COOPERATION AND COORDINATION WITH RELEVANT INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS/INITIATIVES AMBASSADOR BONNIE D. JENKINS COORDINATOR FOR THREAT REDUCTION PROGRAMS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE

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COOPERATION AND COORDINATION WITH RELEVANT
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS/INITIATIVES
AMBASSADOR BONNIE D. JENKINSCOORDINATOR FOR
THREAT REDUCTION PROGRAMSU.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE
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Cooperation and Coordination with Relevant
International Organizations/Initiatives

• Nuclear terrorism is a global threat
• It is important to advance a common approach and
  commitment to nuclear security at the highest
  level
• Nations must work together through dedicated
  international organizations and initiatives to
  address the threat
• Many programs and initiatives focused on this
  effort that can benefit from increased
  coordination
• Global efforts need continuous coordination

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Cooperation and Coordination with Relevant
International Organizations/Initiatives

• An underlying goal of the Nuclear Security Summit
  was to come to an agreement on working
  cooperatively on securing nuclear material
  worldwide and prevent illicit nuclear trafficking
• Highlighted recent and future efforts for the
  global community to take to improve the security
  of nuclear materials

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NSS Comments, Communiqué and Work Plan
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U.S. Statement at the Nuclear Summit

• The U.S. noted that by working with existing
  legal and multilateral nuclear security
  frameworks, U.S. nuclear security cooperative
  activities help states worldwide meet their
  security obligations

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Comments at NSS

• Cooperation on nuclear security is one of the
  most effective ways the international community
  can respond to the threat of nuclear terrorism
• Enhanced international and regional cooperation
  is the way forward to combat the proliferation of
  WMD and their related systems
• We should work together through international
  frameworks to promote global nuclear security and
  combat nuclear terrorism

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Communiqué

• Participating States will work together, as
  appropriate, to ensure that nuclear security
  cooperation mechanisms are complementary,
  reinforcing, efficient, consistent with related
  IAEA activities, and appropriately matched to
  indentified needs in those States requesting
  assistance

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Communiqué

• Success will require responsible national
  actions and sustained and effective international
  cooperation
• Call on States to work cooperatively as an
  international community to advance nuclear
  security
• Maintaining effective nuclear security will
  require continuous national efforts facilitated
  by international cooperation.
• We will promote the strengthening of global
  nuclear security through dialogue and cooperation
  with all states

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Cooperation and Coordination with Relevant
International Organizations/Initiatives

• Communiqué Reference to the Work Plan
• We issue the Work Plan as guidance for national
  and international action including through
  cooperation within the context of relevant
  international fora and organizations

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Cooperation and Coordination with Relevant
International Organizations/Initiatives

• The Work Plan lays out a number of nuclear
  security related international organizations and
  initiatives that play an important role in
  nuclear security
• Recognizes that securing nuclear material
  encompass a number of different initiatives,
  activities and organizations
• Outlines comprehensively relevant international
  organizations and initiatives in the area of
  nuclear security
• Need to actively find ways to coordinate at each
  opportunity

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Cooperation and Coordination with Relevant
International Organizations/Initiatives

• Four-year global effort to secure vulnerable
  nuclear material
• Encompasses the many programs and activities that
  fundamentally seek to prevent the chances of
  terrorists from obtaining nuclear material
• Securing material at the source, converting
  reactors, and removing nuclear material
• Must also bolster our ability to detect smuggled
  material, recover lost material, identify the
  materials origin, and prosecute those who are
  trading in these materials
• Nuclear security is a perpetual commitment,
  requiring ongoing vigilance as threats change,
  equipment wears out, and technologies advance
• Continued efforts by the international community
  will be required

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International organizations and Initiatives

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Cooperation and Coordination with Relevant
International Organizations/Initiatives

• Relevant IOs/Initiatives
• International Agreements
• International Atomic Energy Agency
• United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1887
  and 1540
• Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism
  (GICNT)
• G8 Global Partnership (GP)
• Global Threat Reduction Initiative
• Non-governmental Organizations and Industry
  activities and initiatives

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International Atomic Energy Agency

• Communiqué
• Reaffirmed the role of the IAEA in the
  international nuclear security framework and will
  work to ensure that it continues to have the
  appropriate structure, resources and expertise
  needed to carry out its mandated nuclear security
  activities.

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Cooperation and Coordination with Relevant
International Organizations/Initiatives

• The IAEA manages and implements a number of
  activities and programs designed to assist Member
  States with securing nuclear and radiological
  materials, responding to nuclear and radiological
  incidents, and, more generally, enhancing their
  nuclear security frameworks.
• IAEA has a unique role in the global nuclear
  security regime.
• The IAEAs involvement in nuclear security issues
  is wide-ranging and significant.

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Cooperation and Coordination with Relevant
International Organizations/Initiatives

• IAEAs International Physical Protection Advisory
  Service (IPPAS)
• Assists Member States in strengthening their
  national nuclear security systems.
• A team of international experts examine the
  States system of physical protection, compare it
  against international best practices, and make
  recommendations for improvements.

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Cooperation and Coordination with Relevant
International Organizations/Initiatives

• IAEA Nuclear Security Plan
• IAEA Nuclear Security Series
• IAEA Information Circular 225

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United Nations

• Communiqué
• Recognize the role and contributions of the
  United Nations
• Work Plan
• Noting the need to fully implement UNSCR 1540
  in particular as it relates to nuclear material
• U.S. Statement at the NSS
• At the United Nations, we unanimously passed
  UNSCR 1887 endorsing the goal of securing all
  nuclear materials

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UNSCR 1887Relevant Provisions

• Expressing its support for the convening of the
  2010 Global
• Summit on Nuclear Security,
• Affirming its support for the Convention on the
  Physical
• Protection of Nuclear Material and its 2005
  Amendment, and the
• Convention for the Suppression of Acts of
  Nuclear Terrorism,
• Recognizing the progress made by the Global
  Initiative to Combat
• Nuclear Terrorism, and the G-8 Global
  Partnership
• Calls upon Member States to share best practices
  with a view to improved
• safety standards and nuclear security practices
  and raise standards of
• nuclear security to reduce the risk of nuclear
  terrorism, with the aim of
• securing all vulnerable nuclear material
  from such risks within four years

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UNSCR 1540Three Primary Obligations

• To refrain from providing support to non-State
  actors seeking WMD, under UN Chapter VII
• First formal decision taken by the Security
  Council to address the proliferation of weapons
  of mass destruction as a threat to international
  peace and security
• To prohibit non-State actors from engaging in
  specified activities relating to WMD, including
  the acquisition and use, attempted acquisition
  and use, and the financing of the acquisition and
  use of such items.
• To take and enforce effective measures to
  establish domestic controls to prevent the
  proliferation of WMD, including by establishing
  appropriate controls over related materials.

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UNSCR 1540

• UNSCR 1540 does not alter the rights and
  obligations of state parties to other treaties
  and regimes.
• Provides a flexible system that responds to
  assistance requests and coordinates with other
  governments on technical assistance to enable
  recipients to meet their 1540 obligations
• Works in coordination with other programs.
• 1540 sets out obligations for States, and States
  have discretion on how to implement their
  obligations.

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Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism
(GICNT)

• Communiqué
• Recognize the role and contributions of the
  Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism
• Work plan
• Participating States encourageexpanded
  participation in and commitment to international
  initiatives and voluntary cooperative mechanisms
  aimed at improving nuclear security and
  preventing nuclear terrorism.

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Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism
(GICNT)

• International partnership of 82 nations and 4
  observers that works to strengthen global
  capacity to prevent, detect, and respond to
  nuclear terrorism.
• Co-Chaired by the U.S. and Russia.
• Shares best practices and facilitates
  coordination with pre-existing efforts to assist
  partners in strengthening their nuclear security
  capacities.
• Conducts multilateral activities that strengthen
  the plans, policies, procedures, and
  interoperability of partner nations.
• Partners make a political commitment to implement
  the Statement of Principles on a voluntary basis.

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Introduction of GICNTs Implementation and
Assessment Group (AIG)

• The AIG is an informal advisory body of partners
  which, upon direction of the GICNT Plenary,
  coordinates activities and works to create
  practical products that aid partners in
  implementing the Statement of Principles
• In June of 2010, Spain was endorsed as the first
  AIG Coordinator
• Oversees working groups focused on developing
  products related to key GICNT functional areas
  such as nuclear detection and nuclear forensics
• All products are shared via a secure online
  web-portal accessible only to GICNT partners

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G8 Global Partnership

• Communiqué
• Recognize the role and contributions of the
  G8-led Global Partnership
• Work Plan
• Participating States welcome the intent of the
  G-8 Global Partnershipto undertake additional
  programming to enhance nuclear security

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G8 Global Partnership

• Mission To keep WMD out of the hands of
  terrorists or states that support them.
• Pledge of 20 billion (2002 2010) from 23
  partners.
• More than 18 billion allocated to date.
• Primary multilateral commitment to finance,
  implement, and coordinate WMD threat reduction
  activities globally.
• Initial focus on Russia/FSU but now global focus
• Annual Annex

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G8 Global Partnership

• Successes
• Improved accounting, control, and physical
  protection of nuclear and radiological materials.
• Enhanced nuclear, biological, and chemical
  security.
• Dismantled nuclear submarines and safe storage of
  removed spent fuel.
• Improved detection of nuclear and radiological
  materials and prevented illicit trafficking by
  improving border security capabilities.
• Engaged and redirected to peaceful purposes
  scientists, technicians, and engineers who have
  WMD, missile, and related expertise.

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G8 Global Partnership

• Muskoka Summit (2010) G8 leaders
• Asked senior experts to evaluate results to date.
• Asked senior experts to develop options for
  programming and financing beyond 2012 focusing
  on
• Nuclear and radiological security.
• Biosecurity.
• Scientist engagement.
• Facilitating implementation of UNSCR 1540.
• Reiterated interest in the potential
  participation of additional countries.

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Cooperation and Coordination with Relevant
International Organizations/Initiatives

• Non-governmental bodies
• Nongovernmental organizations, nuclear industry,
  private sector and other stakeholders play an
  important role in the global effort to secure
  nuclear material
• Communiqué
• Recognize the continuing role of nuclear
  industry, including the private sector, in
  nuclear security and will work with industry to
  ensure the necessary priority of physical
  protection, material accountancy, and security
  culture

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Cooperation and Coordination with Relevant
International Organizations/Initiatives

• Work Plan
• Participating States will promote cooperation,
  as appropriate, among international
  organizations, governments, other stakeholders,
  and academia for effective capacity building.

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Cooperation and Coordination with Relevant
International Organizations/Initiatives

• World Institute for Nuclear Security.
• Goal help improve security of nuclear and high
  hazard radioactive materials so that they are
  secure from unauthorized access, theft, sabotage
  and diversion and cannot be utilized for
  terrorist or other nefarious purposes.
• Provides an international forum for those
  accountable for nuclear security to share and
  promote the implementation of best security
  practices.
• Produces international best practices guides,
  hosts workshops, and produces a number of other
  related publications.

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Cooperation and Coordination with Relevant
International Organizations/Initiatives

• The international NGO community hosted an event
  on the first day of the Nuclear Security Summit
  to raise awareness of the importance of nuclear
  security among the NGO community
• The day following the Nuclear Summit, the
  international nuclear industry representatives
  met to discuss issues related to nuclear security
  and the special role they play in these issues.

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Additional Relevant Initiatives Include

• Capacity building for nuclear security and
  cooperation
• Promotion of a nuclear security culture through
  technology development, human resource
  development, education, engagement and training
• Cooperation to prevent and respond to incidents
  of illicit nuclear trafficking
• Sharing of information and expertise on nuclear
  detection, forensics, law enforcement

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Additional Relevant Initiatives Include

• Regional organizations
• Centers of Excellence and Regional Training
  Centers
• Export controls and border security
• Global Threat Reduction Initiative

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Next Steps and Conclusion
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Coordination Mechanisms

• Initiatives themselves provide coordination
• International organizations provide coordination
  mechanisms
• Need to strengthen and solidify existing
  coordination efforts
• Work Plan provides a mechanism for coordination
• Future NSS meetings a venue to continue
  discussions on this topic

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Cooperation and Coordination A Continuous Effort

• Need to continually address challenges of
  cooperation and coordination
• How does the work of the IOs and the initiatives
  work together to achieve the larger goal of
  nuclear security
• What are the viable existing mechanisms that can
  be used to help promote coordination and
  cooperation
• How to we emphasize the strengths of particular
  organizations or initiatives to minimize
  redundancies
• How do we incorporate the work of organizations
  outside the government into government efforts

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Conclusions

• WMD proliferation and terrorism is a global
  threat
• International cooperation is imperative
• Important to work through and with international
  organizations and engage in international
  initiatives
• Requires a multi-disciplinary approach
  encompassing many activities that must be
  sustained
• Enhanced coordination and implementation will
  improve outcomes.

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Thank You