Rice Stink Bug Management:

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Rice Stink Bug Management

• A program in transition

Michael Stout, Bryce Blackman, Jason Hamm
Natalie Hummel
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Life Cycle and Biology

• Adults begin overwintering in October and emerge
  from overwintering in March/April
• Populations in spring and early summer build up
  on alternate grass hosts

Barnyard grass
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Life Cycle and Biology

• Females lay rows of 20-30 eggs
• Laid over 900 in lab tests
• Eggs turn black as they age

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Life Cycle and Biology

• Nymphs hatch in 4-11 days
• Five instars before adulthood

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Life Cycle and Biology

• Adults and nymphs suck fluid from developing
  grains

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Economic Importance

• Potential for yield losses
• Feeding introduces fungi that causes peck
• Leads to discoloration and broken kernels
• Reduces grade and overall value of grain

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Current Research Information System

Item No. 1 of 1 ACCESSION NO 0219171 SUBFILE CRIS PROJ NO LAB03993 AGENCY NIFA LA.B PROJ TYPE SPECIAL GRANT PROJ STATUS NEW CONTRACT/GRANT/AGREEMENT NO 2009-34103-20018 PROPOSAL NO 2009-00835 START 01 SEP 2009 TERM 31 AUG 2012 FY 2009 GRANT YR 2009 GRANT AMT 60,898 INVESTIGATOR Stout, M. Hummel, N. Groth, D. Machtmes, K. Bernhardt, J. Tindall, K. Way, M. PERFORMING INSTITUTION Entomology LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY BATON ROUGE, LOUISIANA 70893 REVISING MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS FOR THE RICE STINK BUG IN SOUTHERN RICE
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Survey work Dr. Hummel
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Insecticide used to control rice stink bug in 2009 in Louisiana and Texas Percentage () LA Percentage () TX
Malathion57 EC 29 8
Sevin 80S 0 0
Sevin 4F 0 0
Methyl 4 EC 19 36
KarateZ 67 48
Mustang Max 38 56
Prolex 3 0
Proaxis 0 0
Tenchu 20SG 1 40
Other 0 12
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Components of a RSB management program

• Scouting and population monitoring
• Thresholds for insecticide applications
• Insecticide applications
• Alternative management tactics

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For each component of the RSB management program

• What is the current practice?
• What are the weaknesses of the current practice?
• What are we doing about it?
• What should we be doing about it?

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Components of a RSB Management Program

• Scouting
• Thresholds
• Insecticides
• Alternatives to insecticides

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Scouting / population monitoring

• Begin at 50 75 heading
• Sweep net -- 15 inch diameter
• 180 every step, at least 10 sweeps at 10
  locations

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What are the weaknesses of this scouting method?

• Standardization / consistency among samplers
• Labor intensive
• How efficient?

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Using a Sweep Net for Insect Scouting
DescriptionDr. Roger Leonard demonstrates how to effectively use a sweep net in a soybean field for insect scouting. Primary AudienceGeneral Resource Updated5/4/2010 85214 AM


File Type
Using a Sweep Net-Dial-Up WMV
Using a Sweep Net-Broadband WMVTo save, right click on file and select "Save Target As..."
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Number of RSB recaptured
Number of RSB seeded in 20 ft plot
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Odor Source
Methyl Salicylate
Control

Caryophyllene
Control
Linalool
Control
Limonene
Control
0
100
100
50
50
75
75
25
25
Response
P lt 0.05
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Prospective Technology

• Electronic nose
• Handheld volatile analysis computer
• Tested on stink bugs in cotton

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Components of a RSB Management Program

• Scouting Extension efforts to standardize
  sampling methods research on attractants
• Thresholds
• Insecticides
• Alternatives to insecticides

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Components of a RSB Management Program

• Scouting Extension efforts to standardize
  sampling methods research on attractants
• Thresholds
• Insecticides
• Alternatives to insecticides

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Current Thresholds

• First two weeks of heading 3 bugs per 10 sweeps
  (30 per 100)
• After first two weeks 10 bugs per 10 sweeps (100
  per 100)

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Potential weaknesses of these thresholds

• Origin of thresholds unknown has not been
  updated for 25 years to account for new
  varieties, etc
• Thresholds in TX recently increased
• Growers satisfied with thresholds, but are we
  spraying too much?
• Thresholds for different varieties, ratoon?

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RSB Cage Study

• 2010- Four replications
• Cages infested with RSB at 50-75 heading
• Cages removed after 11 days
• Plots sprayed biweekly thereafter until grain
  hardening

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RSB Cage Study

• Treatments 0, 1, 2, 5, or 10 stink bugs per 6.67
  sq ft cage
• Corresponds (roughly) to 0.8, 1.6, 4, and 8 x
  threshold

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RSB Cage Study

• 2010-Cage Study Yield (grams)

Rep 1 Rep 2 Rep 3
0 358.14 606.61 446.15
1 392.55 422.85 461.26
2 444.67 555.22 397.53
5 451.06 537.82 437.50
10 472.83 581.68 468.79
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Components of a RSB Management Program

• Scouting Extension efforts to standardize
  sampling methods research on attractants
• Thresholds Revise thresholds
• Insecticides
• Alternatives to insecticides

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Components of a RSB Management Program

• Scouting Extension efforts to standardize
  sampling methods research on attractants
• Thresholds Revise thresholds
• Insecticides
• Alternatives to insecticides

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Currently registered insecticides

• Pyrethroids (Karate, Mustang Max, Declare,
  Prolex)
• Organophosphates (malathion, methyl parathion)
• Sevin (carbaryl)
• Neonicotinoids (dinotefuran Section 18 in
  Texas)

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What are the shortcomings of our current arsenal
of insecticides?

• Some options ineffective
• Short residual activities
• Loss of methyl parathion
• Concerns about resistance

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EPA has received requests from the registrants to
voluntarily cancel all product registrations
containing methyl parathion, a restricted use
organophosphate insecticide and acaricide used
primarily on cotton, corn, and rice, as well as
on other agricultural crops. These requests would
terminate the last methyl parathion products
registered for use in the U.S., effective
December 31, 2012. End-use products will not be
sold after August 31, 2013, and end-use products
cannot legally be used after December 31, 2013.
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Location LC50 (µg) 95 CI
LA 2001-2002 0.63 0.47-0.84
TX 2009 1.41 0.09-98.61
Round Mott 3.51
Ganado 2.80
East Bernard 1.05
Beaumont 0.67
AR 2009 0.53 0.27-0.99
LA 2009 0.86 0.61-1.23
MO 2009 0.65 0.34-1.34
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Location LC50 (µg) 95 CI
LA 2001-2002 0.63 0.47-0.84
Arkansas 2010 0.44 0.19-0.96
Amagon 0.20 0.01-1.29
Gus 1st collection 0.19 0.00-0.45
John Bernhardt 0.96 0.15-20.09
Mississippi 2010 0.16 0.10-0.21
Location 1 0.19 0.09-0.27
Location 2 0.14 0.06-0.21
Missouri 2010 0.54 0.20-1.73
Wardell 0.43 0.03-2.60
Lee Farm 0.56 0.43-0.69
Marsh Farm 0.35 0.26-0.44
Louisiana 2010 0.17 0.09-0.29
Texas 2010 0.44 0.15-0.81
Beaumont 0.16 0.10-0.22
Gandado 1.55 0.93-2.25
Kendelton 0.50 N/A
Round Mott 1.79 1.24-2.57
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New alternatives

• Declare, generic pyrethroids
• Tenchu (dinotefuran), Section 18 submitted for
  Louisiana 2011
• Other neonicotinoids and pyrethroid/neonic mixes
• Some of these new products expected to have
  longer residual activities, but no evidence for
  this yet
• Tank mixes with fungicides?

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Components of a RSB Management Program

• Scouting Extension efforts to standardize
  sampling methods research on attractants
• Thresholds Revise thresholds
• Insecticides Evaluate new insecticides and
  cooperate in registration efforts
• Alternatives to insecticides

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Components of a RSB Management Program

• Scouting Extension efforts to standardize
  sampling methods research on attractants
• Thresholds Revise thresholds
• Insecticides Evaluate new insecticides and
  cooperate in registration efforts
• Alternatives to insecticides

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RSB vs Weed Density
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RSB Variety Tolerance Trials

• 2010- four experiments planted at different
  times, each with 4 reps
• 1CL 151, 2CL161, 3Cocodrie, 4CL 131
• Top 4 long grain varieties in 2009
• 5Neptune, 6Jupiter (replaced w/ Bengal)
• Medium grain varieties
• 7CLXL723
• Hybrid
• 8Kaybonnet and 9Lagrue
• Displayed tolerance in previous tests

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RSB Variety Tolerance Trials
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Components of a RSB Management Program

• Scouting Extension efforts to standardize
  sampling methods research on attractants
• Thresholds Revise thresholds
• Insecticides Evaluate new insecticides and
  cooperate in registration efforts
• Alternatives to insecticides Host-plant
  resistance and cultural practices

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Questions and comments What should we be doing?

• Scouting video? New sampling approaches?
• Revise thresholds?
• Evaluation of insecticides?
• Host-plant resistance research? Cultural
  practices?

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Author

• Michael Stout
• mstout_at_agcenter.lsu.edu