GLOBAL ISSUES: CONFLICT and COOPERATION

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GLOBAL ISSUESCONFLICT and COOPERATION
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What causes wars in the world today?What role
does geography play in world conflicts?
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Conflict is a state of discord caused by the
actual or perceived opposition of needs, values
and interests
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Conflict can refer to wars, revolutions or other
struggles, which may involve the use of force.
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What causes conflict among nations or regions?
Among the worlds peoples?
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Generally, all international and regional
conflicts can develop from causes such as1.
Economic2. Political3. Cultural
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Economic Causes
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Conflict may arise over struggle for territory
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Some nations wish to expand their lands by taking
over territory owned by their neighbors.
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Why might such a takeover be desired?
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Often, nations seek more territory because they
need more natural resources
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Such resources might include fossil fuels or
valuable minerals, agricultural land, water
resources, and access to the sea for trading
purposes
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Such wars over resources are considered wars
started for economic reasons.
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POLITICAL CAUSES
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Nations and people wish to takeover neighboring
states to expand their power
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Often these causes for conflict are referred to
as nationalist or political reasons
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People of a region or nation believe they possess
a right to takeover and rule another group of
people because they are powerful enough to do so
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Another type of political conflict might arise
between those in power and citizens within the
country who feel they have not been treated fairly
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Such citizens might have been denied political or
civil rights, such as the right to vote, to
speak freely, or to receive fair treatment in
courts of law
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CULTURAL CAUSES
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Many of todays international conflicts begin
because of differences in culture.
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Such cultural differences are often religious
differences
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Unfortunately, some religious groups feel their
particular religion is superior to others and
such intolerance leads to conflict
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Other cultural conflicts are based on ethnic or
racial differences between groups of people
living near one another
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One ethnic or racial group may feel superior to
others. This may lead to prejudice and
discrimination against the minority ethic or
racial group.
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Violence often eventually begins when minority
groups attempt to fight for their individual
rights or liberties
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EXAMPLES of INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT
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ECONOMIC CAUSES
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In 1990, Iraq invaded its neighbor Kuwait in an
attempt to takeover the rich oilfields located
there
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Over the past decades, Peru and Chile engaged in
border disputes and lawsuits in international
courts over fishing rights off the Pacific
coastline
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Disputes are ongoing between Israel and its
neighbors, Lebanon and Syria, over use of water
resources from shared river and aquifer systems.
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Major land disputes around the world
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POLITICAL CAUSES
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In 1989, university students led strikes and
protests against the Chinese government to
challenge that nations authoritarian Communist
government policies banning free speech and open
elections
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Twice in the 20th century, the nation of Germany
invaded its European neighbors in an attempt to
takeover their territory
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In the 1980s, the Soviet Union sent troops into
Afghanistan, in an attempt to support a
Communist government there, while the United
States sent aid and military support of rebels
against the Soviet-backed government.
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CULTURAL CAUSES
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In the mid 1990s, civil war in Rwanda broke out
between two major ethnic groups, each side
seeking power leading to massive human rights
violations
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Over the last half century, the nation of Israel
has defended itself against several military
attacks by its Arab neighbors who have opposed a
Jewish state in the Middle East
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Religious and cultural differences between Muslim
and Hindu citizens of India in the 1930s and
1940s led to the partitioning of India, creating
the Muslim nations of Pakistan and Bangladesh.
These two nations are still involved in border
disputes
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Catholic and Protestant violence in Northern
IrelandReligious differences between the two
sides extended to social, economic, and political
discrimination
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Civil war within the former nation of Yugoslavia
as ethnic groups sought to establish their own
sovereign nations
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As you study about the regions of the world,
analyze the causes of international conflict.
Are they political, economic, and/or cultural
causes?
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And what can (is being) be done to resolve and
avoid such conflicts?
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How is the Iranian president using scapegoating to increase his power? One that is made to bear the blame of others Explain why remembering the events during the World Wars, especially the Holocaust and the events at Auschwitz, may help us better understand the decisions leaders should make today and tomorrow The rise of fundamentalism among the worlds major religions challenges traditional notions of state sovereignty. How might this trend strengthen, or weaken, the United Nations and other attempts to create supranational authority (which also challenges state sovereignty)? Suppose that you were the mediator in negotiations between two states, each claiming the same piece of land. What principles could you follow in developing a mutually acceptable plan for ownership of the territory? What means could you use to persuade the two states to accept your plan?
How is the Iranian president using scapegoating to increase his power? One that is made to bear the blame of others Explain why remembering the events during the World Wars, especially the Holocaust and the events at Auschwitz, may help us better understand the decisions leaders should make today and tomorrow The rise of fundamentalism among the worlds major religions challenges traditional notions of state sovereignty. How might this trend strengthen, or weaken, the United Nations and other attempts to create supranational authority (which also challenges state sovereignty)? Suppose that you were the mediator in negotiations between two states, each claiming the same piece of land. What principles could you follow in developing a mutually acceptable plan for ownership of the territory? What means could you use to persuade the two states to accept your plan?