IDP3O: Justice, Community Safety and Emergency Services: Unit 1 Review Topics: Law, Investigation, Intro to Social Sciences, Emergency Services Career Exploration, Self-Defence ( Sept 8th-Oct 15th )

1
IDP3O Justice, Community Safety and Emergency
Services Unit 1 Review TopicsLaw,
Investigation, Intro to Social Sciences,
Emergency Services Career Exploration,
Self-Defence ( Sept 8th-Oct 15th )

• Mr. Cappello
• Sir Robert Borden High School
• October 18, 2010

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Review Into to Canadian Law
3
Review The Rule of Law

• Three Part Principle
• The Law is Necessary to govern society
• The Law applies equally to everyone
• People are not governed by arbitrary power
• Case examples from class
• Kroger, DUI
• The fifth estate The Wrong Man. George
  Dangerfield, Crown Prosecutor.

4
Law Review Continued

• 4 Characteristics of Justice
• 1. Treat like cases alike, treat different cases
  different (the rule of precedent)
• 2. We consider a law unjust if it discriminates n
  unjust characteristics (Case study, The fifth
  estate, Air Security)
• 3. Justice Should be impartial, that is, the law
  should be applied regardless of a persons
  position or financial status (Class discussion,
  the homeless and access to justice, social
  services)
• 4. We expect the law to be just in that it
  conforms to societys values and beliefs (Class
  discussion, DNA registry vs. Privacy)

5
Law Review Continued
6
Review Intro to Social Sciences

• Sociology
• Science of society, social institutions, and
  social relationships, and specifically the
  systematic study of the development, structure,
  interaction, and collective behaviour of
  organized human groups. It emerged at the end of
  the 19th century through the work of Émile
  Durkheim in France, Max Weber and Georg Simmel in
  Germany, and Robert E. Park and Albion Small in
  the U.S. Sociologists use observational
  techniques, surveys and interviews, statistical
  analysis, controlled experiments, and other
  methods to study subjects such as the family,
  ethnic relations, schooling, social status and
  class, bureaucracy, religious movements,
  deviance, the elderly, and social change.

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Review Intro to Social Sciences, continued.

• Anthropology
• The scientific study of the origin, the
  behavior, and the physical, social, and cultural
  development of humans.
• Psychology
• Scientific discipline that studies mental
  processes and behaviour in humans and other
  animals. Literally meaning "the study of the
  mind," psychology focuses on both individual and
  group behaviour. Clinical psychology is concerned
  with the diagnosis and treatment of mental
  disorders. Other specialized fields of psychology
  include child psychology, educational psychology,
  sports psychology, social psychology, and
  comparative psychology. The issues studied by
  psychologists cover a wide spectrum, including
  learning, cognition, intelligence, motivation,
  emotion, perception, personality, and the extent
  to which individual differences are shaped by
  genetics or environment. The methods used in
  psychological research include observation,
  interviews, psychological testing, laboratory
  experimentation, and statistical analysis.

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Review Intro to Social Sciences, continued.

• Criminology
• Scientific study of nonlegal aspects of
  crime, including its causes and prevention.
  Criminology originated in the 18th century when
  social reformers began to question the use of
  punishment for retribution rather than deterrence
  and reform. In the 19th century, scientific
  methods began to be applied to the study of
  crime. Today criminologists commonly use
  statistics, case histories, official records, and
  sociological field methods to study criminals and
  criminal activity, including the rates and kinds
  of crime within geographic areas. Their findings
  are used by lawyers, judges, probation officers,
  law-enforcement and prison officials,
  legislators, and scholars to better understand
  criminals and the effects of treatment and
  prevention.

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Review Intro to Social Sciences, continued.

• Victimology
• Victimology is the scientific study of
  victimization, including the relationships
  between victims and offenders, the interactions
  between victims and the criminal justice system
  that is, the police and courts, and corrections
  officials and the connections between victims
  and other social groups and institutions, such as
  the media, businesses, and social movements.
  Victimology is however not restricted to the
  study of victims of crime alone but may cater to
  other forms of human rights violations that are
  not necessarily crime.

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Review Investigation

• An Overview of Investigating
• 1. Defining an Investigation
• 2. Practices to follow during an Investigation
• 3. Art or Science?
• Types of Investigations
• 1. Criminal-Non criminal
• 2. Reactive- Proactive
• 3. Overt-Covert
• The Investigating Questions
• 1. Patterns, Leads, Tips, and Theories

Please see the wiki for intro to investigations!
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Review Investigation

• Defining an Investigation
• "to examine and inquire into something
  systematically and thoroughly"
• The word investigate can be traced back to the
  Latin word investigare, meaning "to search into.
  
• Investigare is based on another Latin word,
  vestigare, meaning "to track or to trace."

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Investigation, Art or Science?

• Both!
• Investigating is a science because there are
  certain rules that should be followed to conduct
  a successful investigation. Pure sciences and
  applied sciences play an increasingly important
  role in the investigating process.
• Investigating is an art because it depends on
  the human skills of the investigator, including
  interpersonal communication and creativity.

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Review Investigation, Continued

• Practices to follow during an Investigation
• A logical sequence must be followed
• Real, physical evidence must be legally obtained
• Real, physical evidence must be properly stored
  and preserved.
• Witnesses must be identified, interviewed, and
• prepared for any potential or actual
  litigation
• Leads must be developed.
• Reports and documentation must be collected
• Information must be accurately and completely
  recorded.
• Evidence collected must correlate to
• the claim cause of action, or offence charged

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Review Investigation, Continued

• Criminal vs. Non Criminal
• Criminal jurisdiction of police/government
  agencies.
• Non-criminal investigations involve the
  investigation
• of non-criminal incidents or events.
• Non-criminal investigations may be conducted by
  the public, police or private investigators. The
  main difference between non-criminal
  investigations by the public, police and by
  private investigators is that police
  investigations are funded by the government,
  whereas private investigations are paid for by
  individual clients or businesses.

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Review Investigation, Continued

• Reactive vs. Proactive, Overt vs. Covert
• Reactive investigation is one that is instigated
  on the basis of a complaint registered by a
  victim or client. For example, a person is the
  victim of a robbery and reports this robbery to
  the police-the police then conduct a reactive
  investigation.
• 2 Types of reactive The preliminary
  investigation and the follow-up or latent
  investigation. The preliminary investigation is
  the initial inquiry into a reported crime and is
  generally conducted by a uniformed patrol
  officer.

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Investigation, Continued.

• 5 tasks during the preliminary reactive
  investigation by a patrol officer
• Conducts a preliminary search of the area of
  crime to determine if the suspect is still
  present
• Renders first aid to any injured parties,
• Detains, separates, and interviews any possible
  suspects or witnesses
• Restricts access to the area where the crime was
  committed to prevent the destruction of evidence.
  
• Prepares the first written report of the crime,
  which is generally called an incident or
  complaint report.

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Investigation, Continued.

• Proactive investigations are investigations
  conducted by the police based on their own
  initiative.
• The proactive investigation is
• Designed to catch a criminal in the act of
  committing a crime, rather than waiting until a
  citizen reports a crime. The three main types of
  proactive investigations are
• Decoy operations
• Repeat offender programs
• Undercover drug operations

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Investigation, Continued

• An overt investigation is one that is conducted
  openly-investigators do not try to hide their
  true identity or hide the fact that they are
  conducting the investigation. Most reactive
  investigations are overt.
• A covert investigation, on the other hand, is
  conducted in secret-the investigator tries to
  hide his identity and the fact that he is
  conducting an investigation. Generally proactive
  investigations are covert.
• Covert investigations are more commonly called
  undercover investigations.

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Investigation, Continued

• A pattern is a series of similarities that may
  link particular cases or indicate that the same
  person is committing a series of crimes.
• Leads are clues or pieces of information that aid
  in the progress of an investigation. Leads can be
  physical evidence or information received by
  witnesses or other persons or through
  surveillances, undercover investigations, and
  record searches. A lead is anything that can
  assist an investigator in resolving an
  investigation.

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Investigation, Continued

• Tips are leads provided by citizens that aid in
  the progress of an investigation. Generally tips
  involve the identity of the suspect (eg. Crime
  Stoppers)
• Theories are beliefs regarding the case based on
  evidence, patterns, leads, tips, and other
  information developed or uncovered in a case.
  Theories are important because they direct the
  investigation. Investigators have to be very
  careful in building theories about a case,
  because if the theory is wrong, it may lead them
  in the wrong direction.

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Emergency Services Career Exploration

• DVD I Want to be A Firefighter
• Topics
• History of Firefighting
• What Does a Firefighter Do?
• Overview of the Fire Station
• Climbing the Ladder (Fire Department
  Organization)
• How Do I Become a Firefighter?

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Emergency Services Career Exploration

• DVD 150 years of policing in Ottawa
• Beginning in 1855 and leading up to the present
  year, this production gives an inside look at the
  journey taken by the Ottawa Police that has led
  to the foundation of the Service as it is known
  today.
• Guest speaker Cst. Arun Daniels.
• Police/Paramedic Volunteering

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Review Self Defence

• Krav Maga (pronounced /?kr??v m?'g??/ Hebrew
  ??? ????, IPA 'k?av ma'ga, lit. "contact
  combat", "close combat" or "full contact") is an
  eclectic hand-to-hand combat system developed in
  Israel that involves wrestling, grappling and
  striking techniques, mostly known for its
  extremely efficient and counter-attacks, as it is
  also taught to elite special forces, law
  enforcement/emergency service personnel and
  civilians around the world.
• Krav Maga has a philosophy emphasizing threat
  neutralization, simultaneous defensive and
  offensive manoeuvres, and aggression. Krav Maga
  is used by the IDF Special Forces units and
  several closely related variations have been
  developed and adopted by law enforcement and
  intelligence organizations, Mossad, Shin Bet,
  FBI, SWAT units of the NYPD and United States
  Special Operations Forces.

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Review, Self Defence, continued

• 6 Basic Principles of Krav Maga
• Maintaining environmental awareness, know your
  surroundings
• Disengage the attacker by giving up valuables,
  but never move to a second location at the
  attackers request
• If attacked, counter attack as soon as possible
• Target attacks to the body's most vulnerable
  points such as the eyes, jaw, throat, groin, knee
  etc.
• Neutralize the opponent as quickly as possible by
  responding with an unbroken stream of counter
  attacks.
• Maintain awareness of surroundings while dealing
  with the threat in order to look for escape
  routes, further attackers, objects that could be
  used to defend and so on.
• As Students/ Civilians, it is
• very important that you escape and/
• or disengage as a primary means
• of self defence

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Unit 1 Test!

• Date Monday, October 25th
• Content all materials reviewed in this
  presentation.
• A full period will be provided
• (approximated test duration of 40 min).
• Format
• Part 1 Short answer,
• Part 2 Multiple choice,
• Part 3 T/F
• Part 4 1 Long answer question (...from a choice
  of options/case studies)