Bellringer

1
Bellringer

• What do you know about the structure of bones?
• Recall from biology that birds have hollow bones.
  What are the advantages of having hollow bones?
• Which do you think would be stronger, hollow
  bones or solid bones?

2
Activity

1. Roll up 3 pieces of paper so they are about 1
   inch wide.
2. Stand them on end and place a paper plate on top
   of them.
3. Add weight until they collapse. How much weight
   did they hold?
4. Repeat, rolling the paper up as tightly as
   possible, so there is no hollow middle. How much
   weight could they support?

3
Bone Structure

• Bones differ greatly in size and shape, but are
  similar in structure.
• Broader area at the ends is called the
  epiphysis.
• Epiphysis is covered with hyaline cartilage (???)
  called articular cartilage.
• The shaft of the bone is called the diaphysis.

4
Bone Structure, continued.

• periosteum ???
• Periosteum is a vascular (???) covering of
  fibrous tissue that completely covers the bone,
  except for the articular cartilage on the ends.
• Tendons and ligaments attach to the periosteum.
• Helps form and repair bone tissue.

5
Bone Structure, continued.

• Compact bone (cortical bone)
• Tightly packed
• Continuous matrix with no gaps
• Makes up the walls of the diaphysis
• Spongy bone (cancellous bone)
• Consists of branching bony plates with connecting
  spaces, which reduce weight
• Makes up the epiphyses (plural form), with thin
  layers of compact bone on their surfaces

6

• Some bones have more dense spongy bone than
  others. WHY?

7
Bone Structure, continued.

• Medullary cavity hollow chamber in the
  diaphysis that is continuous with (???) the
  spongy bone (located where?)
• endosteum ?
• Endosteum is a thin layer of cells lining the
  medullary cavity.
• Marrow specialized type of soft _______
  tissue that fills the cavity.

8
Label Diagram Handout