Biology: your new favorite subject (tomorrow physics will be your favorite subject)

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Biology your new favorite subject(tomorrow
physics will be your favorite subject)
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Viruses

• Viruses are
• Parasites (they cannot survive independently,
  they must use another organism to reproduce)
• Very small (20-300 nm, or 1/750.000 of 1 cm)
• Very simple (some scientists think they should
  not even be classified as alive)

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Parts of a virus
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Replication Lytic Cycle
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Lysis and Budding
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Epidemiology(How viruses spread)

• Vertically, mother to child
• Hepatitis B (epatite virale B)
• Insects, mosquitoes (zanzare )
• Dengue fever
• Coughing and sneezing
• Influenza
• Body fluids (blood)
• HIV (virus dell'immunodeficienza umana)/
  AIDS(sindrome da immunodeficienza acquisita)

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Types of diseases and treatments

• Genetic
• Can be treated, but not cured- there is no way to
  change your DNA
• Bacteria
• Antibiotics stop bacterial infection by stopping
  the creation of cell walls and DNA
• Virus
• Vaccines
• Antiviral drugs

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How Vaccines Work

• Vaccines create anitbodies, which are small
  proteins that attach to the virus and prevent it
  from attaching to the cell
• Antibodies also notify the immune system to kill
  the virus

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Types of vaccines

• Inactivated
• dangerous virus killed through heat or chemicals
• Example Influenza vaccine
• Attenuated
• related but less dangerous to humans
• Example Yellow fever (febbre gialla)
• Protein subunit
• virus without genetic material
• Example Hepatitis B (epatite virale B)

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Influenza

• The flu is actually a serious disease
• In 1918 a pandemic killed 50 million people
• Influenza mutates quickly, so new vaccines are
  made every year

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Polio (poliomielite)

• Can cause paralysis and deformities
• Vaccines have almost eliminated the disease

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Smallpox (Variola vera)

• Causes itchy spots
• Has killed many people throughout history (for
  example, many native Americans after Europeans
  came to the New World)
• Thanks to the efforts of the World Health
  Organization, the disease was eliminated in 1977

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HIV

• No known vaccine
• Antiviral drugs dont stop the virus from
  attaching to the cell, but can interfere with
  other parts of the replication process
• These drugs can keep people with HIV healthy for
  many years
• But these drugs are not available in all parts of
  the world

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This part will be fun, I promise

• Make groups of 5
• Write a small play about the battle between a
  virus and the human body using metaphors
• Be creative!
• Perform your play in front of the class