The Growth of Civilization

1
The Growth of Civilization

• Early Peoples The Renaissance

2
Pre-Historic Americas

• Last Ice Age Glaciers cover 1/3 of the Earth, as
  far down as present-day Kentucky.
• Glaciers lock up water and expose low lands,
  including a land bridge between Siberia and
  Alaska.
• The first bands of hunters track herds of animals
  across the land bridge and keep moving south over
  time to Central and South America.

3
Early Civilizations

• Farming advanced cities emerged
• As people traveled deeper into the Americans,
  where are they most likely to settle?
• Civilization a society that has certain basic
  features
• Olmecs Earliest known civilization in the
  Americas.
• Studied the stars and developed a calendar that
  would predict the seasons and mark the passage of
  time

4
Early Civilizations

• Mayas
• Social Classes - Priests held great power
• Advances in Learning
• Predict eclipses
• 365 Day Calendar
• System of Numbers that included the Concept of
  Zero
• Aztecs
• Nomads
• Tenochtitlan
• Religion - Sun God thousands of sacrifices each
  year

5
Early Civilizations

• North American Natives
• People of the Southwest
• Irrigation to farm the desert
• Roads to link towns
• ADOBE HOUSES Known as Pueblos. Sun dried brick.
• Mound Builders
• Originally used for burials
• Later for Religious Ceremonies

6
The First Global Age

• 1400s Travelers and Trade Goods moved along land
  and sea routes that connect Africa, The Middle
  East, and Asia.
• For the first time, far off parts of the world
  begin to be linked i.e. the first Global Age

7
The Muslim World

• The growth of trade and conquest is simultaneous
  with the spread of Islam. Muslim merchants carry
  the faith to people living along trade routes of
  Asia and Africa and unites Muslims from many
  lands.
• Silk Road Overland routes that crossed the
  grasslands, mountains, and deserts of Central
  Asia and linked China to the Middle East. Prized
  Chinese silks were carried along them for more
  than 2,000 years.
• Travel was dangerous.

8
The Greek Empire

• 500 B.C. Greece enters a Golden Age
• Socrates, Aristotle great minds. Reason.
• Lived in City-States
• Athens first created Direct Democracy form of
  government in which ordinary citizens have the
  power to govern.
• All citizens could attend assembly and make laws
  for the city. However, only free men whose
  parents were born in Athens were considered
  citizens.

9
The Roman Empire

• 509 B.C. Rome overthrows their king and set up
  a Republic.
• Republic a system of government in which
  citizens choose representatives to govern them.
• Senate Assembly Make Laws
• Everyone is equal before the law/Innocent until
  proven Guilty
• Rules about evidence used in court
• Discuss Compare Greek and Roman ideas about
  Government

10
The Middle Ages

• 500 1400 A.D.
• Feudalism system of rule by lords who ruled
  their lands but owed loyalty and military service
  to a monarch.
• Most Powerful Force The Roman Catholic Church
• Large amounts of land
• Source of education (clergy often the only people
  who could read and write)

11
The Middle Ages

• The Crusades
• 1100 1300
• Series of wars fought by the Christians to
  control the Holy Land (Jerusalem and other places
  where Jesus lived and taught). Muslims had ruled
  the Holy Land for centuries.
• After nearly 200 years of fighting (very bloody)
  the Crusaders failed to win permanent control of
  the Holy Land
• However, during the Crusades, trade increased
  tremendously as the Crusaders came in contact
  with other civilizations.

12
The Renaissance

• Great burst of learning which occurred from the
  late 1300s the 1600s
• New discoveries in art, medicine, astronomy, and
  chemistry
• Printing Press
• Johannes Gutenburg (German Printer) 1430s
• Large numbers of books could now be printed
  quickly and at a low cost.
• More people began to read, spreading learning
  faster

13
The Renaissance

• Search for New Trade Routes
• European rulers began to increase their power
• Eager to increase wealth, saw trade as the way to
  new profits
• Search for valuable spices
• Portugal Early Leader
• Bartolomeu Dias 1488 reaches southern tip of
  Africa
• Vasco de Gama 1497 rounds the Cape of Good
  Hope and sails up the coast of East Africa,
  across the Indian Ocean to India.