FAD

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FAD

• Simon J. Kenyon
• Ross University

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FAD Myths

• FADs are a problem for large animal veterinarians
• FADs look like the pictures
• USDA/APHIS/VS doesnt like false alarms
• It cant happen to me

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Jul Dec 2009
Jan Jun 2010
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 WHO 2003-9 "An influenza pandemic occurs when a
new influenza virus appears against which the
human population has no immunity, resulting in
epidemics worldwide with enormous numbers of
deaths and illness  WHO 2010 "An influenza
pandemic may occur when a new influenza virus
appears against which the human population has no
immunity"
CDC 1997 "The hallmark of pandemic influenza is
excess mortality"   CDC "There are some
pandemics that look very much like a bad flu
season"
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MassLive.com
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Some recent cases

• Screwworm, Sept 2007, Mississippi
• Avian Influenza HPAI, 2004 - H5N2 Texas, H7N3
  British Columbia
• Exotic Newcastle Disease 2003 California, Texas
  
• BSE, 2003 - 2007 imported and US bred cattle
• Monkey Pox, multi-state, June 2003
• Bluetongue Montana, Wyoming 2007

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Monkey Pox

• Imported Gambian Giant Rat
• Prairie Dogs
• Humans

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Screwworm
Image from The Gray Book, University of Georgia
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Screwworm
Screwworm - Third instar larvae, Cochliomyia
hominivorax
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Recent Outbreaks

• Exotic Newcastle Disease California, Texas etc

Sept. 2003
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Opportunities for Veterinarians

• Initial Accreditation Training Course
• USDA/APHIS/VS and State Animal Health Depts.
• Animal Surveillance Emergency Response Teams
  (ASERT)
• Purdues Graduate Certificate Program in
  Veterinary Homeland Security

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www.EDEN.lsu.edu
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FMD - Cattle
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Vesicles or blisters on tongue, dental pad, or
teats
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FMD
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Hogs and other species vesicles on coronary band
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Hog - Vesicle on snout
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Clinical Comparisons Snouts

• Foot and Mouth Disease
• Vesicular Exanthema

• Swine Vesicular Disease
• Vesicular Stomatitis

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FMD
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Swine Vesicular Disease
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Sheep disease may be very mild
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Diff. Diagnosis of Vesicular Dis.
Cattle Sheep Swine Horse
FMD S S S R
Vesicular stomatitis S S S S
Vesicular Exanthema of Swine R R S R
Swine Vesicular Disease R R S R
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Airborne Spread?
O Lausanne 1965
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National Animal Health Laboratories Network
(NAHLN) 2003
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Proposed Biosafety Level 4 sites

• Flora, Mississippi
• Athens, Georgia
• San Antonio, Texas
• Butner, North Carolina

Manhattan, Kansas
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African Horse Sickness
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African Horse Sickness
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African Horse Sickness
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African Horse Sickness
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African Horse Sickness
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Avian Influenza
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Avian influenza

• Natural Host Waterfowl (ducks, geese etc.)
• Domestic species affected
• Chickens, ducks, geese, turkeys, guinea fowl,
  quail and pheasant
• Some pet birds

Low Pathogenicity (LPAI) High Pathogenicity
(HPAI)
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Symptoms of HPAI

• A lot of birds affected
• Dead birds
• Very sick birds
• Coughing and sneezing
• Swollen combs and wattles
• Discolored and swollen joints
• Diarrhea

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Avian Influenza
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Avian Influenza
Cyanotic Comb
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VVND
Edema and hemorrhage of the head esp. eyelids
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VVND
Hemorrhages in proventriculus
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VVND
Necrosis of cecal tonsil and Peyers patches
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African Swine Fever
Reddening of ears and skin (non-specific)
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African Swine Fever
Enlarged dark red or black spleen. Note kidney
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African Swine Fever
Hemorrhagic gastro-hepatic lymph nodes
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African Swine Fever
Enlarged, hemorrhagic peri-renal lymph nodes
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Hog Cholera
Conjunctivitis and exudate at medial canthus
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Hog Cholera
Tonsillar necrosis
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Hog Cholera
Splenic infarcts
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Hog Cholera
Petechial hemorrhages in renal cortex
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Rinderpest
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BVD
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EHD in a cow
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Rinderpest
Necrosis of Peyers patches
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Rinderpest
Zebra stripe hemorrhages of colonic mucosa
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Peste des Petits Ruminants
Zebra stripe hemorrhages of colonic mucosa - goat
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Stomatitis-Enteritis Case Definition Ocular
Discharge Nasal Discharge And Fever Oral
Erosions/Lesions Salivation Corneal
Opacity Diarrhea Death Outbreaks of contagious
disease exhibiting discharge (ocular and nasal)
and any two of the above-mentioned symptoms
should be reported as stomatitis-enteritis
outbreaks. Note that it is the outbreak that
must meet the case definition, not individual
animals.
The stomatitis-enteritis case definition is used
to ensure that all case that could be Rinderpest
are investigated
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How to Do the Gel Diffusion Test for Rinderpest
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Bluetongue
EHD
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Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia
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Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia
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Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia
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Malignant Catarrhal Fever
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Malignant Catarrhal Fever
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Cutaneous lymphosarcoma
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Lumpy Skin Disease
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• Lumpy skin disease

massive lymphadenopathy and edema of the
forelimb is common
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Lumpy Skin Disease
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Sheep pox lesions on underside of tail of a sheep
From The Gray Book
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Recovered case of lumpy skin disease. The scars
are called sitfasts
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