Sleep Disorders

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Sleep Disorders

• Basics of Sleep
• Stages
• REM and NREM Sleep

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Sleep Disorders

• Two Major Categories
• Dyssomnias
• Problems with Amount, Quality, or Timing of Sleep
• Parasomnias
• Abnormal Behavior During Sleep

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Insomnia

• Persistent inability to fall or stay asleep
• Trouble Initiating Sleep
• Trouble Maintaining Sleep
• Have Nonrestorative Sleep
• Most Common Sleep Disorder
• Primary vs. Secondary

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Insomnia

• Causes?
• Medical Problems
• Stress and Trying to Sleep
• Unrealistic Views About Sleep
• Drug Use and Poor Sleep Hygiene
• Use of Sleep Medications
• Circadian Rhythm Disruption

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Hypersomnia

• Sleeping Too Much
• Excessive Sleepiness
• Appear to Have Enough Sleep
• Person Experiences It as a Problem
• Little Is Known about Causes
• Appears to Run in Families
• Connection to Depression

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Narcolepsy

• Sleep Attack
• Excessive Sleepiness Cataplexy
• Go Right into REM
• Triggered by Strong Emotion

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Sleep Apnea

• Repeatedly Stop Breathing While Asleep
• Evidenced by Snoring and Night Sweats
• Person Often Unaware of Problem
• Types of Sleep Apnea
• Obstructive
• Central
• Mixed

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Medical Interventions for Dyssomnias

• Insomnia
• Benzodiazepines and over-the-counter sleep
  medications
• Prolonged use can cause rebound insomnia,
  dependence
• Best as short-term solution
• Hypersomnia and Narcolepsy
• Stimulants (i.e., Ritalin)
• Cataplexy is usually treated with antidepressants
• Breathing-Related Sleep Disorders
• May include medications, weight loss, or
  mechanical devices

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Psychological Interventions for Dyssomnias

• Cognitive-Behavioral Treatments
• Modifying Timing of Sleep
• Phase Advances and Delays
• Improving Sleep Hygiene
• Bedroom for sleep
• Regular bedtime routine
• Address Beliefs About Sleep
• Stress and Relaxation Training

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Parasomnias

• Problem not with sleep, but events during sleep
• During REM
• Nightmare Disorder
• During NREM
• Sleep Terror Disorder
• Somnabulism
• Nocturnal eating syndrome

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Other Sleep Related Problems

• Hypnagogic Hallucinations
• Sleep Paralysis
• Periodic Limb Movement Disorder
• Restless Leg Syndrome