CHEMICAL AND RADIOLOGICAL SUBSYSTEMS FOR INTEGRATED CRISIS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR WARSAW AGGLOMERATION

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CHEMICAL AND RADIOLOGICAL SUBSYSTEMS FOR
INTEGRATED CRISIS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR WARSAW
AGGLOMERATION

• M. Borysiewicz, S. Potempski
• Institute of Atomic Energy,
• CoE MANHAZ, Poland

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Contents

• Design of Emergency Response Planning and Rescue
  Operations Support System for Urban Areas
• Chemical and radiological subsystems
• Conclusions

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Emergency Response Planning and Rescue Operations
Support System for Urban Areas (ERPROS)

• Final product integrated system with various
  sources of information, different possible
  consequences of various types of hazards
  (biological, radiological and toxic release,
  explosions, fires, urban infrastructure, natural
  hazards, etc.) and different responsibilities of
  urban services (fire brigades, police, medical
  service etc.)
• Consortium of 15 institutions established
• Military University of Technology coordinator
• Cooperation with Warsaw Emergency Center
• CoE MANHAZ, IAE responsible for chemical and
  radiological modules

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Emergency Response Planning and Rescue Operations
Support System for Urban Areas (ERPROS)
objectives

• To build the system that
• determines emergency zones based on simulations
  of the dispersal of hazardous nuclear,
  biological, and chemical materials released to
  the atmosphere and water bodies in urban areas,
• provides essential information on required
  resources, such as search and rescue teams,
  equipment, medical assistance, food, evacuation
  and shelter, needed in case of emergency
  situation,
• has access to all the necessary databases and
  GIS-based information, which can be distributed
  geographically among different urban services,
• enables co-ordination of emergency action in
  real-time based on reliable system for
  information exchange and interoperability
  capabilities among different systems

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Main elements of the ERPROS system

• knowledge database where templates of crisis
  situations and different variants of possible
  activities and tasks for rescue teams and urban
  services are stored,
• monitoring systems, in particular early warning
  systems (EWS),
• databases where up to date information on all the
  important elements of agglomeration
  infrastructure is stored,
• databases on available resources relevant to
  emergency situation,
• graphic user interface and visualization
  subsystem,
• functional modules to support the management the
  crisis situations

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Main modules of ERPROS system

• assessment of current status of safety features
  in agglomeration and prognosis of possibility of
  emergency situation
• identification of crisis situation, based on
  prepared and stored in databases templates
• support of decision making
• tasks for rescue teams and activities of urban
  services, etc.

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Infrastructure databases

• possible sources of hazards (plants, storing
  facilities, transportation system)
• status of urban infrastructures (energy supply,
  pipelines, potable water, critical infrastructure
  elements, monitoring systems, etc.)
• urban services acting in case of crisis
  situations (fire brigades, police, medical
  facilities)
• GIS-type information (population, special
  locations, tec.)

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Tools needed for each type of hazard

• simulation module to make prognosis of the
  situation
• database of scenarios
• security vulnerability analysis
• definition of decision templates and tasks for
  any rescue teams and urban services
• This leads to KNOWLEDGE DATABASE

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ERPROS modules of chemical subsystem

• simulation modules for determining emergency
  zones and assessment of consequences of releases
  of chemical substances
• module for assessment of consequences in case of
  acts of terror
• module assessment of consequences for surface
  water and potable water distribution system
• module assessment of consequences for waste and
  utilization facilities
• module for dispersion of pollutants in street
  canyons
• module for simulation of wind fields in local
  scale (street canyons)

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ERPROS modules of chemical subsystem

• dedicated numerical weather forecast for urban
  agglomeration
• central module for preparation and updating
  databases related to chemical emergencies in
  urban agglomeration
• module for integration of models and databases
  related to chemical threats
• information databases on stationary installations
  
• information databases on transportation of
  hazardous substances in urban agglomeration
• physical-chemical databases of dangerous
  substances
• links to geographical information system and
  external databases
• interface to early warning monitoring systems

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ERPROS implementation of chemical subsystem

• databases of physical-chemical substances
• intervention levels linked to substances database
  
• basic scenarios for selected substances or groups
  of substances depending on the type of release,
  storing and transportation conditions
• adaptive part of scenario depending on
  meteorological conditions and localization of
  source of release
• emergency simulator
• simulation results presented on digital maps

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ERPROS tools for implementation of chemical
subsystem

• Unified Model for Pollutant Dispersion in
  Atmosphere (UPDMA) developed as a part of SWAR
  system (Emergency Planning and Response System
  for Chemical Process Plant)
• Hazard Prediction and Assessment Capability
  (HPAC)
• CFD calculations using FLUENT code

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UMPDA Unified Model of Pollutant Dispersion in
Atmosphere (1)

• Main features
• unified approach to modelling of pollutant
  dispersion in atmosphere
• ground-level or elevated two-phase pressurised or
  un-pressurised releases
• continuous and instantaneous releases
• modification of approach used in the PHAST
  program

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UMPDA Unified Model of Pollutant Dispersion in
Atmosphere (2)

• Consists of linked modules
• jet dispersion
• droplet evaporation and rainout, touchdown
• pool spread and vaporisation
• heavy gas dispersion
• passive dispersion

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UMPDA Unified Model of Pollutant Dispersion in
Atmosphere (3)

• Some features
• effects of droplet vaporisation included using a
  non-equilibrium model
• vapour is added back into the plume
• vertical variation in ambient wind speed,
  temperature and pressure is possible
• possible plume lift-off, where a grounded cloud
  becomes buoyant and rises into the air
• model coefficients obtained directly from
  established data in the literature (based on
  wind-tunnel experiments)

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Two-phase release with droplets and evaporating
liquid pool
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UMPDA Unified Model of Pollutant Dispersion in
Atmosphere (4)

• Discharge modelling consists of the following
  steps
• Establishing the initial storage conditions and
  type of release (flashing/nonflashing,
  liquid/vapour/two-phase)
• Establishing the mass flow rate and choke
  conditions
• Expansion from choke conditions to atmospheric
  pressure
• Calculation of droplet size (for flashing or
  nonflashing liquid)
• Discharge calculation

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All objects within the zone can be automatically
marked and report on the objects can be
displayed.
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ERPROS radiological subsystem

• Link to Real-time On-line Decision Support
  System (RODOS) installed in CEZAR (Radiation
  Emergency Center of the National Atomic Energy
  Agency)
• RODOS all phases of emergency situation covered
  (pre-release to late phase)
• RODOS short- and long-term countermeasures
  considered (evacuation, sheltering, distribution
  of iodine, decontamination, agriculture effects)
• Special modules of RODOS system (dirty bombs)

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ERPROS radiological subsystem

• Analogous concept as for chemical hazards
• security vulnerability analysis
• basic pre-defined scenarios
• adaptive part
• templates for decision making process and tasks
  for emergency teams
• building knowledge database
• Tools RODOS and Hazard Prediction and Assessment
  Capability (HPAC)

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ERPROS current staus

• Design phase finished in 2007
• Implementation started
• Creation of system databases
• GUI
• Central management module
• GIS
• Last phase on-line connections, verification and
  testing

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ERPROS - conclusions

• Command and control system but
• large databases containing pre-defined scenarios,
  templates for emergency teams
• logical diagrams (for chains scenario?simulation?
  actions?countermeasures)
• formal logic programming techniques (knowledge
  database)
• possibly evolving into expert system
• Connection to on-line monitoring systems
• Effective use of available resources