Biotechnology

1
Biotechnology

• the use of organisms and biological processes to
  provide food, chemicals and services to meet the
  needs of humans
• also includes the industrial use of recombinant
  DNA, cell fusion, novel bioprocessing techniques,
  and bioremediation

2
1864 Pasteurization

• French chemist -Louis Pasteur
• Developed pasteurization process which uses heat
  to destroy harmful microorganisms in products
• The products are then sealed airtight for safety
• enhanced quality of life, allowing products such
  as milk to be transported without spoiling.

3
1865 Mendel and modern genetics

• Gregor Mendel Austrian monk, botanist and plant
  scientist
• studied the principal of heredity
• Experimenting with garden peas he successfully
  cross-bred traits, color, plant ht and pod size.
• showed that differences such as a ht or color
  could be attributed to the passing of traits and
  genes

4
1953 Discovery of DNA structure

• People didnt know where genes lived until DNA
  (deoxyribonucleic acid) was discovered or
  understood in the early 1950s
• James Watson and Francis Crick discovered the the
  ladder like helix structure called DNA
• DNA was essential to the exploration of
  biotechnology

5
The story of Insulin and Biotechnology

• Your body produces insulin to regulate glucose
  levels.
• Diabetes occurs when the body does not produce
  enough insulin.
• pigs and cows first provided diabetic patients
  with insulin injections
• Scientists did not know the long term effects of
  having animal insulin in your body.

6
The story of Insulin and Biotechnology

• In 1978, Boyer was able to take pieces of human
  DNA and isolate a gene for insulin using
  biotechnology
• This scientific advancement vastly improved
  quality of life for many people living with
  diabetes and guaranteed their safety.

7
1980- Today

• In early 1990s, Hawaiian papaya farmers watched
  as a devastating virus wiped out their crops.
• Papaya ring spot virus ruins fruit and kills
  trees.
• This is one of Hawaii's top crops and brings in
  over 40 million, farmers were strapped for
  solutions.
• Researchers at the University of Hawaii and
  Cornell University developed a virus-resistant
  papaya plant through biotechnology.
• Today after near disaster, the Hawaiian papaya
  industry is thriving through this biotechnology
  innovation.

8
Today

• Advances in biotechnology have allowed farmers to
  benefit from greater productivity and output with
  less cost, effort and economic risk, and a
  reduced burden to the environment
• Biotechnology has enhance the food products you
  see on your table each day, some include
• Healthier, easier- to- cook, tastier foods
• Foods with added health benefits
• Foods that last longer

9
Biotechnology For the World

• Agriculture around the world is challenging
  especially in developing countries where farmers
  face drought, plant diseases, insects and low
  crop yields
• Biotechnology offers a promise for a world
  population expected to reach nearly nine billion
  by 2050
• Biotechnology products have the potential to help
  children around the world who suffer from
  nutritional deficiencies.

10
Medicine and Biotechnology

• Considerable efforts are being devoted to the
  development of vaccines for killer diseases such
  as AIDS
• Monoclonal antibodies will be used to boost the
  bodys defense and guide anti-cancer drugs to
  their target sites.
• Technology may also help to rid the human and
  animal world of a range of parasitic diseases by
  producing specific antibodies to particular
  parasites

11
Medical Biotechnology

• Synthesis of drugs, hormones, and animal health
  products, together with drug-delivery mechanisms,
  are all advancing rapidly
• Enzyme replacement and gene replacement therapy
  are other areas where progress is anticipated
• The next decade will see significant advances in
  medicine, agriculture, and animal health directly
  attributed to biotechnology

12
Growth Potential for Worldwide Biotechnological
Markets by the Year 2000
Market Sector In Millions
Energy 15,392
Foods 11,912
Chemicals 9,936
Health Care (pharmaceuticals) 8,544
Agriculture 8,048
Metal Recovery 4,304
Pollution Control 96
13
Emerging Careers in.Biotechnology

• Biotechnology may be one of the most applied
  sciences of the 21st century
• This science uses living cells and materials
  produced by cells to create pharmaceutical,
  diagnostic, agricultural, environmental, and
  other products to benefit society.
• With the United States as the current world
  leader in the research, development, and
  commercialization of biotechnology products,
  biotechnology offers many exciting career
  opportunities across a multitude of industries.

14
Careers in Biotechnology
Occupation Median Annual Earnings Growth Rate Typical Education
Veterinary Technologist and Technicians 22,900 39 Associate Degree
Technical Writers 50,600 30 Bachelors Degree or Higher
Biological Technicians 32,700 26 Associate degree
Biochemists and Biophysicists 60,400 21 Bachelors degree or Higher
Agricultural and Food science Technicians 28,600 15 Associate Degree
15
Something to thing about..

• With the advances in biotechnology, soon we may
  have designer babies. Is this good or bad? Many
  ethical questions will and have arrived along
  with all this wonderful knowledge.
• If you were pregnant with your first child and
  you could have an amniocentesis would you? If you
  do and find out the infant is going to be grossly
  retarded would you keep the baby or have an
  abortion?
• With knowledge comes much responsibility.
• Think about it.