The Role of Blood Donation in Healthcare Presented by Peter Hudson Clinical Specialist in Blood Transfusion

1
The Role of Blood Donation in Healthcare
Presented by Peter Hudson Clinical Specialist
in Blood Transfusion
2
WHERE DO WE GET OUR BLOOD SUPPLIES FROM?

• UK sourced from voluntary unpaid donors

• Collected and processed by the National Blood
  Service

3
WHY GIVE BLOOD?

• Over 35,000 donations weekly
• - 1.4 million donors
• - Only 4 of people give blood

• 10-15 donor loss per year
• Donors dont give every time
• Constantly topping-up

4
WHO ARE THE NATIONAL BLOOD SERVICE?

• Part of the National Health Service

• Provide blood and blood products to hospitals

5
A BRIEF HISTORY OF BLOOD DONATION

• 1666 First successful blood transfusion

• 1900 Four Human blood types discovered

• 1946 National Blood Service Launched

6
SO WHAT EXACTLY IS BLOOD?

• Transfers oxygen from the lungs

• Communication System within body

• Average person has 5 litres of blood

7
COMPONENTS AND THEIR ROLES

• Red Cells
• - Distribute oxygen and nutrients
• - Contain haemoglobin

• White Cells
• - Fight infection
• - Several different types

8
COMPONENTS AND THEIR ROLES

• Platelets
• - Form a plug to stop bleeding
• - 5 day shelf-life

• Plasma
• - Carries other blood cells
• - Carries Albumin and Factor Viii

9
BLOOD TYPES

• A, B, AB and O

• Antigens
• A and B antigens
• Rh Antigen

10
BLOOD TYPES
11
BLOOD AROUND THE WORLD

• Prevalence varies across the world
• - B more common in South Asian people than
  Westerners
• - Anthropology

• Some blood conditions are more common in
• - Sickle Cell Anaemia and Thalassemia
• - Events of the past, e.g. plague

different communities
12
WHO NEEDS BLOOD?

• How many units get used?
• - Open heart surgery 2-8 red cell units, 6
  platelet units
• - Car accident 4-40 red cell units

13
RECIPIENT STORIES
BROOKE CORNWELL

• 2 years old has received 27 units of blood

• Has Diamond Blackfan Anaemia

• Needs blood every month to live

14
RECIPIENT STORIES
LUKE CRAIG

• Involved in a horrific car crash

• Internal bleeding and tear in his heart

• Emergency operation 24 units of blood

15
RECIPIENT STORIES
MIKE AUSTIN

• Severe motorbike accident

• Leg destroyed artery damaged

• Received 33 units of blood

16
RECIPIENT STORIES
AWELE NWOSU-AKEH

• 17 year old with Sickle Cell Anaemia

• Receives blood every 4 weeks

• Blood allows her to have a normal life

17
RECIPIENT STORIES
KEIRA

• Kostmanns syndrome

• Bowel removed

• 9 units of red cells and 7 of platelets

18
RECIPIENT STORIES
NISA HEYS

• Has Thalassaemia Major

• Has transfusions every 3 weeks

• Received over 1300 units of blood so far

19
CAN YOU DONATE?

• You must be aged between 17-65 to donate for the
  first time

• Most common criteria we check are-
• Tattoos
• Piercings
• Travel
• Medication

• You will always be asked to fill out a Donor
  Health Check questionnaire

20
CAN YOU DONATE? (MYTHS)
21
THE DONATION PROCESS
Making the call
Fill out the questionnaire
Arrive at session
The donation
Aftercare
22
DONOR ETHNICITY
B
25 of the South Asian ethnic population are
blood group B and only 9 of Western Europeans
share this group
23
DONOR ETHNICITY (cont)

• We need to build the British Bone Marrow Registry

• Some tissue types are specific to certain ethnic
  groups of the population

• The notion of blood donation does not enter
  personal and social spheres

24
WHAT HAPPENS TO THE BLOOD?

• Kept cool then collected

• Typed and tested

• Components Separated

• Banked and ready to go!

25
WHAT IS THE BLOOD TESTED FOR?
VIRUSES HIV 1 and 2 Hepatitis B Virus
(HBV) Hepatitis C Virus (HBC) HTLV (Human T-
cell Leukaemia Virus) Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

26
THEY DONT JUST COLLECT BLOOD

• Bone Marrow

• Organs

• Cord Blood

• Tissue

27
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING Any Questions?