Biotechnology and Medicine

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Biotechnology and Medicine
Prof. S.K.Panda Department of Pathology All India
Institute of Medical Sciences
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Translational Medicine has Varying Meanings
The most explicit understanding is
possibly Research where in a basic laboratory
discovery becomes applicable to the diagnosis,
treatment or prevention of a specific disease
Bedside
Bench
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The Kind of Man Power Required

1. Physician Scientists. (with or without formal
   MD-PhD).
2. Collaborative groups consisting of Investigators
   interested in basic understanding in physical,
   Chemical and Biological sciences with Physicians
   interested in solving specific problems.

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Areas

• There are unlimited possibilities. However, the
  common areas
• Molecular-Cell Biology ? Clinical Practice
• Computational Intelligence ? Interface with
  Physiology
• Physical Chemical Research ? Application in
  Biology

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• Basic research leads to clinical application
• Inter disciplinary research collaboration
• Educational programmes (MD/Ph.D. physician
  scientist, DM-infectious disease including
  training etc.)

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Virus Infection
Virus Infection
Cells
Replicon Transfection
Replicon Transfection
Un-infected Cells
Infected Cells
Micro Array
Micro Array
2D Maldi TOFF
2D Maldi TOFF
Mass Mass
Mass Mass
Other Studies
Other Studies
Comparison
Identification of molecules of interest
Used in
Diagnosis
Therapeutic Dev.
Clinical
Epidemiological
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Electronic Cantilever
Diagnostic Platform

• Antigen Ab Interaction

• Mol. Hybridization

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Physics
Electronics
Physiology
Engineering
Etc.
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ST Lab-on-Chip allows Functions Integrations
ST Lab-on-Chip
Minatec Sept. 2003
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Silicon Prototype 3Dim View
Minatec Sept. 2003
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Lab-ON-a Chip

• Micro Fludic
• Peltier
• Microarray
• Electromotive Nucleic acid movement and
  Hybridization
• Solid state portable laser scanner built to cell
  phone
• Central data server.
• Rural diagnostic

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Biotechnology and therapeutics
Most diseases can be divided etiologically in to
the following categories

• Hereditary diseases
• Infectious diseases
• Neoplastic diseases
• Degenerative diseases
• Inflammatory Diseases
• Endocrine Diseases

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Biotechnology can be used to treat several of them

• By replacing altered genes.
• By knocking out up-regulated genes.
• By delivering deficient enzymes or other
  biological products.
• By altering extraneously,response modifiers.
• By making replacement cells invivo/ ex-vivo
• By making transgenic organs for transplantation.
• By producing antimicrobials, Ribozymes and gene
  silencing RNA.

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RNA interference

• RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism
  to regulate the expression of genes and the
  replication of viruses.
• Mediated by double-stranded small interfering RNA
  molecules (siRNA).
• RNAi technology is a comparatively recent
  discovery believed by scientists to constitute an
  important aspect of a cells natural defence
  mechanism against parasitic viruses.
• Critically, the cell responds to a foreign
  (double stranded) form of siRNA introduced into
  the cell by destroying all internal mRNA with the
  same sequence as the siRNA.

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Cell Therapy

• Cell-based therapies to treat disease, which is
  often referred to as regenerative or reparative
  medicine.
• Two kinds of stem cells from animals and humans
• Embryonic stem cells (In the developing fetus,
  stem cells in developing tissues give rise to the
  multiple specialized cell types that make up the
  heart, lung, skin, and other tissues).
• Examples- Parkinson's disease, diabetes, and
  heart disease.
• Adult stem cells (bone marrow, muscle, and brain,
  discrete populations of adult stem cells generate
  replacements for cells that are lost through
  normal wear and tear, injury, or disease)

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Regenerative Medicine Potential Using Adult Stem
Cells
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Synthetic Biology

• Engineering of new biological components and
  organisms and redesign of existing ones.

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