest Asia

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Ways map can show change cont.

• Changes in Disputed areas-- Korea
• Western Sahara
• Former Yugoslavia
• Kashmir

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Map Projections

• Three types of map projections
• Mercator
• Polar
• Robinson
• All three types have distortion

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Map Projections cont.

• You can distort area, shape, distance and
  direction
• A Mercator projection is best used for ship
  navigation because of the nice straight lines

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Mercator projection

• Nice Straight lines

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Map Projections cont.

• A Polar projection is best used in airplane
  navigation. It is easy to plot the Great Circle
  Routes used to fly long distances
• A Robinson projection is best used for data
  representation. Most of the maps in textbooks
  are Robinson projections

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Robinson Projection

• Latitude lines are straight. Longitude lines are
  curved.

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Pie Chart

• Used to show parts of a whole or percentages

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Bar graph

• Used to show items in relation to others

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Line Graph

• Used to show loss or gain or information over
  several time frames

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Population Pyramid

• Shows the population of a country or region.
  Allows you to break into male and female and by
  age groups

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Climograph

• J F M A M J J A S
• Shows precipitation and temperature averages over
  a one year period

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Practical applications of Geography

• Recycling programs
• conversion of land
• airport expansion
• bicycle paths
• water sources
• air quality
• mass transit