Natural Selection Part 2

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Natural Selection Part 2

• MLK
• Spring 2006
• M.Elizabeth
• www.marric.us/teaching

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Chapter 10 Classification

• Chapter 10.1 Sorting it all out
• Classification is the arrangement of organisms
  into orderly groups based on their similarities.
  
• Why ClassifyIt is a natural thing for humans to
  classify things so that we know how best to use
  them

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Why Classify

• Biologist classify organisms living and extinct
  in order to make sense because there are so many
  different kinds of organisms.

Geologists have done the same by putting rocks
into categories sedimentary, igneous, and
metamorphic.
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Biologist Classify

• Classifying living things makes it easier for
  biologists to see patterns and to find answers to
  the following questions
• How many known species are there
• What are the characteristics of these species
• What are the relationships between these species

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B. Levels of Classification

• Six Kingdoms each of which are divided into phyla
  (phylum singular).
• Each phylum is divided into classes.
• Each class is divided into orders
• Each order is divided into families
• Each family is divided into genera (genus
  singular)
• Each genus is divided into species.
• A species is a group of individuals that can mate
  and produce fertile offspring.

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Mnemonic - Rhyme

• King Phillip Came Over For Grape Soda
• King Kingdom
• Phillip Phyla
• Came Class
• Over Order
• For Family
• Grape Genus
• Soda Species

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Kingdoms have the most members and the
classification system narrows the numbers to
species which has one (even now sometimes
scientist narrow to the subspecies - strains
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C. What is the basis for Classification

• Carolus Linnaeus is the father of taxonomy.
• Taxonomy is the science of identifying,
  classifying, and naming living things.
• Linnaeus was a Swedish physician and botanist who
  lived in the 1700s
• Linnaeus classified organism by their shared
  characteristics
• After Darwin scientist looked also for presumed
  evolutionary relationships

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Cladogram branching diagram
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D. Naming Names

• Linnaeus as father of taxonomy developed the two
  part scientific name for species.
• Latin or Greek names are used as building blocks
  for scientific names
• The first person to discover a species is given
  the opportunity to name it
• The two part scientific name begins with the
  genus and is followed by the species. Both are
  underlined or italicized.

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E. Dichotomous Keys

• Taxonomists use guides known as dichotomous keys
  to aid in identifying unknown organisms.
• A Dichotomous key consits of several pairs of
  descriptive statements that have an either/or
  response.

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10.2 The Six Kingdoms

1. Protista (eukaryotic cells with characteristics
   like animal and plant)
2. Archaebacteria prokaryotic cells that live in
   extreme environments
3. Eubacteria prokaryotic cells that live
   everywhere except extreme environments.
4. Plantae eukaryotic cells (plant cells) oldest
   living organisms
5. Fungi eukaryotic cells like plants but do not
   perform photosynthesis
6. Animalia eukaryotic cells, can move, have
   nervous systems