Materials for the 2020 Challenges: The view of industry

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Materials for the 2020 ChallengesThe view of
industry
Carmelo Papa Executive Vice President,
Industrial and Multisegment General
Manager STMicroelectronics
Materials for the 2020 Challenges European
Parliament Brussels. July 10 2012
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Outline

• New materials can address societal challenges by
• boosting performances of key enabling
  technologies
• introducing entirely new functions in systems and
  changing
• manufacturing flow
• Examples of new materials in semiconductor
  industry
• SiC and GaN for the new wave of power electronics
• Polymers and flexible electronics for healthcare
• Keep looking at advanced materials e.g. graphene
• Bridging the gap between material science and
  market

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A long path from materials to applications
electric/hybrid car
From Materials to devices to systems
Applications
Device engineering and industrialisation
Early device prototypes
Fundamental Material studies
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Societal challenges calling for better power
actuators energy efficiency and
Kyoto protocol on reducing greenhouse gas
emissions
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Oil price increase
gt 85 of produced energy presently derived
from hydrocarbons
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.people concentration in megacities
By 2050, 7 out of 10 people will live in
megacities, offering the benefits of concentrated
living but also some of the biggest public-works
challenges in human history.
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Societal Challenges in Healthcare

• Healthcare spending is growing fast currently
  15 of GDP for USA,
• 8 of GDP for Europe
• Global Healthcare spending is more than 5
  Trillion Dollars per year
• This spending trend is unsustainable for the
  future economy
• To counter this trends, the Healthcare industry
  must change
• A move towards Personal Home Diagnostic

Sensors around the body
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Emerging Applications require Smart Integration
Moores Law and More than Moore
 More than Moore  Diversification
Sensors
HV
Biochips
Analog/RF
Passives
Actuators
Power
130nm
130nm
Interacting with people
and environment
90nm
90nm
Baseline CMOS CPU, Memory, Logic
65nm
65nm
Information
SoC and SiP mix for Higher Value Systems
Processing
45nm
45nm
32nm
32nm
22nm
22nm
.
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V
V

• Moore approach integrate more transistors in a
  chip
• More than Moore integrate functions in a Smart
  System
• Innovation in More than Moore comes in disruptive
  steps

Beyond CMOS Quantum Computing, Molecular
Electronics Spintronics
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From Si Power Devices.
The most recent Si MOSFET at ST Microelectronics
60 um Si wafer processing for advanced IGBTs
devices
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.to SiC and GaN power devices

• Better power density
• Lower losses
• Higher operation temperature
• Higher operation frequency

Source Yole Développement,
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SiC and GaN power devices
2015 SiC and GaN power device TAM 0.5B

• SiC Program
• 1200 V MOSFET (Q4 2012)
• SiC MOSFET vs. 1200 V IGBT
• 64 die size reduction
• Much higher switching frequency

• GaN Program
• 650V / 15A HEMT
• 650V / 200A HEMT
• GaN Transistor vs. 650 V IGBT
• 40 Power Saving

- 64 Silicon Area
1200 V IGBT
1200 V SiC MOSFET
Source Yole Développement, STMicroelectronics
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SiC and GaN in Renewable Energy
Moving electronics into the Panel for Enhanced
Photovoltaic
ST Solution
DC-AC conversion and MPPT
DC-DC conversion and MPPT
Enabling lower losses and higher currents
High efficiency full solar system
PV Inverter System 2014 TAM 8.8B, CAGR
2011-2014 11 23 Mu, CAGR 2011-2014 63
Source iSuppli
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SiC and GaN in Hybrid Electric Vehicles
ST Solution
PHEV Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Smart Power Electronics for a dramatic reduction
of C02 emission
HEV / EV 2014 Semiconductor TAM 1.9B CAGR
2011-2014 28
Source Yole Développement, STMicroelectronics
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Smart Systems are everywhere and require the
introduction of a wealth of new materials
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Flexible Electronics a new material for Smart
Systems
Ambient Intelligence
Portable Consumer
Security Safety

• Flexible Conformable
• Self Powered Autonomous
• Wireless Dislocation
• Cost Effective Disposable
• Light Portable

Wearable Electronics
Gaming Leisure
Human Interface
Healthcare Fitness
Automotive Transportation
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...adding material knowledge for Flexible
Disposable Electronics

• Bio-materials
• Metal/Non ferrose (Al, Ti, Cu, Ag, Tg, Au, Ni)
• Polimers (Non Metal/Organics/Thermoplastic)
• Polimmide
• PVC
• COP
• PET
• PEN
• Ceramics (Non Metal / Inorganics)

Polymers

• Advantages
• tenacity
• low specific weight
• workability
• Disadvantages
• low mechanic resistance
• degradation over time
• deformation over time

Ceramics

• Advantages
• Good biocompatibility
• Chemical inert
• High resistance to compression
• Resistance to corrosion
• Disadvantages
• Low resistance to traction
• High specific weight
• Fragility
• Low workability

Metals

• Advantages
• mechanical characteristics
• higher resistance to the use
• ductility
• Disadvantages
• Low biocompatibility
• Rigidity
• High specific height
• Corrosion in physiological environment

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Increasing complexity by multi-foil 3D
integration on flexible substrates

• The project challenge is the development of
  interconnection technologies for autonomous,
  flexible and smart system
• Interconnection technologies between flexible
  components and flexible foils as well as
  between functional foils.
• Three dimensional functional foil integration to
  achieve multi-foil based systems, i.e.
  system-in-foil.

Technical Demonstrator
Energy autonomous indoor air quality sensing
system capable of wireless communication of the
measured data.
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Flexible Electronics at STMicroelectronics

• Application fields
• Printed sensors / Flexible ICs
• Multifunctional systems on foil
• Smart disposables for healthcare
  and ambient intelligence
• Technologies
• From litho-based on wafer carriers
• to printed electronics carrier-less
• To Hybrid system integration (e.g. multi-foil)

Wireless Strain Gauge Modules for pressure and
temperature
Sensors around the body

• Examples
• Sensors on plastic strain/pressure, temperature,
  gas and biosensors
• Smart objects with RF harvesting and wireless
  communication
• Transparent and Flexible electronics, incl.
  printed organics and oxides
• Implantable sensors for glucose monitoring
• Hybrid Si-Plastic micro-fluidic modules

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ExampleContact Lens for Early Diagnosis of
Glaucoma

• Application Contact Lens for non-invasive early
  diagnosis and personalized treatment of Glaucoma
  (customer SENSIMED AG)
• ST Sensor is a strain gauge antenna embedded in
  a silicone contact lens
• The Sensor is capable of measuring cornea
  deformations due to Intra-Ocular-Pressure (IOP)
  variations
• The IOP Sensor is a wireless sensor that acts as
  a transducer, antenna and mechanical support for
  additional read-out electronics

ST Wafer containing contact lens sensor
Contact lens sensor Into the patients eye
Intra-Ocular Pressure Disposable Sensor
Sensor antenna embedded in a silicone contact
lens
Telemetric chip
Press release March 24, 2010 ST to develop and
supply wireless sensor for Sensimeds Continuous
Eye Pressure Monitor
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ExampleDiabetes Management with implantable
biosensors
Application Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM)
As of 2010 about 285 million people around the
world, are affected by Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
disease. Complications arising from diabetes can
be both Acute and long term and include
hypoglycemia, Ketoacidosis, coma, renal failure,
amputations, neuropathy, and retinal damage. In
the last decade Glucose sensing technology became
the major research focus in diabetes management
area, and 80 of biosensor market are the glucose
sensors.
Source www.medtronic.com
Over the next 10 years the cost of diabetes,
heart disease, and stroke will take a tremendous
toll on the national incomes of developing world
countries. According to WHO, diabetes, heart
disease, and stroke together will cost about
555.7 billion in lost national income in China,
303.2 billion in the Russian Fed. 336.6
billion in India and 49.2 billion in Brazil.
Working Reference Counter
http//www.medtronicdiabetes.net/products
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Example Biosensors for healthcare fitness

• Amperometric sensors from Glucose to Lactate
  monitoring
• Lactate levels are related to the
• anaerobic metabolism associated
• with muscle contraction
• 0.6 2 millimoles in resting
• up to 20 or 30 mM during activity
• Athletes have to stop physical activity when they
  reach their lactate threshold.
• Aim to avoid metabolic disorders and injured
  tissues during sport activities.
• Monitoring of several pathologic conditions, such
  as the case of patients with cardiac disease and
  diabetes.
• Multisensing of biological functions
• Biological chemical sensors associated with other
  physical and mechanical sensors, such as ECG,
  accelerometers, gyroscopes, temperature,
  pressure, light, etc.
• It requires dedicated electronics able to acquire
  the signals from sensor, process them and
  transmit to a portable remote unit

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From Healthcare to Ambient Intelligence

• Multifunctional systems embedded in everyday
  objects
• a) Wireless sensor networks
• Network of sensors embedded with low-cost
  electronics with RF analog processing
  capability
• Opportunities
• Multi-sensors integration at each sensor node
• Low power (either with battery or battery-less,
  where possible)
• b) Smart objects in packaging textile
• High volume (existing market for RFID)
• Opportunities
• Electronics on plastics, paper, textile
• Gas and chemical sensors in smart objects
• Flexible streatchable electronics
• associated with other functions and technology
  drivers
• e.g. displays, energy harvesting, ULP radios

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Keep watching new materials, e.g. graphene

• Thinnest material sheet imaginableyet the
  strongest! (5 times stronger than
  steel and much lighter!)

• Graphene is a semimetal it conducts as good (in
  fact better!) than the best metals, yet its
  electrical properties can be modulated (it can be
  switched ON and OFF)

• Record electron and hole mobilities (gt100 than
  Si)

• Superb heat conductor (gtx40 than Si)

• Very high current densities (4-8 mA/mm,
  equivalent to 109 A/cm2)

Applications new devices due to ambipolar
transport, excellent electrostatic confinement,
integration with Si and with flexible/transparent
substrates
Graphene has the potential to revolutionize
numerous fields Electronics, materials science,
chemistry, bio-sensors
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European  three pillars bridge  to pass across
the  valley of death 
Technological development
Pilot deployment Pilot line
Globally competitive manufacturing facilities
Production
Technology
Products
Science
Product development
Technological research
Competitive manufacturing
Knowledge
Market
The valley of death
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