Three Aging Empires The Holy Roman Empire The Ottoman Empire Poland

1
Three Aging EmpiresThe Holy Roman EmpireThe
Ottoman EmpirePoland
2
The objectives of this slide show will be

• Identify the economic disparity of Eastern
  Europe.
• Identify the reasons behind the decline of the
  Holy Roman Empire.
• What were the reasons that Poland became weaker?
• Where were the Turks finally stopped?
• Why did the Parthenon lose its lid?
• What were the traits of the Prussian state?

3
We are now going to check in on Eastern Europe.
4
For the most part, Eastern Europe was made up of
agricultural estates with landlords.
5
It did not have the industry or naval power of
Western Europe.
6
Here, the peasants were terribly poorin some
areas they were serfs, bought and sold with the
land
7
To make matters more complicated, there were many
different ethnic groups, each with own language.
8
Besides the Catholics and Protestants, the Muslim
faith had encroached into Eastern Europe since
the siege of Constantinople (1453).
9
Out of these three aging empires would emerge
countries who would play an important part in the
history
10
You will need to pay special attention to the
handout and the pages in your book. I will
highlight some of the great stories from this
time.
11
The first empire was the Holy Roman Empire. It
was in decline, and by 1806 it was formally ended
by Napoleon.
12
Voltaire once said the Roman Empire was neither
Holy, or Roman, or Empire. What did he mean by
this?
13
The idea of the Holy Roman Empire was much
different than the reality.
14
At the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 the Empire
lost much of its powerthe German states remained
separate. Each state was intent on having its
liberties preserved.
15
The French continued to meddle and support
various German states against each other. Still
some of the Germany states grew powerful.
16
Many of these rulers aped Louis XIV and tried
to establish their own mini-courts.
17
Small states lived next to larger states, and,
somehow, they did get along, for the most part.
Still, there was not a united Germany.
18
The Poles insisted on their liberties, too.
However, they did not get along, and had a policy
that they must agree or their local parliament,
or diet, would have to disband.
19
This exploding or disbanding or their diet was
called liberum veto.
20
The third empire, was the Ottoman Empireand it
was not a Christian empire.
21
But Christians lived there, paying tribute to
the Grand Sultan.

• Throughout the Balkans, groups of Christians made
  a life for themselves under the crescent.
• Yet there was always a fear that the Muslims
  would expand AGAIN and go even further into
  Europe.

22
And what country was facing the greatest threat
from this Muslim expansion?
23
The emerging country of Austria.

• Out of the wreckage of the Holy Roman Empire and
  the Thirty Years War, Austria and Bohemia were
  now joined together. Austria-Hungary would
  replace the HRE.

24
This new country of Austria sought to root out
Protestantism and re-conquer Hungary.
25
Remember these three aging empiresbecause
between 1648 and 1918 they will all be wiped away.
26
The Turks were held off in 1664, but Louis XIV
incited them to move toward Vienna again. They
did, in one of the most famous stories in
history. ..
27
Before we leave Eastern Europe, lets learn about
two fascinating stories
28
The siege of Vienna in 1683.
29
A vast Muslim horde surrounded Vienna for
monthsmany starved.
30
Louis XIV sat at home, hoping the Hapsburgs were
weakened for good.
31
Who saved Vienna?
32
Eugene of Savoy! Charles of Lorraine! Italian
troops! Jan Sobieski, King of Poland led the
decisive charge!
33
During this war, while the Turks were preoccupied
with the siege, the Venetians saw their chance
to gain control of Greece from the Turks.
34
The Turks used the Parthenon as an ammunition
dump, until it lit on fire and blew the roof off
35
The Parthenon, which had survived for 2,000 years
was blown to ruins.
36
Soon, the Turks were pushed back. Eugene of
Savoy led victories at Zenta, which got the Turks
out of Hungary.
37
Finally, the peace of Karlowitz was signed
(1699), ending farther Muslim encroachment.
Austria also gained Transylvania and Croatia from
the Muslims.
38
Austria, after these gains in the East, then
turned to the West. There, they entered the War
of Spanish Succession, and gained the Spanish
Netherlands (their old lands) which were to
become the Austrian Netherlands. This area, of
course, is known as todays Belgium.
39
(No Transcript)
40
The Turks still held Romania and the Balkan
peninsula, but they were stopped from expansion.
41
The Austrian empire had formed itself through
several victories. Once againwhat was their
ruling house?
42
Yes, the Hapsburgs.
43
The State of Prussia also emerges during this
time. . .
44
It had originally been a border state called
Brandenburg
45
Originally, this land was settled by Teutonic
Knights after the Crusades, a place of safe haven
for members of their illustrious organization.
46
During the Thirty Years War, Frederick William
amassed power. He would be known as The Great
Elector. He was, of course, chosen for his
position.
47
But his ancestors would soon become the Kings of
Prussiano longer electors.
48
The title of King was awarded to Frederick Is
grandson. He helped defeat the armies of Louis
XIV in the Battle of Spanish Succession.
49
For his help, he asked for the title of King of
Prussia.
50
Prussia developed into a unique, military state.
All energies went into maintaining a strong army.
51
In history, we might think of Prussia as a state
similar to ancient Spartawhere young men were
trained to be warriors.
52
Prussia developed industry and welcomed Jews and
Huguenots who fled after the revocation of the
Edict of Nantes.
53
(No Transcript)
54
The landed class was called Junkersthey
dominated politics in Prussia, and the future
German State, for years to come.
55
The Junkers were dependent on the peasantswho
were serfs, tied to the land with little freedom
of movement.
56
The term Prussian survives todayas a terms that
means duty, obedience, service, elitist,
regimented. Even during World War II, Hitler
himself distrusted Prussian officers.
57
The objectives of this slide show were to

• Identify the economic disparity of Eastern
  Europe.
• Identify the reasons behind the decline of the
  Holy Roman Empire.
• What were the reasons that Poland became weaker?
• Where were the Turks finally stopped?
• Why did the Parthenon lose its lid?
• What were the traits of the Prussian state?