Life Span Development

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Life Span Development
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Prenatal - Development
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Genetics in Brief
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Very Beginning

• At conception, you were a cell no bigger than a
  period. In this cell contained your blueprint.
  Your genetic make-up

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The Genetic Makeup of One Cell
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Chromosomes

• Are the blueprint to you
• Threadlike structures made up of DNA chemical
  basis of heredity
• 46 in each cell
• 23 received from each parent

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Chromosomes
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Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

• A complex molecule
• Contains the genetic information of each
  chromosome
• Each gene has information like eye color, hair
  color, height, handedness

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Conception to BirthPrenatal Development
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What are the three times in a womans life when
she cant get pregnant?

• Before puberty
• After menopause
• And when she is pregnant (if she gets pregnant
  with another SHE IS STILL PREGNANT)
• ANY OTHER TIME A WOMAN IS FERTILE

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Prenatal Development

• Prenatal defined as before birth
• Prenatal stage begins at conception and ends with
  the birth of the child.

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From conception to the first year

• 3 stages of prenatal development
• Zygote period first 2 weeks
• Embryonic period 2 weeks to 8 weeks
• Fetal period 8 weeks to birth

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• Ovulate

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• 350 Million Sperm

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• Uterus

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Zygote

• A newly fertilized egg
• The first two weeks are a period of rapid cell
  division.
• the cells start specialize in function

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Zygote cont.

• After 10 days zygote attaches to the mothers
  uterine wall TRANSITIONS TO THE EMBRYO STAGE
• It stays there for approximately the next 37 weeks

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5 Days old
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Prenatal Development
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Discussion

• What exactly is conception?
• What is a zygote?
• How long does the zygote stage last?

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Embryo

• 14 days until the end of the eight week
• Most of the major organs are formed during this
  time.
• Heartbeat, Red Blood Cells

Embryo 45 Days
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4 Weeks
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Prenatal Development 2 months
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STOP WRITING

• Please stand up
• Jump 5 times
• Pick your own partner a different person this
  time please
• Lets discuss

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Discussion

• What is conception?
• What is a zygote?
• After the Zygote stage, what is the next stage?
• What are the main characteristics of the
  embryonic stage

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• Make its first movements

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Fetal Period

• The period between the beginning of the ninth
  week until birth

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From conception to the first year

• Fetal stage the 9th week on
• Unmistakably human in form
• further development of organs and systems
  marked increase in nervous system development and
  brain weight

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9 Weeks
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18 Weeks
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24 Weeks
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30 Weeks
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35 Weeks
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Time to Process!!!!!
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Discussion

• What is a zygote?
• What are the characteristics of embryos?
• What are fetuses?

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• Umbilical Cord

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• Problems that can occur
• Harmful influences that can cross the placenta
  barrier
• Called teratogens-include German measles,
  radiation, toxic chemicals, sexually transmitted
  diseases, cigarette smoking, heavy alcohol
  consumption, prescription and nonprescription
  drugs.

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Teratogens

• Substances that pass through the placentas
  screen and prevent the fetus from developing
  normally
• Includes radiation, toxic chemicals, viruses,
  drugs, alcohol, nicotine, etc.

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• STOP Drinking and taking drugs, even
  over-the-counter medication

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These children were born addicted to cocaine
This child was left by her cocaine addicted mother
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Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

• A series of physical and cognitive abnormalities
  in children due to their mother drinking large
  amounts of alcohol during pregnancy

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Smoking and Birth Weight
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Are humans completely helpless at Birth?
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From conception to the first year

• Newborns are able to see, but are nearsighted
• 20/500 legally blind.
• -prefer faces over other stimuli in the
  environment.

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The Beginnings of Life The Newborn
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Rooting Reflex

• Infants tendency, when touched on the cheek, to
  move their face in the direction of the touch and
  open their mouth
• Is an automatic, unlearned response
• Child is looking for nourishment.

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Reflexes in the Newborn

• Sucking Swallowing
• Allow for food to be received at birth
• Grasping
• Stepping

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Temperament

• A persons characteristic emotional reactivity
  and intensity

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Temperament

• A babys temperament is apparent after just a few
  hours of birth
• easy babies eat and sleep regularly
• difficult unpredictable, intense, irritable

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• Newborns are able to see, but are nearsighted.
• -prefer faces over other stimuli in the
  environment.
• Prefer the sounds of their parents voices over
  others

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Physical Development in Infancy and Childhood
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Infant, Toddler, Child

• Infant First year
• Toddler From about 1 year to 3 years of age
• Child Span between toddler and teen

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Neural Development
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Maturation

• Biological growth processes that enable orderly
  changes in behavior

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Motor Development

• Includes all physical skills and muscular
  coordination
• When did you first roll over, sit up, walk, ride
  a bike???

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Motor Development
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Social Development in Infancy and Childhood
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Stranger Anxiety

• The fear of strangers an infant displays around 8
  months of age
• Lasts until approx. 2 1/2

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Attachment

• An emotional tie with another person resulting in
  seeking closeness
• Children develop strong attachments to their
  parents and caregivers.
• Body contact, familiarity, and responsiveness all
  contribute to attachment.

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• Factors affecting attachment
• -Neglect, abuse, and deprivation adversely affect
  attachment, however, differences in normal
  child-rearing practices have no affect

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• Daycare does not affect attachment
• Temperament, chronic stress, and rejection can
  affect attachment
• Cultural expectations can also play a role

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Familiarity

• Sense of contentment with that which is already
  known
• Infants are familiar with their parents and
  caregivers.

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Imprinting and Critical Period

• A process by which certain animals, early in
  life, form attachments
• The imprinted behavior develops within a critical
  period--an optimal period when the organisms
  exposure to certain stimuli produce the imprinted
  behavior.

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Responsiveness

• Responsive parents are aware of what their
  children are doing.
• Unresponsive parents ignore their
  children--helping only when they want to.

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Securely or Insecurely Attached

• Securely attached children will explore their
  environment when primary caregiver is present
• Insecurely attached children will appear
  distressed and cry when caregiver leaves. Will
  cling to them when they return

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Harry Harlow

• Did research with infant monkeys on how body
  contact relates to attachment
• The monkeys had to chose between a cloth mother
  or a wire mother that provided food.

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• The monkeys spent most of their time by the cloth
  mother.

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Effects of Attachment

• Secure attachment predicts social competence.
• Deprivation of attachment is linked to negative
  outcome.
• A responsive environment helps most infants
  recover from attachment disruption.