A History of Radio Technology

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A History of Radio Technology

• Demystifying Telecommunications
• By Al Klase

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(No Transcript)
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What do these Have in Common?
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Information-Age Timeline
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A Favorite Quote
Any sufficiently advanced technology is
indistinguishable from magic.   Arthur C. Clark,
"Profiles of The Future", 1961 (Clarke's third
law)English physicist science fiction author
(1917 2008) Inventor of the communications-sate
llite concept.
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A Mysterious Force

• Start at the beginning
• In the Stone Age
• Sticks
• Stones
• Animal Parts

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Amber

• Naturally polymerized tree resin
• Greeks called it elektron

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Electrostatic Experiments
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Electric Field
Johann Carl Friederich Gauss 1777-1855
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The Condenser or Capacitor
Stores Energy as electrostatic charge.
C Q / V Q charge in Coulombs (6.2415061018
electrons/C ) V EMF in Volts
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Luigi Galvani (1737-1798)
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Alessandro Volta (1745-1827)
Ca. 1774
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Circuits and Schematics
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Yet Another Mysterious Force

• Heavy black rock
• Lodestone
• Proved to be iron ore
• Greeks found theirs in Magnesia

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The Compass
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Magnetic Field due to Electrical Current
1820 - Hans Christian Ørsted
André-Marie Ampère (1775-1836)
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Electro Magnet and Inductor
Stores energy as a magnetic field.
Taught and did research at Princeton.
Ca. 1824
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Samuel MorsesTelegraph1838(Binary Serial
Communications!)
Speedwell Morristown.
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Maxwell
Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism (1873)
James Clerk Maxwell 1831 - 1879
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More Maxwell
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i
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Alternating Current
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Oscillation and Resonance
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High-frequency AC Oscillator
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Eureka!
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Hertz
Ca. 1888
Heinrich Hertz 1857 - 1894
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The First Radio Receiver
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A Hertzian Experiment
From Invention Innovation in the Radio
Industry, W. Rupert MacLaurin, 1949
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PHz petahertz Ehz exahertz
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Satellite TV
WiFi, Bluetooth
Short-Wave Broadcast
Cellphones
Satellite TV
GPS
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Propagation Modes Direct-Wave
All Frequencies
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Propagation Modes Ground-Wave
ELF-VLF-LF-MF Below 30 HZ 3 MHz
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Propagation Modes Sky-Wave
MF-HF (VHF) - 300 KHz 30 MHz

• Can allow global point-to-point communications
  and broadcasting
• Varies with
• Frequency
• Time of day
• Season
• Solar activity (11-year Cycle)

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PART2
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Guglielmo Marconi

• Born 1874
• Wealthy Italian father
• Wealthy Irish mother (Jamison)
• Tech. Institute at Leghorn included
  telegraphy
• Inspired by Hertzs Obituary in 1894

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Marconiat Villa Grifone
Photos and drawings from Early Radio by Peter R.
Jensen
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Marconi Developments

• 1896 Moves to Great Britain
• Sept. 1896, 2.8Km, Salisbury Plain
• Mar. 97, 14Km, Bristol Channel
• Late 1898, 29Km, Isle of Wright

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Marconi 1896
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(No Transcript)
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Patent 7777Application filed 12 April 1900
From The Wonders of Wireless Telegraphy J. A.
Fleming, London, 1913
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Passive Receivers
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The Fleming Valve
                  John Ambrose Fleming3(1849
- 1945)
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We need areliable Amplifier!
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From The Wonders of Wireless Telegraphy J. A.
Fleming, London, 1913
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The Audion
Lee Deforest
1906
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An Audion Radio Receiver
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Armstrong
Edwin Howard Armstrong
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The Regenerative Circuit
Great amplification obtained at once!
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Regen Prototype
Demonstrated to Sarnoff at the Marconi station at
Belmar
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Radiotelephone
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The Birth of Broadcasting
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Timeline
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VLF Very Low Frequency
Audio 20Hz 20KHz
Submarine Communications
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LF Low Frequency
FREQUENCY
30 KHz
300 KHz
200 KHz
Atomic Clocks 60KHz
Long-Wave Broadcast 148.5 to 283.5 KHz
Aircraft Beacons
1000 m
10 Km
WAVELENGTH
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MF Medium Frequency
FREQUENCY
300 KHz
3 MHz
2 MHz
1000 KHz
160 M Ham
Standard AM Broadcast 540 to 1700 KHz
Aircraft Beacons
1000 m
10 Km
WAVELENGTH
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HF High Frequency
FREQUENCY
3 MHz
30MHz
20MHz
10 MHz
Ham
Short-wave Broadcast
1000 m
10 Km
WAVELENGTH
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VHF Very High Frequency
FREQUENCY
30 MHz
300 MHz
200 MHz
100 MHz
Ham
TV 2-6
TV 7-13
FM Broadcast
1000 m
10 Km
WAVELENGTH
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UHF Ultra-High Frequency
FREQUENCY
300 MHz
3 GHZ
2 GHz
1000 MHz
UHF TV
Keyless Entry 315 MHz
1000 m
10 Km
WAVELENGTH
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UHF Ultra-High Frequency
FREQUENCY
300 MHz
3 GHz
2 GHz
1 GHz
Ham
TV 14-92
FM Broadcast
1000 m
10 Km
WAVELENGTH
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Repeating Hertzs Experiments
Transmitter
Receiver
Matching Transformer
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Transmission
Receiver
Transmitter
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Reflection
Receiver
Transmitter
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Standing Waves
Transmitter
Receiver
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Standing Waves
http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standing_wave
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Calculations

• (lambda) (Wavelength) C (Speed of Light) /
  Frequency