Populism and Jim Crow

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PopulismandJim Crow
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The Wizard of Oz, 1939
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The Wizard of Oz, Frank Baum (1900) - an allegory
of the silver standard debate?
Yellow brick road gold standard Magical silver
slippers (ruby slippers in movie) silver
standard Political coalition Scarecrow
farmers Tin Woodman workers Cowardly Lion
politicians Wizard the President Oz
Washington, DC Munchkins the People Wicked
Witch of the West the corporation or Trust
(enemy of the People)
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Outline for Today

• 1. Agrarian Protest
• 2. Role of Labor and Womens Movements
• 3. Jim Crow Laws and Violence
• 4. Response of Black Leaders

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A Populist family from Nebraska
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Which Will Win? New York Graphic, 1973
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Cartoon about Populist unity
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1896 Republical Party anti-silver standard poster
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William Jennings Bryan Swallowing the Democratic
Party, Judge, 1896
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William Jennings Bryans Cross of Gold speech
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Election map of 1896 - republican candidate,
William McKinley wins
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Samuel Gompers, founder and president of the
American Federation of Labor
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Mary Elizabeth Lease, Speech, 1890
speaks to an audience of women Speech to the
Womans Christian Temperance Unionequality
there is no difference between the brain of an
intelligent woman and the brain of an intelligent
man. participation The doors of the
Farmers Alliance were thrown open wide to women
of the land. we find at the present time upward
of a half-million women in the Alliance
political power to these women, unknown
and uncrowned, belongs the honor of defeating for
reelection to the United States Senate of a man
who argued that a woman could not and should
not vote because she was a woman.addresses
white demands only as grand Senator William
Morris Stewart of Nevada puts it, For twenty
years the market value of the dollar has gone up
and the market value of labor has gone down, till
to-day the American laborer, in bitterness and
wrath, asks which is the worstthe black slavery
that has gone or the white slavery that has come?
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Editorial cartoon on Plessy v. Ferguson
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Jim Crow, a minstrel theater character used to
name the practice of segregation
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Separate water fountains and coolers, 1939
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Separate movie theater entrance, 1939
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Violence as instrument of social control
Slave whippings (Barrow plantation) 0.7 per
black per year Every 4,5 days - a slave saw one
of their number whipped
Lynchings (155 in 1893s) 0.00002 per black per
year Consider word of mouth, newspapers, and
postcards
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Lynching postcard
http//www.withoutsanctuary.org/main.html
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Booker T. Washington
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Booker T. Washingtons Atlanta Compromise Speech
A ship lost at sea for many days suddenly sighted
a friendly vessel. From the mast of the
unfortunate vessel was seen a signal Water,
water. We die of thirst. The answer from the
friendly vessel at once came back Cast down
your bucket where you are. A second time, the
signal, Water, send us water! went up from the
distressed vessel. And was answered Cast down
your bucket where you are. A third and fourth
signal for water was answered Cast down your
bucket where you are. The captain of the
distressed vessel, at last heeding the
injunction, cast down his bucket and it came up
full of fresh, sparkling water from the mouth of
the Amazon River. To those of my race who depend
on bettering their condition in a foreign land,
or who underestimate the importance of
preservating friendly relations with the southern
white man who is their next door neighbor, I
would say Cast down your bucket where you are.
Cast it down, making friends in every manly way
of the people of all races, by whom you are
surrounded.
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W. E. B. DuBois
Of Mr. Booker T. Washington and Others,
1903 The other class of Negroes who cannot agree
with Mr. Washington feel in conscience bound to
ask of this nation three things. 1. The right to
vote. 2 Civic equality. 3 The education of
youth according to ability.
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Populism and Jim Crow Timeline
1874 Womens Christian Temperance Union
established 1883 Supreme Court the Civil Rights
Act does not apply to individuals 1890 The
Mississippi Plan and the Purity Clause 1892
Populist Party organized 1895 Booker T.
Washingtons Atlanta Compromise speech 1896
Plessy v. Ferguson 1896 William McKinley wins
presidential election 1898 Louisianas
Grandfather Clause 1900 Gold Standard Act 1900
Frank Baums The Wizard of Oz 1903 W.E.B. DuBois
responds to Booker T. Washington Themes 1.
Agrarian Protest 2. Role of Labor and Womens
Movements 3. Jim Crow Laws and Violence 4.
Response of Black Leaders
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Imperialism
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Bush on Iraq and the Philippines

President George W. Bush ''Some say the culture
of the Middle East will not sustain the
institutions of democracy. The same doubts were
once expressed about the culture of Asia. Those
doubts were proven wrong nearly six decades ago.
(October 2003) New York Times, October 19,
2003 In an eight-hour visit, Mr. Bush for the
first time drew explicit comparisons between the
transition he is seeking in Iraq and the rough
road to democracy that the Philippines traveled
from the time the United States seized it from
Spain in 1898 to the present day While the
administration often speaks of the occupations of
Japan and Germany after World War II as rough
models for the effort to rebuild Iraq, Mr. Bush
used the visit here to make a less explicit
analogy to the American administration of the
Philippines, which also led to the formation of a
democracy. But the comparison has less power to
reassure, given that the Philippine government
did not gain full autonomy for five decades.
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U.S. Military Base in Guantánamo Bay, Cuba

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Outline for Today

• 1. Reasons of Expansion
• 2. War in the Caribbean and the Pacific
• 3. Occupation and Social Darwinism
• 4. Anti-Imperialism

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1. Reasons of Expansion
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Reasons for expansion

• 1. Official liberate Cuba and the Philippines
• 2. Fear of competition with Europe
• 3. Need for new markets and sources for raw
  materials
• 4. Need for military bases

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USS Maine in Havana, 1898
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Wreck of the battleship Maine in Havana harbor,
March 17-April 1, 1898
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William Randolph Hearst newspapers promoted
Spanish-American War, 1898
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Hearst and Pulitzer make war
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2. War in the Caribbean and the Pacific
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Spanish-American War The Caribbean, 1898
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Spanish-American War The Pacific, 1898
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Territories acquired in 1898
The Philippines achieved independence in
1946Hawaii traditional territory, admitted as
a state in 1959Guam unincorporated
territory, administered by US Navy until
1950Puerto Rico Commonwealth, US citizenship
extended in 1917 but cannot elect US Presidents
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3. Occupation and Social Darwinism
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Colonel Theodore Roosevelt
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Teddy Roosevelts Rough Riders, photo
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Teddy Roosevelts Rough Riders, drawing depicts
no black troops
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Colored Troops Disembarking, 1898 (actual footage)
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Rudyard Kiplings The White Mans Burden
Take up the White Man's burden-- Send
forth the best ye breed-- Go, bind your sons
to exile To serve your captives' need
To wait, in heavy harness, On
fluttered folk and wild-- Your new-caught
sullen peoples, Half devil and half
child. Take up the White Man's burden!
Have done with childish days-- The
lightly-proffered laurel, The easy
ungrudged praise Comes now, to search your
manhood Through all the thankless
years, Cold, edged with dear-bought wisdom,
The judgment of your peers.
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The White Mans Burden, Judge, 1890s
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President William McKinley civilizing Filipinos
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Filipino casualties on the first day of
Philippine-American War
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Advance of Kansas Volunteers at Caloocan, 1899
(reenacted by New Jersey National Guard)
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4. Anti-Imperialism
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Co-founders of the Anti-Imperialist League
Andrew Carnegie, steel magnate
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Co-founders of the Anti-Imperialist League
Grover Cleveland, former president
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Co-founders of the Anti-Imperialist League
Samuel Gompers, president of the American
Federation of Labor
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Co-founders of the Anti-Imperialist League Ida
B. Wells-Barnett, anti-lynching reformer and
co-founder of the National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People (NAACP, founded in
1909)
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Co-founders of the Anti-Imperialist League Jane
Addams, founder of the Hull House, co-founder of
the NAACP
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Mark Twain, the Leagues Vice-President in
1901-1910, as a savage, Minneapolis Journal
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Occupation as an educational project
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U.S. Presidents, 1877-Present
Rutherford B. Hayes, 1877-1881 James Garfield,
1881 Chester Arthur, 1881-1885 Grover Cleveland,
1885-1889 Benjamin Harrison, 1889-1893 Grover
Cleveland, 1893-1897 William McKinley,
1897-1901 Theodore Roosevelt, 1901-1909 William
H. Taft, 1909-1913 Woodrow Wilson,
1913-1921 Warren Harding, 1921-1923 Calvin
Coolidge, 1923-1929 Herbert Hoover, 1929-1933
Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1933-1945 Harry Truman,
1945-1953 Dwight Eisenhower, 1953-1961 John F.
Kennedy, 1961-1963 Lyndon Johnson,
1963-1969 Richard Nixon, 1969-1974 Gerald Ford,
1974-77 Jimmy Carter, 1977-1981 Ronald Reagan,
1981-1989 George H.W. Bush, 1989-1993 William J.
Clinton, 1993-2001 George W. Bush,
2001-2009 Barak Obama, 2009-present