Handouts Practical Teaching

1
Handouts Practical Teaching
  Practical Workshops
2
What is language?

• Language is an arbitrary system of vocal symbols
  used to communicate ideas and express feelings
  among the members of a certain social community.
  This definition of language means a- Human
  language is quantitatively and qualitatively
  complex as compared to other system of
  communications. b- Language is vocal, i.e.
  composed basically of spoken elements, c-
  Language is arbitrary given meanings or
  referents, d- Language is used basically for
  purpose of communication. Functions of language
  The following is a list of language functions
  1- Personal to express one's emotions, needs,
  thoughts, desires, etc. 2- interpersonal to
  maintain good social relations with individuals
  and groups3- Directive to control the behaviors
  of others through advice, warning, requests,
  persuasion, discussion, etc. 4- Referential to
  talk about objects or events in the immediate
  environment or in the culture. 5-
  Metalinguistic to talk about language e.g. what
  does ..mean? 6- Imaginative to use language
  creativity in rhyming composing poetry, etc.

3
Why do we learn English?

• Here are a few suggestions
• Fulfill school/university requirements
• Function and compete effectively in the global
  economy of today and the future
• Increase job opportunities and salary potential
• Develop intercultural sensitivity, increasing
  global understanding
• Improve English vocabulary and language
  proficiency in order to communicate with members
  of that language community.
• Improve critical and creative thinking skills
• Improve one's education
• Enhance travel and study abroad opportunities
• Enjoy great literary and musical masterpieces and
  films in their original language
• Improve likelihood of acceptance into university
  and graduate schools
• Increase understanding of people in own country
• Gain social power (prestige)
• Have a secret code
• Please one's parents
• Any other reason(s)?

4
Here are a few suggestions

• Fulfill school/university requirements
• Function and compete effectively in the global
  economy of today and the future
• Increase job opportunities and salary potential
• Develop intercultural sensitivity, increasing
  global understanding
• Improve English vocabulary and language
  proficiency in order to communicate with members
  of that language community.
• Improve critical and creative thinking skills
• Improve one's education
• Enhance travel and study abroad opportunities
• Enjoy great literary and musical masterpieces and
  films in their original language
• Improve likelihood of acceptance into university
  and graduate schools
• Increase understanding of people in own country
• Gain social power (prestige)
• Have a secret code
• Please one's parents
• Any other reason(s)?

5
Planning

• Why is planning important?
• Gives structure to each lesson.
• Supports continuity and progression.
• Helps teachers to be clear about what they are
  teaching.
• Supports differentiation by enabling observation
  of students' learning to inform planning.
• Gives opportunity to reflect on the sequence of
  teaching and students' possible response and to
  prepare for contingencies.
• Ensures choice and preparation of material in
  advance.
• Provides a record of teaching for parents, peers,
  head teachers and supervisors.
• Enables teachers to discuss and develop their
  teaching collaboratively.
• Gives the teacher the chance to give good
  teaching through considering the individual
  differences.
• Gives the teacher the ability to anticipate
  (predict) to evaluate the situation to meet any
  emergencies.
• Documentation for the administration
  supervisor.
• To develop peer work among teachers.
• Emphasizes teacher's professionalism by
  demonstrating their accountability

6
Planning

• Daily lesson Plan
• It's a document that states the practical
  procedures towards the target objectives.
• The table of content
• The daily plan usually begins with the table of
  content that includes
• Learning Objectives
• The expected outcomes in students' behavior
  after having a certain experience. They have to
  be SMART.
•  SMART
• Specific
• Achievable
• Realistic
•  Timed
•  Measurable
• What's meant by SMART?

7
Planning
8
Planning

•  
• New language
• It's the new language to be taught. It includes
• New vocabulary.
• New structures.
• New functions.
• Resources
• It's the teaching aids, the audio visual
  materials the teacher is going to use to
  facilitate his job and achieve his target
  objectives. The time the teacher decides to use
  certain aids he should
• Consider the content he is to present.
• Consider the students' levels.
• Consider individual differentiations.
• Try the material before using it in the
  classroom.
• Choose easy done, safe, cheap and clear
  materials.
• Use the audio-visual material for purpose not as
  time fillers.
• Decide when and how to use the teaching aid.
• What are different audio-visual materials can be
  used in the class?
• There are variety of these materials, the teacher
  should be clever in choosing the appropriate
  materials that facilitates not hinders the
  teaching learning process. Teachers can use
  pictures cassettes Realia flash cards OH
  Transparencies drawing puppets video films
  handouts miming acting gestures . . .
  etc
• prerequisite
• It's the previous experience that relates mainly
  to the objectives the teacher is going to
  achieve. It's previous words or structures that
  pave the way for the new lesson. The teacher
  should be very careful in choosing the
  appropriate pre-requisite having in mind that
  human beings memories have a system in organizing
  knowledge as similar and related items are
  gathered in units.

9
Advice for implementing a Pre-requisite

• Advice for implementing a Pre-requisite
• It's important to know that each activity should
  have its own pre-requisite especially if it
  includes new and different new language.
• The teacher should employ different techniques to
  present this phase. Variety is required.
• The teacher should revise active words and
  structure and never revise every thing.
• Warming up
• It's the phase that aims at tuning students' ears
  to the English lesson to create a friendly and
  relaxed atmosphere between the teacher and the
  students.
• It can be defined as a switch on of the English
  mood and a switch off of the Arabic mood. It's a
  transition period where teachers try to melt the
  ice and build an intimacy.
• Warming up, . . . Why?
• It plays a crucial role in breaking ice.
• It motivates students to participate and accept
  the presence of the teacher as well as the
  foreign language.
• It creates a supportive, pleasant, and relaxed
  working atmosphere that paved the way to acquire
  and use language.
• It helps engaging the students' feelings as well
  as their minds.

10

• Warming up, How . . . ?
• Different techniques can be used to warm students
  up in this phase, variety is required. The
  teacher shouldn't stick her / him self to a
  certain technique, he should vary between using
  jokes, riddles that can stimulate and motivate
  students towards positive participation and
  involvement in the new lesson.
• Presentation
• It's the process of presenting the new language
  ( vocabulary structure functions) using
  different techniques that help students to
  acquire language.
• This process includes
• Revising related language items.
• Presenting the new language ( using different
  techniques )
• Mechanical practice for drilling the new language
  .
• Controlled practice where the teacher controls
  the students' performance through certain
  prepared activities. ( SB WB activities ).
• Freer practice where the teacher guides the
  students' performance through certain prompts.
• Consolidation where students use the new language
  to express themselves and their lives.

11

• Summative evaluation
• It's an overall evaluation process. The teacher
  use summative evaluation at the end of the period
  to make sure that students have acquired the new
  language presented throughout the lesson. It's
  advisable to use authentic summative evaluation
  to give the students the opportunity to use new
  language for real personal purposes in a
  communicative way.
• Homework
• It's considered an integrated part of the lesson
  in the sense it reinforces the learnt language
  and increases the students' time of practicing
  the new learnt language.
• The characteristics of the homework activity
• It should be demonstrated in advance.
• It should be easy, authentic, short and within
  students' abilities.
• It should be stimulate students' towards
  research.
• It should reinforce the learnt language.
• Rounding up
• It's a conclusion phase that summarize the
  lesson. It's essential to help students organize
  their thoughts and what hey have learnt. The
  teacher should vary his techniques for rounding
  up his lesson, from eliciting the meaning of the
  learnt vocabulary, drilling the words,
  summarizing the reading passage to singing the
  words, matching the words with pictures or
  stimulating students to use the new structure to
  express themselves
• Sample 1 (governmental Schools)

12
Bloom's Taxonomy