AIR POLLUTION

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WELCOME
TO
MY PROJECT BY MOHD.NASEERUDDIN G.B.H.S MEDAK
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AIR POLLUTION

• Presented by
• MOHD.NASEERUDDIN
• S.A BIO-SCIENCE
• G.B.H.S MEDAK

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ENVIRONMENT

• sum of all social, economical ,biological,
  physical or chemical factors which constitute the
  surroundings of man who is both creator and
  moulder is called environment.
• Environment consists of
• Abiotic
• Biotic and
• Energy components

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SEGMENTS OF ENVIRONMENT

• Atmosphere
• the protective thick gaseous layers
  surrounding the earth
• Hydrosphere
• It deals with water which includes sea,
  rivers, oceans,
• lakes etc.
• Lithosphere
• The solid components of the earth which
  includes soil,
• rocks, and other nonliving things.
• Biosphere
• It deals with living things present in
  atmosphere and
• hydrosphere.

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Types of Pollution

• 1. Air Pollution
• 2. Water pollution
• 3. Soil pollution
• 4. Sound pollution

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COMPOSITION OF ATMOSPHERE

• The natural air consists of
• N2 78.84
• O2 20.94
• CO2 0.03
• Ar. others 1

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Air pollution

• Direct or indirect introduction of any material
  in to the atmosphere in an amount that effects
  the quantity and composition of the outside
  atmosphere resulting in detrimental effect on
  human beings and non-living things is called air
  pollution

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Air pollution is most important from public point
of view, because every individual person breathes
approximately 22000 times a day inhaling about 15
to 22 kgs of air daily. The polluted air causes
ill effects.
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CAUSES OF AIR POLLUTION

• NATURAL CAUSES
• Volcanic eruptions
• Burning of forests
• Storms
• Virus bacteria
• Earthquakes

• MAN-MADE CAUSES
• Increase in human population
• Rapid industrialization
• Deforestation
• Transportation services
• Agricultural activities
• Radioactive substances

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(No Transcript)
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INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION
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INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION
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VOLCANIC ERUPTION
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LAVA
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POLLUTANT

• The excess concentration any unwanted gaseous
  substance present in atmosphere that causes
  harmful effect to the living and nonliving things
  is called pollutant.

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Classification of pollutants

• 1. primary pollutants
• The substances which are produced at the
  source it self and enters into the atmosphere
  directly.
• co2, co, NOx, sox
• 2. Secondary pollutants.
• The primary pollutants undergo chemical
  reaction in presence of sun light and produce a
  new toxic substances are called secondary
  pollutants
• PAN,PBN and any photochemical
  smog.

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Types of pollutants

• Gaseous pollutants
• CO, CO2, NOx, SOx, CFCs, HF,
• Hydrocarbons and all other vapours.
• Particulates
• dust, smoke,
• Aerosols
• mist, fog ,fumes gases and smog

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Effects of air pollution

• Carbon monoxide
• It combines with haemoglobin and forms
  
• carboxyhaemoglobin which leads to death.
• It causes
• headache, nausea, hard breathing,
  cardiovascular disorders and lung cancer.

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• SULPHUR OXIDES
• It causes respiratory problems like bronchitis
• It causes chlorosis, necrosis, plasmolysis,
  and
• retards growth of plants.
• It causes acid rains
• It causes corrosion of metals

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Carbon dioxide It leads to rise in global
warming. due to which the icebergs melt ,water
levels increases in oceans and submerge cities
Islands may disappear
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Nitrogen oxides

• These oxides form PAN and PBN by undergoing
  chemical reaction in the presence of sun light.
• They lead to acid rains which damage crops and
  structures and causes skin cancer, eye irritation
  and asthma.

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Effects of air pollution on plants

• Acid rain destroys crops and forests.
• SO2 it causes bleaching of leaves.
• NO2 it causes bleaching of leaves and reduced
  fruit production.
• HF it damages the crops.

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Effects of air pollution on property

• SO2 it causes corrosion and damages marble
  structures, eg., Tajmahal.
• NO2 H2S cause corrosion of buildings and
  darkening of painted surfaces.

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General effects air pollution

• Green house effect
• Ozone depletion
• Acid rain

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DEPLETION OF OZONE LAYER

• The ozone layer is present in stratosphere which
  is extended from 11 to 15 km from the surface of
  earth
• It protects the living things from UV radiation
• OZONE LAYER is depleted by various pollutants
  NOX, CFCs present in the atmosphere.
• Due to depletion of ozone layer the UV radiation
  passes on to the surface of the earth and it
  effects
• 1.Gobal temperature
• 2.Rate of photosynthesis
• 3.Causes skin diseases

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Ozone is mainly broken down by chemicals called
Chlorofluorocarbons and also by nitrogen oxides.
CFC's ironically were first used in large
quantities because they were thought to be safe
and inert (unreactive) chemicals. They are a
group of chemically similar gases used in
refrigeration systems, air conditioners,
aerosols, solvents and in the production of some
types of packaging. Nitrogen oxides are a
by-product of fuel burning, e.g. aircraft
exhausts. CFC's don't occur naturally, they are
man-made chemicals. They are very useful when
they are where they are supposed to be, and doing
what they are supposed to be doing. But once
released into the atmosphere they are a serious
pollutants. The actual reactions that destroy
ozone are very complicated. They take place on
the surface of the ice particles of the Polar
Stratospheric Clouds and it takes only a small
amount of CFC to destroy an awful lot of ozone.
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DEPLETION OF OZONE LAYER
ionosphere
mesosphere
stratosphere
troposphere
Depletion of ozone layer
EARTH
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Control of air pollution

• Air pollution can be controlled by
• Periodical checking of industrial machinery
• Periodical checking of automobile engines.
• Industrial zoning i.e., separation of industries
  from cities towns by forests.
• Reduction of smoke at source itself, such as
  installing electrostatic precipitators, etc.,
• By growing more trees

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THANKYOU