UNFCCC WORKSHOP Port Louis, Mauritius (8-11 April 2003)

1
UNFCCC WORKSHOPPort Louis, Mauritius (8-11 April
2003)

• USE OF THE GUIDELINES FOR THE PREPARATION OF
  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS FROM NON-ANNEX I PARTIES
• MITIGATION OF CLIMATE CHANGE CASE STUDIES FROM
  AFRICA AND CAPACITY BUILDING
• Dr Moussa Kola CISSE
• Enda/Dakar-SENEGAL

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Mitigation of Climate Change Case studies from
Africa and Capacity building

• Key provisions required by the guidelines
• Methodological approaches reference documents
  for mitigation analysis study
• Lessons from Africa case studies
• Capacity building issues

3
Key provisions required by the guidelines

• Information on the general description of steps
  taken or envisaged by the NAI Party to implement
  the Convention
• Including national and regional programmes
  containing measures to mitigate climate change
• Addressing anthropogenic emissions by sources and
  removals by sinks of all GHGs not controlled by
  the Montreal Protocol
• Relevant information by key sectors on
  methodologies, scenarios, results, measures and
  institutional arrangements
• Based on national circumstances, within the
  framework of sustainable development
• Any other relevant information to the achievement
  of the objective of the Convention

4
Methodological approaches reference documents

• Technical resources
• Technologies, Policies and Measures for
  Mitigating Climate Change (IPCC Technical Paper
  I)
• UNEP/Riso Economics of GHG limitations,
  GF/2200-96-15
• GHG Mitigation assessment A Guidebook
• GHG Mitigation Assessment A Guidebook by US
  Country Studies Program
• Models
• LEAP Long range Energy Alternatives Planning
  system (Energy sector)
• COMAP Comprehensive Mitigation Assessment
  Process (Land use change Forestry)
• Statistic tools (other sectors)

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Methodological approaches reference documents
(continued)

• Analytical structure
• Evaluation of national social and economic
  development framework for climate change
  mitigation
• Baseline scenario projection
• Mitigation scenarios projections
• Macroeconomic assessment
• Implementation issues

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Lessons from Africa case studies

• Background for Africa GHG emissions
• Minor contributor of GHG emissions
• 3.2 of the world total carbon emissions
• 7.7 for methane
• Energy 32 of GHG emissions in Africa
• Land use 37
• Agriculture 20
• Industrial processes 1
• Waste 10

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Lessons from Africa case studies (continued)

• Senegal GHG emissions
• Total GHG emissions in 1995 9317 Gg Eq CO2
• Energy 41
• Agriculture 32
• Waste 24
• Industrial processes 3

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Lessons from Africa case studies (continued)

• Challenges and Opportunities for climate change
  mitigation
• Mitigation analysis not an end, but as mean to
  achieve sustainable development goals
• Power and transport sectors offer a great promise
  in African countries

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Lessons from Africa case studies (continued)

• Results of Mitigation analysis study in Senegal
• Sector Energy
• Time horizon 20 years
• Base year 1995
• Model LEAP
• Baseline scenario
• No specific measure to mitigate GHG emissions
• Sector policy considered
• Hydroelectricity in 2003 and 2007
• Biomass energy consumption continue

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Lessons from Africa case studies (continued)

• Mitigation scenario
• Increase of natural gas use
• Increase of LPG use
• Decrease of biomass energy consumption
• Mitigation options
• Increase of sequestration capacity
• Promoting renewable energies
• Energy efficiency in industrial sector
• CO2 emission saved for energy efficiency
• Senelec (393000 Teq CO2) Sonacos (1 400 000 Teq
  CO2)
• Cost 12 USD per Teq CO2 9 USD

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Lessons from Africa case studies (continued)

• Main problems for mitigation analysis study
• Baseline scenario not include assessment of
  existing policies and measures
• Projection data and parameters based on plans
  and objectives which need to be updated
• Use of statistic methods which are limited for a
  long term forcasts
• Mitigation analysis based on sectoral inventory
  and not taking into account the cross cutting
  issues as well as the derived effects
• Mitigation options listed without any analysis
• GHG emission saved not estimated
• Economic impacts analysis weak
• Uncertainties not assessed

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Capacity Building issues for the preparation of
NC in Africa

• Context
• Lack of specific policy in CC issues
• National or regional institutions not flexible to
  include CC concerns in their mandate or action
  plans
• Availability of technical and sectoral
  capacities, but not very well involved in CC
  issues
• Turn over of human resources and changes in
  institutions
• Limited Research capacities
• Weak collaboration between institutions and not
  well networking at national, regional and
  international level

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Capacity Building issues for the preparation of
NC in Africa (continued)

• Capacity Building initiatives in practice
• Participation to the UNFCCC process (negociation,
  subsidiary bodies, review process) Learning by
  doing and information process
• Thematic seminars, confrences, workshops (UNFCCC
  and other organizations at international or
  bilateral level)
• Collaborative Researches with Annex I
  institutions, universities, or UN collaborative
  centres
• Specif projects for capacity building (UNDP/GEF,
  CCTrain)
• Enabling activities for the preparation of NC

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Capacity Building issues for the preparation of
NC in Africa (continued)

• Limits
• Lack of strategies and specific action plans at
  national and international level
• Initiatives not well coordinated
• Short term vision
• More focus on activities and agenda seetting
• Lack of resources
• Limited diversification of target groups
• Needs and Priorities of CB not well or
  systematicaly identified (Donors driven)

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Capacity Building issues for the preparation of
NC in Africa (continued)

• Positive aspects
• More interest on CC issues
• CC Technical and Information sources well known
• Availability of national studies on CC
  (inventory, mitigation, VA, CDM and negotiation
  issues)
• Progressive establishment of capacities and
  excellence centres
• Establishment of focal points and concertation
  mechamisms at national level

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Capacity Building issues for the preparation of
NC in Africa (continued)

• Strategy Approach
• Institutional CB
• Establishment of national and regional capacity
  nodes
• Actions
• Enhance scientific and technical capacities
• Strengthen competent and permanent institutions
  working on CC issues